FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

10.25 · Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill

33 verses
B Open on bhagavata.keshavaswami.com ↗
Read summary inline (20849 chars)

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) In His boyhood, Krishna took up the task of tending the cows. This transition was marked by the Gopastami festival. In the company of the cowherd boys, Krishna and Balarama wandered the lands of Vrindavana and marked the earth with the impressions of Their beautiful lotus feet. The boyhood Krishna exhibited His divinity by killing more demons, chastising the Kaliya serpent, demolishing Indra’s pride by lifting Govardhana Hill, and saving the Vrindavana residents (including His father) from various calamities.

Previous The Process of Anartha-Nivrtti Next Defeating More Demons Last updated 1 year ago

B – Boyhood (15-28)

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) In His boyhood, Krishna took up the task of tending the cows. This transition was marked by the Gopastami festival. In the company of the cowherd boys, Krishna and Balarama wandered the lands of Vrindavana and marked the earth with the impressions of Their beautiful lotus feet. The boyhood Krishna exhibited His divinity by killing more demons, chastising the Kaliya serpent, demolishing Indra’s pride by lifting Govardhana Hill, and saving the Vrindavana residents (including His father) from various calamities.

Previous The Process of Anartha-Nivrtti Next Defeating More Demons Last updated 1 year ago

Defeating More Demons

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) Defeating More Demons Chapter 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 Dhenukasura: To fulfil the desire of His friends, Krishna walked with them to the Talavana forest, where Balarama playfully shook many juicy fruits off the palm trees. Outraged, the jackass demon, Dhenukasura, angrily attacked Him. Balarama seized the demon’s hind legs with one hand, whirled him around, threw him into the tree and terminated his life. As each tree fell onto the next, the ground was soon covered with thousands of ripe fruits! Kaliya: One day, when the cowherd boys drank from the Yamuna river, they suddenly fell unconscious. Unbeknown to them, the Kaliya serpent had poisoned the whole area, so much so that even the vapours emanating from the water were deadly. Krishna quickly revived the cowherd boys and jumped into the river, where He was attacked and enwrapped by Kaliya. The fearful Vrindavana residents were plunged into acute anxiety, and, observing the inauspicious omens, they rushed to the banks of the river. Sensing their angst, Krishna broke free of the serpent’s grip and began a deadly dance on Kaliya’s heads, causing the demon to vomit blood. When the wives of the serpent humbly prayed for his release, Krishna acquiesced and ordered Kaliya to return to Ramanaka island. When Maharaja Pariksit enquired why Kaliya had left the island, Sukadeva Goswami narrated the history of Garuda, Saubhari Rishi and Kaliya. Forest Fire (1): After Kaliya had been driven out, the Vrindavana residents slept peacefully on the Yamuna’s banks. That night, a forest fire broke out, and Krishna effortlessly swallowed it up to protect them. Pralambasura: One demon disguised himself as a gopa . When the boys split into two wrestling teams, Balarama defeated Pralambasura in a duel, and the penalty was to carry Him on his back. After lifting Balarama, Pralambasura planned to carry the Lord faraway. Lord Balarama, however, became unbearably heavy, and the exhausted demon was forced to assume his original form. Balarama then struck him on the head, cracked his skull and abruptly ended his life. Forest Fire (2): When Krishna entered the forest known as Munjaranya, a huge forest fire started, causing the cows to flee. Krishna told the gopas to close their eyes, and then swallowed the fire and brought them to safety in Bhandiravana.

Previous B – Boyhood (15-28) Next Krishna and the Ladies of Vrindavana Last updated 1 year ago

Krishna and the Ladies of Vrindavana

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) Krishna and the Ladies of Vrindavana Chapters 20, 21, 22, 23 Sukadeva Goswami described the beauty of the rainfall and autumn season in Vrindavana, ingeniously identifying a series of powerful lessons one can learn from nature. Moreover, the beauty of Vrindavana provides the idyllic backdrop for sweetest pastimes of Krishna. Venu Gita: When Krishna entered the forest and began playing His flute, the gopis were completely captivated. They meditated on the fortune of the flute, who constantly experiences the nectar of Krishna’s lips. The gopis also glorified the peacocks, deer, cows, birds, and inhabitants of Vrindavana, who all became completely stunned when hearing that transcendental flute song. Lost in loving thoughts, the young maidens wandered here and there in the forest. Stealing Garments: The gopis performed special worship of Goddess Katyayani with the ardent hope that Krishna would become their husband. In reciprocatoin, Krishna stole their garments while they were bathing in the Yamuna. Sitting on a Kadamba tree, Krishna cajoled them to come out naked. Externally they rebuked Krishna, but in their hearts the gopis were overjoyed. Later, to gain respite from the heat, the cowherd boys took shelter underneath some trees, who Krishna praised for their outstanding qualities. Brahmanas’ Wives: Krishna sent the hungry cowherd boys to beg for some food from the local brahmanas . Preoccupied with their ritualistic performances, the brahmanas ignored them and neglected to even reply. Krishna advised the gopas to instead visit the wives of those same brahmanas . When approached, the ladies eagerly gathered a variety of foods and lovingly handed them to Krishna and the cowherd boys. Enchanted by Krishna, they offered themselves at the same time! Krishna, however, instructed them to return home and fulfil their duties. Later, the ritualistic brahmanas realised their folly and condemned themselves for their neglect. They concluded that their wives were far more advanced in spiritual realisation since they had actually grasped the essence of what the scriptures teach; pure devotion to the Supreme Lord.

Previous Defeating More Demons Next Lifting Govardhana Hill Last updated 1 year ago

Lifting Govardhana Hill

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) Lifting Govardhana Hill Chapter 24, 25, 26, 27 Seeing the Vrindavana residents busy in organising a ritualistic offering to Indra, Krishna assured His father, Nanda Maharaja, that such worship was unnecessary. As vaisyas , He said, their priority was to worship the cows, brahmanas and Govardhana Hill. Out of affection for Krishna, they decided to abandon their age-old tradition. Instead, the Vrindavana residents prepared a grand variety of food items, while Govardhana hill, who manifested a gigantic form and accepted all the offerings. Outraged by this breach, Indra sent the deadly Samvartaka cloud to inundate Vrindavana with torrential rain. Amidst the panic and mayhem, Krishna miraculously lifted the gigantic Govardhana Hill and invited the villagers to take shelter underneath until the skies cleared. After seven days of deluge, Indra withdrew the cloud, and the Vrindavana residents emerged unharmed, with heightened appreciation for their beloved Krishna. The cowherd men recounted the ever-growing list of Krishna’s inconceivable activities. They were completely astonished and uncontrollably attracted! Nanda Maharaja remembered the statements of Gargamuni, who had predicted that Krishna would protect the saintly and annihilate the miscreants. Having had first hand experience of this, the ashamed Indra stepped forward offering prayers of submission. Accompanied by the surabhi cow, Indra then performed a bathing ceremony of Krishna and glorified Him with the name ‘Govinda’ - ‘one who gives pleasure to the cows.’

Previous Krishna and the Ladies of Vrindavana Next Nanda Rescued Last updated 1 year ago

Nanda Rescued

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) Nanda Rescued Chapter 28 Once, when Nanda Maharaja bathed in the Yamuna at an inauspicious time, the agents of Varuna captured him. Krishna immediately dived into the waters to free His father. Varuna marvelled at his good fortune to see the Lord face-to-face, and thus offered heartfelt prayers. Later, when Nanda Maharaja returned and described his mystical experience with Krishna, the Lord gave all His associates a vision of Vaikuntha.

Previous Lifting Govardhana Hill Next The Real World Last updated 1 year ago

The Real World

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) The Real World “Lord Krishna would loudly sound His flute as He entered the forest of Sri Vrindavana, thus giving inconceivable bliss to all the residents of His hometown, Vrindavana-Dhama. These simple pastimes of playfully entering the forest, playing on the flute and so forth were performed daily in the spiritual land of Vrindavana.” ( SB 10.15.2 ) Vrindavana is God’s playground. Eternally beautiful and unchanging, the scriptures and saints describe its glory through delightful poetry and profound philosophy. For thousands of years, it has been a focal point for pilgrims, who make long (and often arduous) journeys to reinvigorate their faith. Pilgrimage is not just a physical journey to a special place but also an inner spiritual journey towards transcendence. Krishna’s place of pleasure pastimes stays on earth and preserves its spiritual potency. Only with a pure heart, however, can one see the actual Vrindavana. That vision is a rare gift. It comes only to a very sincere practitioner of devotional life who has attracted the mercy of the Lord. Just as Krishna is the source of all incarnations ( svayam-rupa ), embodying and displaying the qualities of Godhead in full, Vrindavana is the original holy place ( svayam-dhama ). The benefits of visiting all holy places can be accrued by one who visits Vrindavana.

Previous Nanda Rescued Next Manifestations of Vrindavana Last updated 1 year ago

History of Vrindavana

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) The Real World History of Vrindavana Krishna Period Prior to Krishna’s appearance in the world, Vraja (the greater area of Vrindavana) was revered as a place of pilgrimage. In Canto Four , for example, we hear the story of Dhruva Maharaja entering the Madhuvana forest to perform austerities, as did the saintly Maharaja Ambarish. Assisted by the power of the dhama , even Ravana, who performed austerities in Mahavana, conquered the three worlds. As Krishna prepared to appear in the mortal world, many of His associates descended to the land of Vrindavana to assist Him in His pastimes, along with the demigods who took birth in the Yadu dynasty. With Krishna’s appearance the dhama glistened with divine splendour and the trees, animals and scenery of Vrindavana all blossomed in spiritual ecstasy. From Vrindavana, Krishna went to Mathura and killed the evil King Kamsa. He remained in Mathura for a further eighteen years, after which He transported all His associates to the fort of Dwaraka. The city of Mathura was repopulated, and remained under the able rule of Maharaja Ugrasena. Vajranabha Period One day, observing a series of inauspicious omens in Hastinapura, Maharaja Yuddhistira sensed that something terrible had happened. Just then, Arjuna returned to the palace from his pilgrimage looking utterly dejected. Arjuna then delivered the devastating news that Krishna had departed from the world and the Yadu dynasty had been practically obliterated. Feeling a deep sense of spiritual lamentation, the Pandavas installed Maharaja Pariksit on the throne of Hastinapura, Vajranabha (the great-grandson of Krishna) on the throne of Mathura, and proceeded to renounce the world. Kali-yuga had now begun, and Maharaja Pariksit was touring the kingdom. When he came to Mathura, Vajranabha lamented that the dhama was now empty. When Krishna left, all His associates also left, and the tracts of Vrindavana became practically deserted. Urged by Sandilya Rishi, Vajranabha, with the help of Maharaja Pariksit, began to rebuild Vrindavana by colonising the villages, restoring the holy places, establishing temples and deities, and making it a vibrant epicentre of Krishna-bhakti which would inspire generations to come. Under the rule of Vajranabha, Mathura again flourished as an idyllic place of pilgrimage. Since Krishna’s pastimes are known as nitya-lila , they are not only going on eternally in the spiritual abode, but also perpetually enacted within the borders of Bhauma Vrindavana. Although the external appearance of the dhama may change, its transcendental and divine nature remains untouched. Gaudiya Period With the passage of time, the external situation in Vrindavana again began to decline. The effects of Kali-yuga took their toll and local deities were desecrated or driven out, holy sites were neglected, and landmarks disappeared into obscurity. A major contributing factor was the attacks of foreign invaders on the holy land. In Chaitanya-Charitamrita, for example, the author narrates how the Gopala deity appeared to Madhavendra Puri and requested his help: “My name is Gopala. I am the lifter of Govardhana Hill. I was installed by Vajranabha, and here I am the authority. When the Muslims attacked, the priest who was serving Me hid Me in this bush in the jungle. Then he ran away out of fear of the attack.” ( CC Madhya 4.41 - 42 ). Kavi Karnapura explains, “In the course of time, the transcendental news of Krishna’s pastimes in Vrindavana was almost lost.” After accepting sannyasa , Chaitanya Mahaprabhu toured Vrindavana and spent several months there. Travelling via Prayag, Sri Chaitanya approached the sacred land of Mathura with increasing anticipation, having failed multiple times in His previous attempts to visit. Upon arrival, He fell to the ground and offered obeisances in ecstatic love. In this incarnation it would be His first and last visit to the holy dhama ; the appreciation He felt was indescribable. He continued walking, feeling increasing anticipation and excitement as he appraoched the sacred forest of Vrindavana. When He eventually arrived, Sri Chaitanya became immersed in an ocean of transcendental feeling as He recounted the divine pastimes that Sri Krishna had enacted 5,000 years ago. He had finally arrived home! Though Sri Chaitanya rediscovered holy sites and landmarks, He knew there was much more work to do. He enlisted the help of Lokanatha Goswami, Bhugarbha Goswami and the Six Goswamis of Vrindavana, requesting them to excavate the pilgrimage landmarks and build vibrant temples in a bid to re-establish the pre-eminence of Vrindavana. They lived as ideal renunciates, sleeping under a different tree every night and adhering strictly to their vows of renunciation. Absorbed in hearing, singing and writing about Krishna, they renounced all forms of material enjoyment and reduced bodily demands to the bare minimum. All the residents of Vrindavana were conquered by their profound devotion, humility and concern for all. Through their diligent endeavours, supported by wealthy kings and merchants, Vrindavana again flourished. Narayana Bhatta Goswami was a disciple of Sri Krishna Dasa Brahmacari, coming in the line of Gadadhara Pandit Goswami. He further continued the work of uncovering holy places and establishing lost Deities. Through his well-known book Vrindavana-bhakti-vilasa, he offered the Vaisnava community a complete guide to Vrindavana dhama . ISKCON Period The Gaudiya practitioners are known as Rupanugas, faithful followers of Rupa Goswami, and they assiduously offer their prayers to the great saint: “When will Srila Rupa Goswami Prabhupada, who has established within this material world the mission to fulfill the desire of Lord Chaitanya, give me shelter under his lotus feet?” As an ideal Rupanuga, Srila Prabhupada, Founder-Acarya of ISKCON, spent six years reading, writing, praying and living at the Radha Damodara temple, where the meditation hut ( bhajan kutir ) and tomb ( samadhi ) of Rupa Goswami were established by his nephew, Jiva Goswami. On the order of his spiritual master, Srila Prabhupada was preparing himself to transport the teachings of Sri Chaitanya to the western world. In 1965, he left the spiritual hub of Sri Vrindavana dhama , and travelled on a cargo ship bound for New York. After a life-threatening journey, his initial months in America were ones of great struggle, austerity and cultural re-adjustment. He was studying the local people and praying for a way and means to implant the message of Krishna consciousness within them. He soon met with success, founded the first temple, initiated some disciples, established a legal movement, published literature, and began scaling those activities all over the world. Soon enough, ‘Hare Krishna’ became a household name in the West, and Prabhupada began planning how to invite the whole world back to Vrindavana. In December 1971, Srila Prabhupada came back to Vrindavana with a world sankirtana party of exuberant western disciples. The residents of Vrindavana were astonished, appreciating that Srila Prabhupada was indeed the ambassador of Vrindavana to the whole world. The Vrindavana municipality honoured Prabhupada and his disciples with a formal reception at the town hall, and eminent personalities from the locality eulogised ISKCON’s founder for his mammoth efforts. Later, Srila Prabhupada established the ISKCON Krishna- Balarama temple and Vrindavana now remains a source of inspiration and shelter for the worldwide community of devotees.

Previous Stages of Krishna’s Life Next Y – Youthood (29-40) Last updated 1 year ago

Krishna as the Centre

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) The Real World Krishna as the Centre The conclusion is that Vrindavana has one essential quality that makes it Vrindavana: Krishna is at the centre. We once encountered a young girl in Vrindavana who would wake up in the morning and immediately close her eyes. She would get up from bed, find the wall, and slowly feel herself to the door, still with her eyes closed. She would then proceed downstairs in the pre-dawn hours, search for the door handle to the temple room, then come in front of the household altar. She would open the curtains, and then open her eyes for the first time in the day – and see Krishna! She maintained that practice for her entire life. What we talk about in pages of books and discuss in hours of lectures, is often revealed in the simple and sublime lifestyle of the Vrindavana residents, who place Krishna so naturally in the centre of their lives.

Previous Manifestations of Vrindavana Next Stages of Krishna’s Life Last updated 1 year ago

Manifestations of Vrindavana

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) The Real World Manifestations of Vrindavana The holy dhama of Vrindavana manifests itself in many ways. There is Vrindavana in the spiritual world, known as Goloka Vrindavana. Then there is Vrindavana which accompanies the Lord when He appears on earth, which is known as Bhauma Vrindavana. Further, there is Vrindavana which is manifested by the vision of a pure devotee. We find teachers like Srila Prabhupada, who re-created the holy places in geographical places all over the world, and built spiritual communities centred on glorification of Krishna. Finally, there is Vrindavana in the heart of a devotee. Due to the irresistable current of pure devotion, the Lord manifests and performs His pastimes there. [ 32 ]

Previous The Real World Next Krishna as the Centre Last updated 1 year ago

Stages of Krishna’s Life

Canto 10 (Part 1)

B – Boyhood (15-28) The Real World Stages of Krishna’s Life The first eleven years of Krishna’s pastimes were enacted in the Vrindavana area. Because of Their greatness, Krishna and Balarama passed through Their stages of kaumara (0-5 years), pauganda (6-10 years) and kaisora (11-15 years) much faster than ordinary children. The great teacher Visvanatha Chakravarti Thakura clarifies this point: “The three years and four months that Lord Krishna stayed in Mahavana were the equivalent of five years for an ordinary child, and thus in that period He completed His kaumara stage of childhood. The period from then to the age of six years and eight months, during which He lived in Vrindavana, constitutes His pauganda stage. And the period from the age of six years and eight months through His tenth year, during which time He lived in Nandisvara [Nandagram], constitutes His kaisora stage. Then, at the age of ten years and seven months, on the thirteenth lunar day of the dark fortnight of the month of Caitra, He went to Mathura, and the next day He killed Kamsa. Thus He completed His kaisora period at age ten, and He eternally remains at that age. In other words, we should understand that from this point on the Lord remains forever a kisora .” ( SB 10.45.3 )

Previous Krishna as the Centre Next History of Vrindavana Last updated 1 year ago

— S.B. Keshava Swami, Book Bhagavata

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.1

↗
శ్రీశుక ఉవాచ ఇన్ద్రస్తదాత్మన: పూజాం విజ్ఞాయ విహతాం నృప । గోపేభ్య: కృష్ణనాథేభ్యో నన్దాదిభ్యశ్చుకోప హ ॥ ౧ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca
[shree-shuka uvaacha]
indras tadātmanaḥ pūjāṁ
[indras tadaatmanah poojaam]
vijñāya vihatāṁ nṛpa
[vijnaaya vihataam nripa]
gopebhyaḥ kṛṣṇa-nāthebhyo
[gopebhyah krishna-naathebhyo]
nandādibhyaś cukopa ha
[nandaadibhyash chukopa ha]
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca — Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said indraḥ — Lord Indra tadā — then ātmanaḥ — his own pūjām — worship vijñāya — understanding vihatām — diverted nṛpa — O King (Parīkṣit) gopebhyaḥ — at the cowherds kṛṣṇa - nāthebhyaḥ — who took Kṛṣṇa as their Lord nanda - ādibhyaḥ — headed by Nanda Mahārāja cukopa ha — he became angry .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-śuka uvāca
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca
Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said
indras tadātmanaḥ pūjāṁ
indraḥ
Lord Indra
tadā
then
ātmanaḥ
his own
pūjām
worship
vijñāya vihatāṁ nṛpa
vijñāya
understanding
vihatām
diverted
nṛpa
O King (Parīkṣit)
gopebhyaḥ kṛṣṇa-nāthebhyo
gopebhyaḥ
at the cowherds
kṛṣṇa - nāthebhyaḥ
who took Kṛṣṇa as their Lord
nanda - ādibhyaḥ
headed by Nanda Mahārāja
nandādibhyaś cukopa ha
cukopa ha
he became angry .
  • kṛṣṇa - nāthebhyaḥ — to those who took Kṛṣṇa as their Lord
    A compound naming Vraja's new orientation — Kṛṣṇa as nātha, master. The Gosvāmīs read it as the rasa-mūla of śaraṇāgati: the soul declares one nātha and immediately incurs the wrath of the lesser controllers.
  • indraḥ — Lord Indra
    King of svarga and of the rain — a devatā within Kṛṣṇa's hierarchy, not above it. Gauḍīyas read this chapter as Bhagavān correcting His own pratinidhi when that representative confuses delegated post for supreme status.
  • cukopa ha — he became angry indeed
    The intensive perfect signals an outburst rooted in wounded pride. In Gauḍīya analysis, krodha that arises when one's worship is interrupted is the diagnostic of ahaṅkāra wearing the costume of piety.
  • pūjām — worship
    From √pūj. Indra's grievance is precisely that pūjā has been redirected — exposing that even celestial worship can be ego-claimed. The līlā shows Kṛṣṇa retraining Vraja from indirect to direct upāsanā.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: My dear King Parīkṣit, when Indra understood that his sacrifice had been put aside, he became furious with Nanda Mahārāja and the other cowherd men, who were accepting Kṛṣṇa as their Lord.

At the very beginning of this chapter Śukadeva Gosvāmī reveals the foolishness of Indra and the absurdity of his anger. Indra was frustrated because the residents of Vṛndāvana accepted Śrī Kṛṣṇa as their Lord. But the simple fact is that Śrī Kṛṣṇa is the Lord, not only of the residents of Vṛndāvana but of all that exists, including Indra himself. Thus Indra’s petulant reaction was ridiculous. As the common saying goes, “Pride goes before a fall.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: My dear King Parīkṣit, when Indra understood that his sacrifice had been put aside, he became furious with Nanda Mahārāja and the other cowherd men, who were accepting Kṛṣṇa as their Lord.
Commentary

In the twenty fifth Chapter Indra speaks with anger and sends rain to destroy the people of Vraja. Krsna , holding Govardhana in his left hand protects Vraja. Indra became angry with the inhabitants of Vraja, showing at once his foolishness and useless of his anger.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Indra realized that his worship had been diverted, and the materials used for other worship. Because of intoxication with pride and lack of intelligence he became angry at the devotees of Kṛṣṇa, the people of Vraja, including Nanda. His anger became clear (ha) because of his corresponding behavior. An alternate version has saḥ instead of ha. This indicates his lack of intelligence.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Indra directly realized (vijṣāya) that his worship had been diverted, and the materials used for other worship since he came into the sky unnoticed on hearing the commotion. The sacrifice was disrupted, for materials meant for his sacrifice had been used up and he did not receive his portion of the sacrifice. His anger out of pride was misplaced, for the people had taken Kṛṣṇa as their lord (kṛṣna-nāthebhyaḥ). O king! You know about the dangers of pride. The others were Upananda and other cowherds and the priests. Ha means clearly. Such behavior was according to his character.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Prema (Divine Love)Svadhyaya (Self-study & Scripture Study)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Indra in his heavenly hall hears that Vraja has stopped his pūjā and begun to worship a cowherd boy — and his face darkens like a sky before storm. Whenever the conditioned soul's prestige is set aside in favor of Kṛṣṇa's direct shelter, the old gods of one's own self-importance flare up first.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.2

↗
గణం సాంవర్తకం నామ మేఘానాం చాన్తకారీణామ్ । ఇన్ద్ర: ప్రచోదయత్ క్రుద్ధో వాక్యం చాహేశమాన్యుత ॥ ౨ ॥
gaṇaṁ sāṁvartakaṁ nāma
[ganam saamvartakam naama]
meghānāṁ cānta-kārīṇām
[meghaanaam chaanta-kaareenaam]
indraḥ pracodayat kruddho
[indrah prachodayat kruddho]
vākyaṁ cāheśa-māny uta
[vaakyam chaahesha-maany uta]
gaṇam — the group sāṁvartakam nāma — named Sāṁvartaka meghānām — of clouds ca — and anta - kāriṇām — who effect the end of the universe indraḥ — Indra pracodayat — sent forth kruddhaḥ — angry vākyam — words ca — and āha — spoke īśa - mānī — falsely thinking himself the supreme controller uta — indeed .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
gaṇaṁ sāṁvartakaṁ nāma
gaṇam
the group
sāṁvartakam nāma
named Sāṁvartaka
meghānāṁ cānta-kārīṇām
meghānām
of clouds
ca
and
anta - kāriṇām
who effect the end of the universe
indraḥ
Indra
indraḥ pracodayat kruddho
pracodayat
sent forth
kruddhaḥ
angry
vākyaṁ cāheśa-māny uta
vākyam
words
ca
and
āha
spoke
īśa - mānī
falsely thinking himself the supreme controller
uta
indeed .
  • sāṁvartakam nāma — named Sāṁvartaka
    The pralaya-clouds reserved for cosmic dissolution. Their use here is grotesquely disproportionate — Prabhupāda highlights this as the signature of īśa-māna: a finite controller treating personal injury as universe-ending.
  • anta - kāriṇām — which effect the end (of the universe)
    Compound from anta (end) + kāriṇām (makers). The clouds whose role is the destruction of the cosmos — released here against a village of gopas. Gauḍīya reading: misused śakti is the marker of an offender, not a master.
  • īśa - mānī — falsely thinking himself the supreme controller
    Compound īśa (controller) + mānin (one who imagines himself to be). The exact diagnosis of conditioned consciousness — taking delegated power for svayam-īśvaratva. The whole chapter is Kṛṣṇa's medicine for this single disease.
  • kruddhaḥ — angry
    From √krudh. In Gauḍīya psychology krodha is the second-stage outgrowth of unfulfilled kāma (Bg 2.62); here, Indra's interrupted enjoyment of worship instantly becomes wrath. The līlā stages this scripture-truth in weather.
Angry Indra sent forth the clouds of universal destruction, known as Sāṁvartaka. Imagining himself the supreme controller, he spoke as follows.

The word īśa-mānī here is very significant. Indra arrogantly considered himself to be the Lord, and thus he exhibited the typical attitude of a conditioned soul. Many thinkers in the twentieth century have noted the exaggerated sense of individual prestige characteristic of our culture; indeed, writers have even coined the phrase “the me generation.” Everyone in this world is more or less guilty of the syndrome called īśa-māna, or proudly considering oneself the Lord.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Angry Indra sent forth the clouds of universal destruction, known as Sāṁvartaka. Imagining himself the supreme controller, he spoke as follows.
Commentary

This verse describes Indra’s anger. Samvartaka refers to those clouds used at the time of final devastation. Ca indicates that the seven winds of destruction such as avaha nd pravaha were also sent by him. Indra was proud, thinking himself the controller (isamani).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The clouds were used especially for destruction of the universe and were thus called sāṁvartakam (destructive of the universe). The word ca means eva (just for this). Or, the word ca indicates other clouds like āvaha and pravaha clouds as well. He sent the clouds (pra-- codayat) while instilling them with enthusiasm for destruction because of his pride. The word uta means “indeed” indicating his despicable conduct, unbecoming for the leader of the devatās.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses

The Sāṁvartaka clouds are the boilers of cosmic dissolution; Indra opens their seals out of season and aims them at one village of cowherds. When a small ego inherits a large weapon, even ordinary anger borrows the language of apocalypse.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.3

↗
అహో శ్రీమదమాహాత్మ్యం గోపానాం కాననౌకసామ్ । కృష్ణం మర్త్యముపాశ్రిత్య యే చక్రుర్దేవహేలనమ్ ॥ ౩ ॥
aho śrī-mada-māhātmyaṁ
[aho shree-mada-maahaatmyam]
gopānāṁ kānanaukasām
[gopaanaam kaananaukasaam]
kṛṣṇaṁ martyam upāśritya
[krishnam martyam upaashritya]
ye cakrur deva-helanam
[ye chakrur deva-helanam]
aho — just see śrī — because of opulence mada — of intoxication māhātmyam — the great extent gopānām — of the cowherds kānana — in the forest okasām — who dwell kṛṣṇam — Kṛṣṇa martyam — an ordinary human upāśritya — taking shelter of ye — who cakruḥ — have committed deva — against the demigods helanam — offense .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
aho śrī-mada-māhātmyaṁ
aho
just see
śrī
because of opulence
mada
of intoxication
māhātmyam
the great extent
gopānāṁ kānanaukasām
gopānām
of the cowherds
kānana
in the forest
okasām
who dwell
kṛṣṇaṁ martyam upāśritya
kṛṣṇam
Kṛṣṇa
martyam
an ordinary human
upāśritya
taking shelter of
ye cakrur deva-helanam
ye
who
cakruḥ
have committed
deva
against the demigods
helanam
offense .
  • martyam — an ordinary human (mortal)
    From √mṛ. Indra's central error — naming Kṛṣṇa by a category Kṛṣṇa does not occupy. Bg 9.11 indicts this exact move: avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā mānuṣīṁ tanum āśritam. The whole canto is a refutation of martyam here.
  • upāśritya — taking shelter of
    From upa + ā + √śri — to take complete refuge. The technical verb of śaraṇāgati. Indra denounces precisely what Vraja got right. Gauḍīyas note: the offender's complaint is often the devotee's certificate.
  • deva — against the demigods
    Indra's framing — Vraja has offended 'the gods' (i.e. him). The verse turns on the deva/Deva distinction the Bhāgavatam constantly draws: subordinate devatās vs. Bhagavān Kṛṣṇa, the Deva of devas.
  • kānana - okasām — of those who dwell in the forest
    kānana (forest) + okas (dwelling). Indra means it dismissively — rustics. But Vṛndāvana's forest-dwelling is itself the supreme abode in Gauḍīya geography; what he intends as insult is the gopas' very glory.
[Indra said:] Just see how these cowherd men living in the forest have become so greatly intoxicated by their prosperity! They have surrendered to an ordinary human being, Kṛṣṇa, and thus they have offended the gods.

Of course, Indra was really saying that the cowherd men had offended him, Indra, by taking shelter of Kṛṣṇa, whom Indra considered to be martya, a mortal. This was certainly a gross miscalculation on Indra’s part.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
[Indra said:] Just see how these cowherd men living in the forest have become so greatly intoxicated by their prosperity! They have surrendered to an ordinary human being, Kṛṣṇa, and thus they have offended the gods.
Commentary

Indra speaks "How astonishing to see the amount of wealth and bliss of these cowherd men!" According to Sarasvati : krsna is called martyam because he appears to give auspiciousness to the ignorant souls of the material world. The gopas have taken shelter of that Krsna, and ignored me, the lowly devata.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

[Indra said:] Just see how these cowherd men living in the forest have become so greatly intoxicated by their prosperity! They have surrendered to an ordinary human being, Kṛṣṇa, and thus they have offended the gods. This is astonishing (aho)! They are lowly forest people, ignorant. The prefix upa has a negative connotation as in upapati (paramour lover). Upāśrityā indicates falling from dharma, reputation and family rules. By saying this, he shows his superiority over humans as a devatā. Thus he mentions that the offense is against the devatās, not just himself. He expresses himself in this way to show that it is not proper to give up the status of a devatā and accept qualities of a human. The people of Vraja did not think of Indra as a devatā what to speak of being the head of the devatās. However another meaning can be found in his words. The people of Vraja as dwellers in the forest and cowherds were most sattvic in qualities. They surrendered to Kṛṣṇa who was the parabrahman in human form (matryam), who was most affection to his devotees. Therefore it was proper that they ignore the devatās.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses
Concepts
Dharma

Indra looks down at Vraja and sees only what every offender sees of devotees — drunkenness, foolishness, social transgression. The form of an ordinary cowherd is for him exactly what the form of a deity is to the atheist: the same shape, read backward through pride.

Duryodhana misreading Kṛṣṇa

When Kṛṣṇa came as the Pāṇḍavas' messenger, Duryodhana saw only a cowherd-cousin without an army worth respecting, and tried to arrest Him. Vidura and Bhīṣma saw the same body and recognized Bhagavān.

The form of Kṛṣṇa is one; what changes is the seer. Indra's 'martyam' here belongs to the same family of mistakes.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.4

↗
యథాద‍ృఢై: కర్మమయై: క్రతుభిర్నామనౌనిభై: । విద్యామాన్వీక్షికీం హిత్వా తితీర్షన్తి భవార్ణవమ్ ॥ ౪ ॥
yathādṛḍhaiḥ karma-mayaiḥ
[yathaadridhaih karma-mayaih]
kratubhir nāma-nau-nibhaiḥ
[kratubhir naama-nau-nibhaih]
vidyām ānvīkṣikīṁ hitvā
[vidyaam aanveekshikeem hitvaa]
titīrṣanti bhavārṇavam
[titeershanti bhavaarnavam]
yathā — as adṛḍhaiḥ — which are inadequate karma - mayaiḥ — based on fruitive activity kratubhiḥ — by ritual sacrifices nāma — in name only nau - nibhaiḥ — which serve as boats vidyām — knowledge ānvīkṣikīm — spiritual hitvā — abandoning titīrṣanti — they try to cross beyond bhava - arṇavam — the ocean of material existence .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yathādṛḍhaiḥ karma-mayaiḥ
yathā
as
adṛḍhaiḥ
which are inadequate
karma - mayaiḥ
based on fruitive activity
kratubhir nāma-nau-nibhaiḥ
kratubhiḥ
by ritual sacrifices
nāma
in name only
nau - nibhaiḥ
which serve as boats
vidyām ānvīkṣikīṁ hitvā
vidyām
knowledge
ānvīkṣikīm
spiritual
hitvā
abandoning
titīrṣanti bhavārṇavam
titīrṣanti
they try to cross beyond
bhava - arṇavam
the ocean of material existence .
  • bhava - arṇavam — the ocean of material existence
    bhava (becoming, saṁsāra) + arṇava (ocean). A standard Vaiṣṇava metaphor — the bhava-sindhu is crossed only by Kṛṣṇa's mercy (mām eva ye prapadyante, Bg 7.14). Indra mocks the only working raft.
  • nau - nibhaiḥ — which serve as boats (in name only)
    nau (boat) + nibha (resembling). Indra accuses Vraja of using a 'so-called boat'; the irony is that ritual sacrifice without recognition of Kṛṣṇa is itself the boat in name only. Gauḍīyas read this inversion as Indra's own diagnosis turning on him.
  • karma - mayaiḥ — based on fruitive activity
    karma + mayaḥ (consisting of). Indra defends ritualism — exactly the path Kṛṣṇa supplants when He instructs Nanda in the previous chapter to worship Govardhana instead. The verse exposes Indra's investment in karma-kāṇḍa.
  • ānvīkṣikīm — spiritual (knowledge)
    Traditionally 'logical science of the self.' Indra claims Vraja has abandoned ātma-vidyā for blind faith. The chapter inverts this: Vraja's direct surrender is the highest ātma-jñāna, and Indra's 'knowledge' is the abandonment.
Their taking shelter of Kṛṣṇa is just like the foolish attempt of men who abandon transcendental knowledge of the self and instead try to cross over the great ocean of material existence in the false boats of fruitive, ritual sacrifices.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Their taking shelter of Kṛṣṇa is just like the foolish attempt of men who abandon transcendental knowledge of the self and instead try to cross over the great ocean of material existence in the false boats of fruitive, ritual sacrifices.
Commentary

As vaisnavas desire to cross the ocean of material existence and thus take shelter of Krsna, rejecting the quest for knowledge of Brahman, these cowherd men have become absorbed in a sacrifice as a boat to cross the ocean, which cannot do so (adrdhaih). One should not attempt to cross the ocean by taking shelter of Krsna, hoping to reduce the size of the ocean to size of a calf’s hoofprint. But they desire to do so.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Just as foolish people try to cross material existence by sacrifices which give temporary results (adṛḍhaih), the cowherds took shelter of Kṛṣṇa and offended me. This example shows that they acted unsuitably because of lack of discrimination. Or, just as the foolish give up knowledge and try to cross existence by temporary sacrifices, the cowherds gave up Indra’s worship and took shelter of Kṛṣṇa and are trying to cross material existence. Because of his great anger, he does not complete the sentence. The real meaning however is this. Just as the devotees give up impersonal knowledge along with sacrifices, and desire to cross existence simply by taking shelter of Kṛṣṇa, the cowherds gave up my worship and tried to cross material existence by taking shelter of him.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses
Concepts
Bhava

Indra ridicules the cowherds for crossing saṁsāra in a 'boat' named Kṛṣṇa instead of one named yajña. He has inverted the truth exactly — the very Person on whose behalf yajña is performed (Bg 5.29, yajña-bhoktāram) is now being called the inferior boat.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.5

↗
వాచాలం బాలిశం స్తబ్ధమజ్ఞం పణ్డితమానినమ్ । కృష్ణం మర్త్యముపాశ్రిత్య గోపా మే చక్రురప్రియమ్ ॥ ౫ ॥
vācālaṁ bāliśaṁ stabdham
[vaachaalam baalisham stabdham]
ajñaṁ paṇḍita-māninam
[ajnam pandita-maaninam]
kṛṣṇaṁ martyam upāśritya
[krishnam martyam upaashritya]
gopā me cakrur apriyam
[gopaa me chakrur apriyam]
vācālam — overtalkative bāliśam — child stabdham — arrogant ajñam — foolish paṇḍita - māninam — thinking Himself wise kṛṣṇam — Kṛṣṇa martyam — a human being upāśritya — taking shelter of gopāḥ — the cowherds me — against me cakruḥ — have acted apriyam — unfavorably .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
vācālaṁ bāliśaṁ stabdham
vācālam
overtalkative
bāliśam
child
stabdham
arrogant
ajñaṁ paṇḍita-māninam
ajñam
foolish
paṇḍita - māninam
thinking Himself wise
kṛṣṇaṁ martyam upāśritya
kṛṣṇam
Kṛṣṇa
martyam
a human being
upāśritya
taking shelter of
gopā me cakrur apriyam
gopāḥ
the cowherds
me
against me
cakruḥ
have acted
apriyam
unfavorably .
  • vācālam — overtalkative
    Indra's insult is the gopīs' worship. Kṛṣṇa's vraja-vāṇī — His teasing speech, His flute-call — is the very mādhurya the Gosvāmīs trace through Govinda-līlāmṛta. Offenders catalogue beauty as defect.
  • bāliśam — child
    From bāla (child). Yaśodā's vātsalya-rasa rests on exactly this 'fault.' Gauḍīya doctrine: Kṛṣṇa's eternal kaiśora-vayasa is His highest mādhurī, not a deficiency. Indra sees a defect where Vraja sees the Lord's sweetest form.
  • paṇḍita - māninam — thinking Himself wise
    paṇḍita (learned) + mānin (one who imagines himself). The exact compound used elsewhere of conditioned souls (e.g. SB 7.5). Indra projects his own īśa-māna onto Kṛṣṇa — the offender's mirror.
  • stabdham — arrogant
    From √stambh — to become rigid, unmoving. In bhakti-rasa, this 'immovability' is Kṛṣṇa's vāmya — His sweet, unbendable autonomy that wins the gopīs. Indra reads as arrogance what is in truth svatantra-īśvaratva.
These cowherd men have acted inimically toward me by taking shelter of this ordinary human being, Kṛṣṇa, who thinks Himself very wise but who is simply a foolish, arrogant, overtalkative child.

According to Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī, through the insults of Indra Goddess Sarasvatī is actually praising Kṛṣṇa. The ācārya explains: “ Vācālam means ‘one who can speak according to Vedic authority.’ Bāliśam means ‘free from pretension, just like a child.’ Stabdham means that He bows down to no one because there is no one for Him to offer homage to, ajñam means that there is nothing more for Him to know because He is omniscient, paṇḍita-māninam means that He is highly honored by the knowers of the Absolute Truth, and kṛṣṇam means He is the Supreme Absolute Truth, whose transcendental form is full of eternity and ecstasy. Martyam means that although He is the Absolute Truth, He nevertheless appears in this world as a human being out of affection for His devotees.” Indra wanted to rebuke Kṛṣṇa as vācālam because the Lord had presented many audacious arguments in the line of Karma-mīmāṁsā and Sāṅkhya philosophy even though He did not accept these arguments; thus Indra called the Lord bāliśa, “foolish.” Indra called Him stabdha because He had spoken boldly even in the presence of His own father. Thus although Indra attempted to criticize Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the Lord’s transcendental character is in fact impeccable, and this chapter will demonstrate how Indra came to recognize the position of the Lord.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
These cowherd men have acted inimically toward me by taking shelter of this ordinary human being, Kṛṣṇa, who thinks Himself very wise but who is simply a foolish, arrogant, overtalkative child.
Commentary

Krsna is talkative (vacalam) speaking nonsense which contradicts the conclusions of mimamsa and sankhya philosophy. He is foolish (balisam), not having studied the scriptures. He is disrespectful (stabdham), being audacious in front of his own father. He is ignorant (ajnam),not knowing anything because all he does is herd cows, but thinks himself a learned man (pandita maninam). He is only human. They neglect me, a devata, and thus commit insult. The real meaning however is that by krsna’s mercy even a fool becomes skilful with words. He does not respect others because others are not worthy of respect. There is nothing which is not known to him (ajnam). He is adored by the learned men (pandita maninah).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Indra says Kṛṣṇa is talkative because he had spoken speculatively and harshly about karmavāda. The lowly cowherds offended me, the lord of the three worlds. His statement indicates his great pride. Śrīdhara Svāmī explains that the words can be praise for Kṛṣṇa. Vācālam can mean “having ability in speaking.” He was like innocent like a child (bāliśam) since Viśva-prakāśa says this word can mean a child or a fool. Ajṣam can mean “having all knowledge.” Paṇḍita-māninam can mean he is respected by the people having knowledge of Brahman.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Indra says Kṛṣṇa is talkative because he had spoken speculatively and harshly about karmavāda. The lowly cowherds offended me, the lord of the three worlds. His statement indicates his great pride. Mentioning himself indicates his pride.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Apaishunam (Non-slander)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses

Indra calls Kṛṣṇa overtalkative, childish, arrogant, foolish — and every adjective is true at the rasa-level and false at the tattva-level. The same flute-prattle the gopīs adore is what offends Indra; the boy-arrogance Yaśodā chases with a rope is what insults the king of heaven.

Śiśupāla's hundred offenses

Śiśupāla too compiled a litany of insults against Kṛṣṇa at the Rājasūya — boy, cowherd, thief, low-born. Bhīṣma heard them as glorification in disguise; Kṛṣṇa let him reach the hundredth before releasing his soul into Himself.

Indra's catalog here is in the same key. Offenders inventory exactly the features the devotees worship — boyhood, simplicity, sweet defiance — and call them faults.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.6

↗
ఏషాం శ్రియావలిప్తానాం కృష్ణేనాధ్మాపితాత్మనామ్ । ధునుత శ్రీమదస్తమ్భం పశూన్ నయత సఙ్‌క్షయమ్ ॥ ౬ ॥
eṣāṁ śriyāvaliptānāṁ
[eshaam shriyaavaliptaanaam]
kṛṣṇenādhmāpitātmanām
[krishnenaadhmaapitaatmanaam]
dhunuta śrī-mada-stambhaṁ
[dhunuta shree-mada-stambham]
paśūn nayata saṅkṣayam
[pashoon nayata sankshayam]
eṣām — of them śriyā — by their opulences avaliptānām — who are intoxicated kṛṣṇena — by Kṛṣṇa ādhmāpita — fortified ātmanām — whose hearts dhunuta — remove śrī — based on their wealth mada — being maddened stambham — their false pride paśūn — their animals nayata — bring saṅkṣayam — to destruction .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
eṣāṁ śriyāvaliptānāṁ
eṣām
of them
śriyā
by their opulences
avaliptānām
who are intoxicated
kṛṣṇenādhmāpitātmanām
kṛṣṇena
by Kṛṣṇa
ādhmāpita
fortified
ātmanām
whose hearts
dhunuta śrī-mada-stambhaṁ
dhunuta
remove
śrī
based on their wealth
mada
being maddened
stambham
their false pride
paśūn nayata saṅkṣayam
paśūn
their animals
nayata
bring
saṅkṣayam
to destruction .
  • śrī - mada — intoxication of opulence
    śrī (opulence) + mada (intoxication). The diagnostic Bhāgavata names for the disease of the elite (cf. SB 1.8.26, janmaiśvarya-śruta-śrī-mada). Indra projects it onto Vraja but is himself its textbook case — the line cuts both ways.
  • ādhmāpita - ātmanām — whose hearts are fortified (by Kṛṣṇa)
    Literally 'puffed up' or 'inflated' — Indra reads Vraja's Kṛṣṇa-confidence as bloat. Gauḍīya inversion: the heart 'inflated' by Kṛṣṇa's shelter is in fact the only heart that holds its proper shape.
  • paśūn — their animals
    Specifically the cows of Vraja. Indra targets the cows; Kṛṣṇa is Govinda. The whole līlā turns on this collision — the king of heaven attacks gokula, and the Lord of gokula lifts the hill in answer.
  • saṅkṣayam — to destruction
    From sam + √kṣi. Total annihilation. The verb-target reveals offense's nature: not correction but erasure. Bhāgavata logic — anyone who plans saṅkṣaya of devotees is already finished himself.
[To the clouds of destruction King Indra said:] The prosperity of these people has made them mad with pride, and their arrogance is backed up by Kṛṣṇa. Now go and remove their pride and bring their animals to destruction.

It is clear from this verse that the residents of Vṛndāvana had become highly prosperous simply by protecting cows, since Indra wanted to destroy their so-called pride based on wealth by killing their animals. Well-tended cows produce large quantities of milk, from which come cheese, butter, yogurt, ghee and so on. These foods are delicious by themselves and also enhance other foods, such as fruits, vegetables and grains. Bread and vegetables are delicious with butter, and fruit is especially appetizing when mixed with cream or yogurt. Dairy products are always desirable in civilized society, and the surplus can be traded for many valuable commodities. Thus, simply by a Vedic dairy enterprise, the residents of Vṛndāvana were wealthy, healthy and happy, even in the material sense, and most of all they were eternal associates of the Supreme Lord Kṛṣṇa.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
[To the clouds of destruction King Indra said:] The prosperity of these people has made them mad with pride, and their arrogance is backed up by Kṛṣṇa. Now go and remove their pride and bring their animals to destruction.
Commentary

Because these cowherd men are mad because of wealth, their minds (atma) being incited by Krsna, you should remove their pride and kill their cows. The real meaning (unintentional by Indra) is as follows. The cowherd men are anointed with sandalwood (sriya avalipta). Remove the heat in their bodies by the cool rain, and cool the cows, making them tremble (dhunuta). And when Krsna lifts up Govardhana, cause him to make a beautiful place (samyak ksaya: ksaya means residence as well as destruction) for them to stay.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Having made clear his anger at the cowherds because of their fault of having become arrogant, he then orders the clouds to perform their evil actions. The cowherds have become intoxicated or swelling in size of their bodies because of their wealth of cows, because of Kṛṣṇa, since he has encouraged their herding of cows to get milk and other produces. They have become strong (ādhmāpitātmanām) because of Kṛṣṇa. Or, they have become intoxicated with wealth since their hearts (ātmanām) have become bold because of Kṛṣṇa. The real meaning however is that they have increased their bhakti and their hearts are glowing with that bhakti (ādhmāpitātmanām). How shall we remove their pride? Destroy the cows completely since the cows are the source of their pride. The real meaning is “make a most comfortable abode for the cows (kṣayam).”

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)
Related verses
Concepts
Atma

Indra orders the dissolution-clouds to break the cows of Vraja — and forgets that Govinda is precisely go-vinda, the protector of cows. He has commanded an army to attack the one Person whose name means 'cow-shelter.' The offense names itself.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.7

↗
అహం చైరావతం నాగమారుహ్యానువ్రజే వ్రజమ్ । మరుద్గణైర్మహావేగైర్నన్దగోష్ఠజిఘాంసయా ॥ ౭ ॥
ahaṁ cairāvataṁ nāgam
[aham chairaavatam naagam]
āruhyānuvraje vrajam
[aaruhyaanuvraje vrajam]
marud-gaṇair mahā-vegair
[marud-ganair mahaa-vegair]
nanda-goṣṭha-jighāṁsayā
[nanda-goshtha-jighaamsayaa]
aham — I ca — also airāvatam — named Airāvata nāgam — my elephant āruhya — riding anuvraje — will follow along vrajam — to Vraja marut - gaṇaiḥ — accompanied by the wind-gods mahā - vegaiḥ — who move with great power nanda - goṣṭha — the cowherd community of Nanda Mahārāja jighāṁsayā — with the intent of destroying .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
ahaṁ cairāvataṁ nāgam
aham
I
ca
also
airāvatam
named Airāvata
nāgam
my elephant
āruhyānuvraje vrajam
āruhya
riding
anuvraje
will follow along
vrajam
to Vraja
marud-gaṇair mahā-vegair
marut - gaṇaiḥ
accompanied by the wind-gods
mahā - vegaiḥ
who move with great power
nanda-goṣṭha-jighāṁsayā
nanda - goṣṭha
the cowherd community of Nanda Mahārāja
jighāṁsayā
with the intent of destroying .
  • airāvatam — named Airāvata
    Indra's celestial elephant, churned from the milk ocean. A symbol of devatā opulence — and the Bhāgavatam everywhere shows such opulence (1.8.26) becomes the obstruction to recognizing Bhagavān. The mount is the disease.
  • vrajam — to Vraja
    From √vraj — to move, to wander. Vraja is the cowherd region of Kṛṣṇa's pastimes; in Gauḍīya theology it is the highest dhāma, the seat of mādhurya-rasa. Indra's choice of target unwittingly names the supreme abode.
  • marut - gaṇaiḥ — with the wind-gods
    marut (wind) + gaṇa (host). The maruts are demigods born from Diti's penance, ultimately governed by Viṣṇu. Indra borrows the Lord's own servants to attack the Lord's own home — the līlā's emblem of misapplied power.
  • jighāṁsayā — with intent to kill
    Desiderative of √han (to kill). The grammar names the hostile intention itself; in śāstra such intent against devotees is the highest aparādha. Vāmana once stepped over Indra's grandfather Bali — and Indra has learned nothing.
I will follow you to Vraja, riding on my elephant Airāvata and taking with me the swift and powerful wind-gods to decimate the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.

The Sāṁvartaka clouds were frightened by Indra’s powerful mood and thus carried out his order, as described in the following verse.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
I will follow you to Vraja, riding on my elephant Airāvata and taking with me the swift and powerful wind-gods to decimate the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.
Commentary

Indra spoke to the frightened clouds, "I will also come behind you., desiring to destroy (jaghamsaya) the pastures of Nanda." The real meaning is "I am coming, desiring to see the pastures of Nanda."

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

I will come riding on Airāvata since, if you lack water, he can supply it. I will come along with forty-nine winds. He had a desire to destroy Vraja and not Mathurā. This means he desired to become friends with Kaṁsa. The real meaning of jighāṁsayā however is “I will follow you with a desire to see Nanda’s place.”

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

“What can the power of small beings do to me?” I will come after you to Vraja (anuvraje). I will come riding on Airāvata since, if you lack water, he can supply it. I will come along with forty-nine winds to destroy the village of Kṛṣṇa’s father (nanda) or the village of he who takes joy in bhakti or satisfies the world. I will destroy that village (goṣṭha) and not the city of Mathurā. He was afraid of powerful Kaṁsa. This bad decision indicates the inauspicious nature of his journey.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Prema (Divine Love)Svadhyaya (Self-study & Scripture Study)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Guru Bhakti (Reverence for Teacher)Shraddha (Faith / Reverence)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Indra mounts Airāvata and rides toward a boy who once measured the universe in three steps as Vāmana. He brings the wind-gods to a Person from whose breath the wind-gods were born. Every element of the attack is the Lord's own property turned against itself.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.8

↗
శ్రీశుక ఉవాచ ఇత్థం మఘవతాజ్ఞప్తా మేఘా నిర్ముక్తబన్ధనా: । నన్దగోకులమాసారై: పీడయామాసురోజసా ॥ ౮ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca
[shree-shuka uvaacha]
itthaṁ maghavatājñaptā
[ittham maghavataajnaptaa]
meghā nirmukta-bandhanāḥ
[meghaa nirmukta-bandhanaah]
nanda-gokulam āsāraiḥ
[nanda-gokulam aasaaraih]
pīḍayām āsur ojasā
[peedayaam aasur ojasaa]
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca — Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said ittham — in this manner maghavatā — by Indra ājñaptāḥ — ordered meghāḥ — the clouds nirmukta - bandhanāḥ — released from their bonds (although they were supposed to be kept in check until the time for the destruction of the world) nanda - gokulam — the cowherd pastures of Nanda Mahārāja āsāraiḥ — by great downpours of rain pīḍayām āsuḥ — they tormented ojasā — with all their power .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-śuka uvāca
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca
Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said
itthaṁ maghavatājñaptā
ittham
in this manner
maghavatā
by Indra
ājñaptāḥ
ordered
meghā nirmukta-bandhanāḥ
meghāḥ
the clouds
nirmukta - bandhanāḥ
released from their bonds (although they were supposed to be kept in check until the time for the destruction of the world)
nanda - gokulam
the cowherd pastures of Nanda Mahārāja
nanda-gokulam āsāraiḥ
āsāraiḥ
by great downpours of rain
pīḍayām āsur ojasā
pīḍayām āsuḥ
they tormented
ojasā
with all their power .
  • maghavatā — by Indra
    An old epithet of Indra — 'the bountiful one,' he who gives rain. The irony is etched into the name: the giver of rain becomes its weaponizer. Gauḍīyas note that misused dharma-function is itself the seed of one's fall.
  • nanda - gokulam — the cowherd pastures of Nanda Mahārāja
    gokula — 'the cow-community.' Nanda's gokula is in Gauḍīya theology the eternal abode of vātsalya-līlā; Kṛṣṇa's foster home is not a stage but a tattva. Attacking gokulam is attacking the Lord's most intimate dhāma.
  • nirmukta - bandhanāḥ — released from their bonds
    nirmukta (released) + bandhana (bondage). The clouds are slipped off the leash that normally restrains them until pralaya. The phrasing flags Indra's transgression as cosmic mismanagement, not just personal wrath.
  • pīḍayām āsuḥ — they tormented
    From √pīḍ — to press, oppress. The verb the Bhāgavata uses for the affliction of devotees (Prahlāda, Gajendra, the gopas). And the rule is invariant: the moment pīḍā falls on a devotee, Kṛṣṇa moves.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: On Indra’s order the clouds of universal destruction, released untimely from their bonds, went to the cowherd pastures of Nanda Mahārāja. There they began to torment the inhabitants by powerfully pouring down torrents of rain upon them.

The Sāṁvartaka clouds could cover the entire earth with a single vast ocean. With great strength, these clouds began flooding the simple land of Vraja.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: On Indra's order the clouds of universal destruction, released untimely from their bonds, went to the cowherd pastures of Nanda Mahārāja. There they began to torment the inhabitants by powerfully pouring down torrents of rain upon them.
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Ojasā means “with power.”

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

They tormented all of Vraja, with its herds of cows (gokulam). Ojasā means “with power or speed.”

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Sāṁvartaka clouds, unbound out of season, rush at Nanda's pastures with the full strength of dissolution. It is as if a man, angry at a single house, set fire to the city's gas mains — and the only one who can shut the valve is the small boy inside the house.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.9

↗
విద్యోతమానా విద్యుద్భ‍ి: స్తనన్త: స్తనయిత్నుభి: । తీవ్రైర్మరుద్గణైర్నున్నా వవృషుర్జలశర్కరా: ॥ ౯ ॥
vidyotamānā vidyudbhiḥ
[vidyotamaanaa vidyudbhih]
stanantaḥ stanayitnubhiḥ
[stanantah stanayitnubhih]
tīvrair marud-gaṇair nunnā
[teevrair marud-ganair nunnaa]
vavṛṣur jala-śarkarāḥ
[vavrishur jala-sharkaraah]
vidyotamānāḥ — being illuminated vidyudbhiḥ — by bolts of lightning stanantaḥ — roaring stanayitnubhiḥ — with thunder tīvraiḥ — fearsome marut - gaṇaiḥ — by the wind-gods nunnāḥ — propelled vavṛṣuḥ — they poured down jala - śarkarāḥ — hailstones .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
vidyotamānā vidyudbhiḥ
vidyotamānāḥ
being illuminated
vidyudbhiḥ
by bolts of lightning
stanantaḥ stanayitnubhiḥ
stanantaḥ
roaring
stanayitnubhiḥ
with thunder
tīvrair marud-gaṇair nunnā
tīvraiḥ
fearsome
marut - gaṇaiḥ
by the wind-gods
nunnāḥ
propelled
vavṛṣur jala-śarkarāḥ
vavṛṣuḥ
they poured down
jala - śarkarāḥ
hailstones .
  • vidyudbhiḥ — by bolts of lightning
    From √vid (to know, shine). Lightning — sudden, terrifying, revealing. In the līlā it sets off Kṛṣṇa's dark form for the gopīs; here it is bent into a weapon. Same element, opposite use.
  • stanayitnubhiḥ — by thunder
    From √stan (to roar, resound). The Vraja-poets use the same verb of the cow's affectionate lowing; Indra's clouds borrow the sound and weaponize it. The rasa-vocabulary itself is being attacked.
  • jala - śarkarāḥ — hailstones
    jala (water) + śarkarā (gravel, sugar-crystal). Frozen rain hurled as stones. The same water that nourishes Vraja's grass and the gopīs' kuṅkuma-mixed bath becomes weapon — a small parable of any energy untethered from Kṛṣṇa.
  • tīvraiḥ — fearsome
    From √tij — sharp, intense. The adjective accumulates with marut-gaṇa, vidyut, stanayitnu — the verse stacks intensifiers to mark this as no ordinary storm but a borrowed pralaya. Gauḍīya reading: the offender always over-reaches.
Propelled by the fearsome wind-gods, the clouds blazed with lightning bolts and roared with thunder as they hurled down hailstones.

Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī explains that the word marud-gaṇaiḥ indicates the seven great winds, such as Āvaha, who presides over the region of Bhuvarloka, and Pravaha, who holds the planets in their places.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Propelled by the fearsome wind-gods, the clouds blazed with lightning bolts and roared with thunder as they hurled down hailstones.
Commentary

Indra released those clouds capable of creating an ocean in the universe at the time of destruction. Losing his discrimination because of anger, he released the clouds not considering the proper amount. The clouds began to rumble with thunder (stanayitnubhih), and they were moved (nunna) here and there by the avaha and pravaha winds (marudganaih). The clouds began to pour down pellets of hail (jala sarkara).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

This verse shows the method of affliction. The clouds shone strongly (vi--dyotamānāḥ) with lightning. This indicates the frequency and terrifying nature of the lightning and thunder (stanayitnubhiḥ). The word tīvraiḥ (intense) modifies both the lightning and thunder. They showered water and hail.

Related values
Dana (Charity / Generosity)Prema (Divine Love)Guru Bhakti (Reverence for Teacher)Shraddha (Faith / Reverence)Achapalya (Steadiness / Non-fickleness)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Satya (Truthfulness)Daya (Compassion / Mercy)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Bhakti (Devotion)Discriminative WisdomSthitaprajna (Steady Wisdom)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

The clouds whip with lightning and thunder and hail, like a master overseer driving slaves — but the slaves they drive are the very elements Kṛṣṇa speaks of in Bg 7.4 as His separated energies. Every bolt of lightning is the Lord's borrowed light, turned briefly against His own home.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.10

↗
స్థూణాస్థూలా వర్షధారా ముఞ్చత్స్వభ్రేష్వభీక్ష్ణశ: । జలౌఘై: ప్లావ్యమానా భూర్నాద‍ృశ్యత నతోన్నతమ్ ॥ ౧౦ ॥
sthūṇā-sthūlā varṣa-dhārā
[sthoonaa-sthoolaa varsha-dhaaraa]
muñcatsv abhreṣv abhīkṣṇaśaḥ
[munchatsv abhreshv abheekshnashah]
jalaughaiḥ plāvyamānā bhūr
[jalaughaih plaavyamaanaa bhoor]
nādṛśyata natonnatam
[naadrishyata natonnatam]
sthūṇā — like columns sthūlāḥ — massive varsa - dhārāḥ — downpours of rain muñcatsu — releasing abhreṣu — the clouds abhīkṣṇaśaḥ — incessantly jala - oghaiḥ — by the flood of water plāvyamānā — being submerged bhūḥ — the earth na adṛśyata — could not be seen nataunnatam — low or high .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
sthūṇā-sthūlā varṣa-dhārā
sthūṇā
like columns
sthūlāḥ
massive
varsa - dhārāḥ
downpours of rain
muñcatsv abhreṣv abhīkṣṇaśaḥ
muñcatsu
releasing
abhreṣu
the clouds
abhīkṣṇaśaḥ
incessantly
jalaughaiḥ plāvyamānā bhūr
jala - oghaiḥ
by the flood of water
plāvyamānā
being submerged
bhūḥ
the earth
nādṛśyata natonnatam
na adṛśyata
could not be seen
nataunnatam
low or high .
  • varsa - dhārāḥ — downpours of rain
    varṣa (rain) + dhārā (stream). Continuous columns of water. The Bhāgavata uses dhārā elsewhere for the unbroken flow of nāma-saṅkīrtana and bhakti (premasya dhārā); here, weaponized — same word, opposite direction.
  • jala - oghaiḥ — by floods of water
    jala (water) + ogha (flood, current). The same ogha used in Gaṅgā-stotras for the flood of Kṛṣṇa-prema (cf. Cc. Antya 1, premāmbhodhi). Indra unleashes a destructive ogha; Kṛṣṇa will answer with the Govardhana-līlā that becomes the prema-ogha for centuries.
  • plāvyamānā — being submerged
    Passive participle of √plu — to float, flood. The earth is being drowned. The verb foreshadows the inverse līlā in chapter 28, where Nanda is rescued from Varuṇa's waters and the gopas glimpse Vaikuṇṭha — Bhagavān is the master of every plāvana.
  • nataunnatam — low or high
    natam (low) + unnatam (high). The verse erases the very distinction. Gauḍīya commentators read this as a foretaste of the rasa-truth that under the shelter of Kṛṣṇa's hand, all worldly hierarchies (varṇa-kula-dhana-vidyā) become invisible.
As the clouds released torrents of rain as thick as massive columns, the earth was submerged in the flood, and high ground could no longer be distinguished from low.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
As the clouds released torrents of rain as thick as massive columns, the earth was submerged in the flood, and high ground could no longer be distinguished from low.
Commentary

They began to pour down rain in sheets as broad as pillars, and flooded the earth in rain (abhresu). Because of this flood, one could not see the high and low areas on the earth.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

When the clouds released showers which were as broad as columns everywhere became (bhūḥ) flooded. Or, flooding, the earth (bhūḥ) with its high and low places could not be seen.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Rain falls in columns thick as temple pillars; the earth disappears under water; the categories of high and low are washed out. So too in Kali — the conditioned soul finds that every social marker on which it stood (caste, wealth, learning) dissolves, and only Govardhana stays visible.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.11

↗
అత్యాసారాతివాతేన పశవో జాతవేపనా: । గోపా గోప్యశ్చ శీతార్తా గోవిన్దం శరణం యయు: ॥ ౧౧ ॥
aty-āsārāti-vātena
[aty-aasaaraati-vaatena]
paśavo jāta-vepanāḥ
[pashavo jaata-vepanaah]
gopā gopyaś ca śītārtā
[gopaa gopyash cha sheetaartaa]
govindaṁ śaraṇaṁ yayuḥ
[govindam sharanam yayuh]
ati - āsāra — by the excessive rainfall ati - vātena — and the excessive wind paśavaḥ — the cows and other animals jāta - vepanāḥ — trembling gopāḥ — the cowherd men gopyaḥ — the cowherd ladies ca — also śīta — by the cold ārtāḥ — distressed govindam — to Lord Govinda śaraṇam — for shelter yayuḥ — they went .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
aty-āsārāti-vātena
ati - āsāra
by the excessive rainfall
ati - vātena
and the excessive wind
paśavo jāta-vepanāḥ
paśavaḥ
the cows and other animals
jāta - vepanāḥ
trembling
gopā gopyaś ca śītārtā
gopāḥ
the cowherd men
gopyaḥ
the cowherd ladies
ca
also
śīta
by the cold
ārtāḥ
distressed
govindaṁ śaraṇaṁ yayuḥ
govindam
to Lord Govinda
śaraṇam
for shelter
yayuḥ
they went .
  • govindam — to Lord Govinda
    go (cow, earth, senses) + vinda (one who finds, pleases). The name names exactly the function the moment requires — Govinda is by definition the protector of cows. The Brahma-saṁhitā opens with this name; here it walks into history.
  • śaraṇam — for shelter
    From √śri — to take refuge. The doctrinal heart of the chapter. Gauḍīya śaraṇāgati has six limbs (Hari-bhakti-vilāsa) — Vraja here performs all six in one move: trust, surrender of self, abandonment of other shelters, humility.
  • jāta - vepanāḥ — trembling
    jāta (arisen) + vepana (trembling). The first of the eight sāttvika-bhāvas in Rūpa Gosvāmī's catalogue. Even physical shivering in the storm bends, in Vraja, toward the rasa-shastra's vocabulary of ecstatic devotion.
  • ārtāḥ — distressed
    From √ṛ — afflicted. Bg 7.16 names the ārta as one of the four kinds who approach Kṛṣṇa. The gopas of Vraja, normally in śuddha-prema, approach as ārta only for the duration of one storm — a single rasa-shift Kṛṣṇa permits to display protection.
The cows and other animals, shivering from the excessive rain and wind, and the cowherd men and ladies, pained by the cold, all approached Lord Govinda for shelter.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The cows and other animals, shivering from the excessive rain and wind, and the cowherd men and ladies, pained by the cold, all approached Lord Govinda for shelter.
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The cows were shivering and afflicted with cold because they were outside. Since the cowherds were generally outside, they are mentioned next. Since the women were generally inside, they are mentioned last. All of this was arranged by the will of the Lord in order to enact the pastime of lifting Govardhana to increase the prema of the people of Vraja and to show that the cause was Indra’s pride. Otherwise the cows and people of Vraja could never suffer.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Prema (Divine Love)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

The cows tremble, the gopīs press cold hands to their faces, the gopas look at one another — and every body in Vraja moves the same direction: toward Govinda. Distress is the great convergence; when the storm hits, there is only one foot the village's eyes can find.

Gajendra at the lotus pond

When the elephant Gajendra was caught by the crocodile and his own strength failed, he raised a single lotus and cried out to Bhagavān. The Lord came running, cakra raised, without footwear.

The gopas here move the same way Gajendra did — distress strips strategy from the soul until only śaraṇāgati is left. Gauḍīyas read both episodes as proof that ārta-bhakti, when sincere, is never refused.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.12

↗
శిర: సుతాంశ్చ కాయేన ప్రచ్ఛాద్యాసారపీడితా: । వేపమానా భగవత: పాదమూలముపాయయు: ॥ ౧౨ ॥
śiraḥ sutāṁś ca kāyena
[shirah sutaamsh cha kaayena]
pracchādyāsāra-pīḍitāḥ
[prachchaadyaasaara-peeditaah]
vepamānā bhagavataḥ
[vepamaanaa bhagavatah]
pāda-mūlam upāyayuḥ
[paada-moolam upaayayuh]
śiraḥ — their heads sutān — their children ca — and kāyena — by their bodies pracchādya — covering āsāra - pīḍitāḥ — distressed by the rainfall vepamānāḥ — trembling bhagavataḥ — of the Supreme Personality of Godhead pāda - mūlam — the base of the lotus feet upāyayuḥ — they approached .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śiraḥ sutāṁś ca kāyena
śiraḥ
their heads
sutān
their children
ca
and
kāyena
by their bodies
pracchādyāsāra-pīḍitāḥ
pracchādya
covering
āsāra - pīḍitāḥ
distressed by the rainfall
vepamānā bhagavataḥ
vepamānāḥ
trembling
bhagavataḥ
of the Supreme Personality of Godhead
pāda-mūlam upāyayuḥ
pāda - mūlam
the base of the lotus feet
upāyayuḥ
they approached .
  • pāda - mūlam — the base of the lotus feet
    pāda (foot) + mūla (root, base). The exact phrase used in Vaiṣṇava stotras as the only safe refuge — pāda-mūlaṁ vinā kvāpi nāsti gatiḥ. The cows of Vraja perform without philosophy what the śāstras prescribe.
  • kāyena — by their bodies
    Instrumental of kāya. The cows' bodies become umbrellas for their calves — vātsalya in flesh. Gauḍīya rasa-shastra notes: the cow's love for the calf is the archetype on which Yaśodā's love for Kṛṣṇa is patterned.
  • sutān — their children (calves)
    Generic 'sons' — here calves. The verse refuses any sharp boundary between human and bovine parenthood in Vraja; vātsalya is one rasa whose body is shared by Yaśodā, Nanda, and every cow at the gate of the storm.
  • bhagavataḥ — of the Supreme Personality of Godhead
    From bhaga (six opulences). Used here at the precise moment when Kṛṣṇa is about to manifest aiśvarya within the heart of mādhurya. The cows approach pāda-mūla — and the next verses will show why bhagavān is the right title.
Trembling from the distress brought about by the severe rainfall, and trying to cover their heads and calves with their own bodies, the cows approached the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Trembling from the distress brought about by the severe rainfall, and trying to cover their heads and calves with their own bodies, the cows approached the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Commentary

The cows covered their heads and their calves with their bodies.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

With great effort they covered their heads and children. “How did their knowledge of doing this arise?” They developed this realization of compassion because of the inconceivable qualities in the Lord (bhagavataḥ). They came very close (upāyayuḥ) to Kṛṣṇa.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

With great effort they covered their heads and their children. Another version has prasādhya with the same meaning. They took shelter of Kṛṣṇa’s feet, approaching very close, out of affection and with a desire to protect him. This would reveal his unlimited powers in protecting his devotees and his affection for the miserable. Bhagavataḥ means “of the lord who is the object of great affection.”

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses

Cows shield their calves with their own bodies, water sluicing off their backs, and walk to Kṛṣṇa's lotus feet — not a herd but a procession. They have done before what philosophers spend lifetimes failing to do: place the calf they love at the Lord's feet, not in their own.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.13

↗
కృష్ణ కృష్ణ మహాభాగ త్వన్నాథం గోకులం ప్రభో । త్రాతుమర్హసి దేవాన్న: కుపితాద్ భక్తవత్సల ॥ ౧౩ ॥
kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa mahā-bhāga
[krishna krishna mahaa-bhaaga]
tvan-nāthaṁ gokulaṁ prabho
[tvan-naatham gokulam prabho]
trātum arhasi devān naḥ
[traatum arhasi devaan nah]
kupitād bhakta-vatsala
[kupitaad bhakta-vatsala]
kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa — O Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa mahā - bhaga — O all-fortunate one tvat - nātham — whose master is Yourself go - kulam — the community of cows prabho — O Lord trātum arhasi — kindly protect devāt — from the demigod Indra naḥ — us kupitāt — who is angry bhakta - vatsala — O You who are very affectionate to Your devotees .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa mahā-bhāga
kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa
O Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa
mahā - bhaga
O all-fortunate one
tvan-nāthaṁ gokulaṁ prabho
tvat - nātham
whose master is Yourself
go - kulam
the community of cows
prabho
O Lord
trātum arhasi devān naḥ
trātum arhasi
kindly protect
devāt
from the demigod Indra
naḥ
us
kupitād bhakta-vatsala
kupitāt
who is angry
bhakta - vatsala
O You who are very affectionate to Your devotees .
  • kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa — O Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa
    Doubled vocative. In Gauḍīya nāma-tattva, repetition is not redundancy — it is the soul refusing to leave the name. The doubled call is the literary form of śaraṇāgati.
  • bhakta - vatsala — O You who are affectionate to Your devotees
    bhakta + vatsala (loving as a cow loves its calf). The exact epithet that Kṛṣṇa cannot resist — Gauḍīyas hold that to call Him by this name is already to invoke the response. The gopas have used the Lord's vow against His own delay.
  • go - kulam — the community of cows
    go (cow) + kula (family). The petition specifies cows first, not selves — Vraja-style. The gopas know Govinda's heart begins with the cows; ask for them, and the rest follows.
  • trātum arhasi — kindly protect
    Infinitive of √trai + arhasi (You are fit to). A respectful imperative — the same construction Arjuna uses in Bg 2.7. Vraja's plea is grammatically the same as Arjuna's; only the rasa differs (vātsalya/sakhya in place of śiṣya).
[The cowherd men and women addressed the Lord:] Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa, O most fortunate one, please deliver the cows from the wrath of Indra! O Lord, You are so affectionate to Your devotees. Please save us also.

At the time of Lord Kṛṣṇa’s birth, Garga Muni had predicted, anena sarva-durgāṇi yūyam añjas tariṣyathā ( Bhāg. 10.8.16 ): “By His grace you will easily cross beyond all difficulties.” The residents of Vṛndāvana were confident that in such a great emergency Lord Śrī Nārāyaṇa would empower Kṛṣṇa to protect them. They accepted Kṛṣṇa as everything, and Kṛṣṇa reciprocated their love.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
[The cowherd men and women addressed the Lord:] Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa, O most fortunate one, please deliver the cows from the wrath of Indra! O Lord, You are so affectionate to Your devotees. Please save us also.
Commentary

Remembering the words of Gargamuni, "This child will deliver you from all dangers," the inhabitants had faith that at this time of great danger, Narayana would enter Krsna and protect them. With this conviction they pray in this verse. The word deva here refers to Indra.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

They repeat Kṛṣṇa’s name in order to attract him to their suffering. O most fortunate Kṛṣṇa, you are the highest form of fortune for us. You should protect our (naḥ) cows or our Vraja. Or, protect us from Indra. They do not mention Indra’s name out of hatred or thinking it sinful to utter his name. Or, you should save us who cannot counteract the anger of Indra. “What power do I have to do this?” O lord (prabho), you are endowed with all powers! We have seen you subdue Kāliya with your extraordinary powers. “But it is not proper to show one’s powers in front of devatās.” O lord, affectionate to the devotees! There is nothing that you will not do for your devotees.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

They repeated Kṛṣṇa’s name in order to attract him to their suffering, because of the cold, or because his name by its nature attracts the tongue. All suffering is destroyed merely by uttering that name. O most fortunate Kṛṣṇa, you are the highest form of fortune for us. This has been explained in the seventeenth chapter concerning the forest fire. Therefore you should protect our (naḥ) cows or our Vraja. Or, protect us from Indra. They do not mention Indra’s name out of hatred or thinking it sinful to utter his name. Or, you should save us who cannot counteract the anger of Indra. “What power do I have to do this?” O lord (prabho), you are endowed with all powers! We have seen you subdue Kāliya with your extraordinary powers. “But it is not proper to show one’s powers in front of devatās.” O lord, affectionate to the devotees! There is nothing that you will not do for your devotees. Previously they had requested Kṛṣna and Balarāma out of fear of the forest fire. Now they request only Kṛṣṇa. Only he could save them from this huge danger or they had most affection for him alone.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)
Related verses

The gopas call out 'Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa' twice — the way a child calls its mother, repeating the name until it is the only sound in the body. They name His epithet too: bhakta-vatsala, affectionate to His devotees. They have placed the question in a form whose answer is already inside the name.

Draupadī's cry of 'Govinda'

When Draupadī was being unrobed in the Kuru assembly, both hands raised in surrender, she called Kṛṣṇa's name across the kingdoms. Kṛṣṇa, then at Dvārakā, supplied an inexhaustible sari.

The gopas here repeat 'Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa' in the same register. The Gauḍīyas mark such double-naming as a signature of ārta-bhakti — when the soul has run out of plans, the Name doubles itself and arrives at the same time as the rescue.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.14

↗
శిలావర్షాతివాతేన హన్యమానమచేతనమ్ । నిరీక్ష్య భగవాన్ మేనే కుపితేన్ద్రకృతం హరి: ॥ ౧౪ ॥
śilā-varṣāti-vātena
[shilaa-varshaati-vaatena]
hanyamānam acetanam
[hanyamaanam achetanam]
nirīkṣya bhagavān mene
[nireekshya bhagavaan mene]
kupitendra-kṛtaṁ hariḥ
[kupitendra-kritam harih]
śilā — of (hail)stones varṣa — by the rain ati - vātena — and by the extreme wind hanyamānam — being attacked acetanam — unconscious nirīkṣya — seeing bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead mene — considered kupita — angry indra — by Indra kṛtam — done hariḥ — Lord Hari .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śilā-varṣāti-vātena
śilā
of (hail)stones
varṣa
by the rain
ati - vātena
and by the extreme wind
hanyamānam acetanam
hanyamānam
being attacked
acetanam
unconscious
nirīkṣya bhagavān mene
nirīkṣya
seeing
bhagavān
the Supreme Personality of Godhead
mene
considered
kupitendra-kṛtaṁ hariḥ
kupita
angry
indra
by Indra
kṛtam
done
hariḥ
Lord Hari .
  • bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead
    The title appears just as Kṛṣṇa moves from observer to actor. Gauḍīyas note the Bhāgavata's discipline: the word bhagavān is sprinkled at precisely the moments when the cowherd boy is about to perform aiśvarya from within mādhurya.
  • hariḥ — Lord Hari
    From √hṛ — He who takes away (sins, distress, the heart). The exact name needed here: hari literally means 'remover' and the next verses will see Him remove Vraja's distress by lifting Govardhana.
  • nirīkṣya — seeing
    From nir + √īkṣ — to look attentively, to perceive. Kṛṣṇa's glance is itself the first act of protection; in Brahma-saṁhitā 5.45 His glance is what gives existence to everything. Here, that glance simply marks: the storm is now His business.
  • acetanam — unconscious
    a + cetana (consciousness). Vraja is rendered without consciousness by Indra's blow — and Bhagavān is the only source of cetana to begin with (cf. Kaṭha 2.2.13, nityo nityānāṁ cetanaś cetanānām). The crisis is exactly His domain.
Seeing the inhabitants of His Gokula rendered practically unconscious by the onslaught of hail and blasting wind, the Supreme Lord Hari understood that this was the work of angry Indra.

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura explains that the severe distress Indra apparently inflicted upon the residents of Vṛndāvana was an arrangement made by Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s pastime potency to enhance the loving dealings between the residents and the Lord. The ācārya gives the analogy that for a hungry person, the pain of hunger increases the happiness he feels when he finally eats excellent food, and thus hunger can be said to enhance the pleasure of eating. Similarly, the residents of Vṛndāvana, although not experiencing ordinary, material anxiety, felt a type of distress at the activities of Indra and thus intensified their meditation on Kṛṣṇa. When the Lord finally acted, the result was wonderful.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Seeing the inhabitants of His Gokula rendered practically unconscious by the onslaught of hail and blasting wind, the Supreme Lord Hari understood that this was the work of angry Indra.
Commentary

Even before getting information that the rain was created by Indra, Krsna could understand that Indra was responsible. The difficulties of Krsna’s eternal devotees was manifest before him through the lilasakti for the purpose of tasting with complete satisfaction the sweetness of prema. It is like the hunger pangs when a person is very hungry. When one finally gets food and is satisfied, the hunger pangs are also a type of happiness.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The people were being beaten by strong winds loaded with rain and hail. Another version has śilā-varṣa-nipātena. Gokula became almost unconscious because of this. Kṛṣṇa surmised that it was the work of Indra.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Directly seeing (nirīkṣya) the people afflicted with fainting (acetanam), Kṛṣṇa understood (mene) since he is omniscient (bhagavān) and capable of destroying all faults and suffering (hariḥ). By lifting Govardhana he would destroy Indra’s pride and destroy the people’s suffering.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Prema (Divine Love)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Svadhyaya (Self-study & Scripture Study)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Kṛṣṇa looks at His own people — unconscious, hammered by hail and wind — and recognizes the storm's signature. The same boy who heard Pūtanā's milk over His mother's lullaby reads weather like a letter; the hand that wrote this letter is His to answer.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.15

↗
అపర్త్వత్యుల్బణం వర్షమతివాతం శిలామయమ్ । స్వయాగే విహతేఽస్మాభిరిన్ద్రో నాశాయ వర్షతి ॥ ౧౫ ॥
apartv aty-ulbaṇaṁ varṣam
[apartv aty-ulbanam varsham]
ati-vātaṁ śilā-mayam
[ati-vaatam shilaa-mayam]
sva-yāge vihate ’smābhir
[sva-yaage vihate ’smaabhir]
indro nāśāya varṣati
[indro naashaaya varshati]
apa - ṛtu — out of season ati - ulbaṇam — unusually fierce varṣam — rain ati - vātam — accompanied by great wind śilā - mayam — full of hailstones sva - yage — his sacrifice vihate — having been stopped asmābhiḥ — by Ourselves indraḥ — King Indra nāśāya — for destruction varṣati — is raining .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
apartv aty-ulbaṇaṁ varṣam
apa - ṛtu
out of season
ati - ulbaṇam
unusually fierce
varṣam
rain
ati-vātaṁ śilā-mayam
ati - vātam
accompanied by great wind
śilā - mayam
full of hailstones
sva-yāge vihate ’smābhir
sva - yage
his sacrifice
vihate
having been stopped
indro nāśāya varṣati
asmābhiḥ
by Ourselves
indraḥ
King Indra
nāśāya
for destruction
varṣati
is raining .
  • apa - ṛtu — out of season
    apa (away from) + ṛtu (season). The marker that this is not nature but transgression. Ṛtu in Vedic order is dharmic; apa-ṛtu is adharma. Kṛṣṇa's diagnosis identifies the storm as ontologically misplaced.
  • asmābhiḥ — by Ourselves
    Instrumental plural — the royal 'We.' Kṛṣṇa accepts authorship of stopping Indra's yajña (chapter 24); the līlā unfolds from that acknowledged act. Gauḍīyas note: He never disowns His provocations, because each is medicine for someone's pride.
  • nāśāya — for destruction
    Dative of nāśa (destruction). Indra's intent is destruction — Kṛṣṇa speaks Indra's purpose without softening it. The rasa-grammar of the verse is calm clarity; the cowherd boy speaks like a king who has already decided.
  • varṣati — is raining
    Present indicative of √vṛṣ. Indra, whose name as Parjanya is the rain itself, is now described by the very verb he embodies — and bent against Vraja. The grammar shows the offender consumed by his own function.
[Śrī Kṛṣṇa said to Himself:] Because We have stopped his sacrifice, Indra has caused this unusually fierce, unseasonable rain, together with terrible winds and hail.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
[Śrī Kṛṣṇa said to Himself:] Because We have stopped his sacrifice, Indra has caused this unusually fierce, unseasonable rain, together with terrible winds and hail.
Commentary

Understanding that it was Indra’s work, Krsna spoke to them in five verses. The excessive hail (silamayam) was unseasonal, belonging to a season already passed.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Kṛṣṇa then thinks to himself in great anger in five verses. The verses will be explained separately. Varṣam varṣati (he rained rained) is like tapas tapati. The plural indicates that Nanda and others as well as Kṛṣṇa stopped the sacrifice or it can indicate a show of boldness in Kṛṣṇa in order to break Indra’s pride. Indra pours down rain to destroy Gokula. However he pours rain actually to destroy his own pride.

Related values
Dana (Charity / Generosity)Dhriti (Resilience / Steadfastness / Fortitude)Shaucha (Cleanliness / Purity)Svadhyaya (Self-study & Scripture Study)Shraddha (Faith / Reverence)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Nishkama Karma (Selfless Action)Seva (Service / Selfless Action)Brahmacharya (Self-discipline / Restraint)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)Yajña (Sacrifice / Spirit of Offering)
Related verses
Concepts
JivaTapas

Kṛṣṇa names the cause out loud, as a physician names the disease before treating it. 'This is Indra's work — out-of-season, fierce, full of stones.' Naming is half the cure: it strips the storm of its disguise as nature and reveals it as an offended ego's tantrum.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.16

↗
తత్ర ప్రతివిధిం సమ్యగాత్మయోగేన సాధయే । లోకేశమానినాం మౌఢ్యాద్ధనిష్యే శ్రీమదం తమ: ॥ ౧౬ ॥
tatra pratividhiṁ samyag
[tatra pratividhim samyag]
ātma-yogena sādhaye
[aatma-yogena saadhaye]
lokeśa-mānināṁ mauḍhyād
[lokesha-maaninaam maudhyaad]
dhaniṣye śrī-madaṁ tamaḥ
[dhanishye shree-madam tamah]
tatra — in that regard prati - vidhim — counteracting measures samyak — properly ātma - yogena — by My mystic power sādhaye — I shall arrange loka - īśa — lords of the world māninām — of those who falsely consider themselves mauḍhyāt — out of foolishness haniṣye — I shall defeat śrī - madam — their pride in opulence tamaḥ — the ignorance .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tatra pratividhiṁ samyag
tatra
in that regard
prati - vidhim
counteracting measures
samyak
properly
ātma-yogena sādhaye
ātma - yogena
by My mystic power
sādhaye
I shall arrange
lokeśa-mānināṁ mauḍhyād
loka - īśa
lords of the world
māninām
of those who falsely consider themselves
mauḍhyāt
out of foolishness
dhaniṣye śrī-madaṁ tamaḥ
haniṣye
I shall defeat
śrī - madam
their pride in opulence
tamaḥ
the ignorance .
  • ātma - yogena — by My mystic power
    ātma (self, own) + yoga (mystic union, power). Not borrowed śakti — Kṛṣṇa's own personal potency. Gauḍīyas read ātma-yoga as svarūpa-śakti, the Lord's intrinsic energy by which the līlās of Vraja unfold.
  • loka - īśa - māninām — of those who falsely consider themselves lords of the world
    loka-īśa (world-lord) + mānin (one who imagines). The exact disease being treated — devatās who confuse delegated rule for sovereignty. Bg 9.23 also addresses such worship at lower stations. The whole chapter is medicine for this single condition.
  • mauḍhyāt — out of foolishness
    From mūḍha (deluded). Indra's offense is not malice but mauḍhya — confusion about identity. Gauḍīya tone: most aparādhas arise from mauḍhya, and Kṛṣṇa's response is corrective, not vengeful.
  • haniṣye — I shall defeat
    Future of √han. Kṛṣṇa announces a destruction — but the object is śrī-madam (pride in opulence), not Indra himself. Gauḍīya reading: the Lord kills the disease and saves the patient. This is the rule of every līlā.
By My mystic power I will completely counteract this disturbance caused by Indra. Demigods like Indra are proud of their opulence, and out of foolishness they falsely consider themselves the Lord of the universe. I will now destroy such ignorance.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
By My mystic power I will completely counteract this disturbance caused by Indra. Demigods like Indra are proud of their opulence, and out of foolishness they falsely consider themselves the Lord of the universe. I will now destroy such ignorance.
Commentary

I will remedy the situation through my yogamaya potency (atam yoga). I will remove this false pride in power, in the mode of ignorance, by which they think of themselves as Lords. This verse refers not only to Indra but also the vayu and others who assisted him.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

I will counteract this completely—by showing the glory of Govardhana while giving happiness to all. The present tense is used for the near future. I will do this by my yoga-māyā, my natural energy. I will destroy pride in wealth of the controllers of planets arising from foolishness. The plural is used (lokeśa-māninām) to indicate that by punishing Indra he would teach other leaders.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

I will counteract this completely—by showing the glory of Govardhana while giving happiness to all. The present tense is used for the near future. In verse 18 Kṛṣṇa vows to protect his devotees. I will destroy the pride in wealth arising from foolishness of those who (each one of them) think that he is the lord of the world. I will do this by my own method, lifting Govardhana as a pastime.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses

Kṛṣṇa announces: by My ātma-yoga I will counteract this. Not by levying war on Indra, not by counter-clouds — by His personal mystic power, which is intimate, not military. The medicine for inflated devatā-māna is not punishment but a small boy lifting a mountain with one finger.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.17

↗
న హి సద్భ‍ావయుక్తానాం సురాణామీశవిస్మయ: । మత్తోఽసతాం మానభఙ్గ: ప్రశమాయోపకల్పతే ॥ ౧౭ ॥
na hi sad-bhāva-yuktānāṁ
[na hi sad-bhaava-yuktaanaam]
surāṇām īśa-vismayaḥ
[suraanaam eesha-vismayah]
matto ’satāṁ māna-bhaṅgaḥ
[matto ’sataam maana-bhangah]
praśamāyopakalpate
[prashamaayopakalpate]
na — not hi — certainly sat - bhāva — with the mode of goodness yuktānām — who are endowed surāṇām — of the demigods īśa — as controlling lords vismayaḥ — false identification mattaḥ — by Me asatām — of the impure māna — of the false prestige bhaṅgaḥ — the eradication praśamāya — for relieving them upakalpate — is intended .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
na hi sad-bhāva-yuktānāṁ
na
not
hi
certainly
sat - bhāva
with the mode of goodness
yuktānām
who are endowed
surāṇām īśa-vismayaḥ
surāṇām
of the demigods
īśa
as controlling lords
vismayaḥ
false identification
matto ’satāṁ māna-bhaṅgaḥ
mattaḥ
by Me
praśamāyopakalpate
asatām
of the impure
māna
of the false prestige
bhaṅgaḥ
the eradication
praśamāya
for relieving them
upakalpate
is intended .
  • sat - bhāva — with the mode of goodness
    sat (goodness, being) + bhāva (state, mood). The demigods' constitutional position is sattva-yukta. Kṛṣṇa names what Indra should be — diagnosis by contrast. The Gauḍīya reading: even devatās fall when sattva slips into rajas-tinged self-worship.
  • vismayaḥ — false identification
    From vi + √smṛ — disturbed memory; false self-recognition. The verse's clinical name for īśa-māna: a memory-failure about one's own constitutional position. Bhakti is, in part, the recovery of accurate self-memory.
  • māna - bhaṅgaḥ — the breaking of false prestige
    māna (pride, prestige) + bhaṅga (breaking). The technical name for the surgery Kṛṣṇa is about to perform. In Gauḍīya literature, māna-bhaṅga also names the dramatic moments when the gopīs' pride is broken — the same verb, different rasa.
  • praśamāya — for relieving them
    Dative of praśama — pacification, relief. Kṛṣṇa explicitly states the purpose of breaking pride: not punishment but praśama — the cooling of an inflamed soul. Every Bhāgavata punishment is a benediction.
Since the demigods are endowed with the mode of goodness, the false pride of considering oneself the Lord should certainly not affect them. When I break the false prestige of those bereft of goodness, My purpose is to bring them relief.

The demigods are supposed to be sad-bhāva-yukta, endowed with spiritual existence, since they are deputed servants of the Supreme Lord. In the Bhagavad-gītā (4.24) it is stated: brahmārpaṇaṁ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam brahmaiva tena gantavyaṁ brahma-karma-samādhinā “That which is duly offered to the Lord becomes spiritualized.” The demigods engage in the devotional service of the Lord by managing various departments of cosmic administration. Therefore as demigods, or as servants of the Lord, their existence is pure ( sad-bhāva ). When the demigods fail to live up to the high position given them by the Lord and deviate from proper behavior, they are not acting as demigods but rather as conditioned souls. Māna, or false prestige, is certainly an anxiety-ridden burden for the conditioned soul. A falsely proud person is not truly peaceful or satisfied, because his understanding of himself is false and inflated. When a servant of the Lord becomes asat, or irreligious, the Lord saves him from impiety by breaking the false prestige that has led him to be offensive or sinful. As stated by the Lord Himself, yasyāham anugṛhṇāmi hariṣye tad-dhanaṁ śanaiḥ : “I give My blessings to a person by taking away his so-called opulence.” Of course, the advanced stage of devotional service to the Lord, as described by Rūpa Gosvāmī, is yukta-vairāgya, utilizing the opulence of this world to execute the Lord’s mission. Obviously the things of this world can be used wonderfully to spread the glories of God and to create a godly society, and a more advanced devotee will not be seduced by material paraphernalia but will dutifully and honestly engage it solely for the pleasure of the Lord. In this particular case, Lord Indra forgot that he was a humble servant of God, and Lord Kṛṣṇa therefore arranged to bring this bewildered demigod to his senses.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Since the demigods are endowed with the mode of goodness, the false pride of considering oneself the Lord should certainly not affect them. When I break the false prestige of those bereft of goodness, My purpose is to bring them relief.
Commentary

Out of spite I will not completely crush this weak INdra, but I will correct this fault which has arisen in my devotee. With this intention he speaks this verse.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

I will break the pride of those who do evil actions out of pride to create auspiciousness. The devatās, in sattva, should not have great pride in thinking they are lords. Or, because (hi) pride in thinking themselves the lord is not suitable, since they are endowed with respect for me, I will create auspiciousness for them. Breaking their pride I will create auspiciousness-- since they have sentiments for me even though they are intoxicated with pride. No one else can do this. It can be accomplished by a manifestation of my powers.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Brahmacharya (Self-discipline / Restraint)
Related verses
Concepts
Vairagya

The demigods are sattva-yukta — they should not have caught this disease. When sattva develops the pimple of īśa-māna, Kṛṣṇa lances it not to harm the demigod but to restore the original goodness. The lifting of the hill is, for Indra, a surgery he asked for by getting sick.

Brahmā's bewilderment in chapter 13

Earlier in Canto 10, Brahmā stole the calves and boys to test Kṛṣṇa's identity. Kṛṣṇa replied not by anger but by becoming all the boys and calves Himself for a year; Brahmā, on returning, surrendered in prayer.

Indra's case is the same medicine in a different dose: the demigod's pride is broken precisely so the demigod's sattva can recover. Gauḍīyas read both chapters as Kṛṣṇa's pedagogy for upper-region pride.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.18

↗
తస్మాన్మచ్ఛరణం గోష్ఠం మన్నాథం మత్పరిగ్రహమ్ । గోపాయే స్వాత్మయోగేన సోఽయం మే వ్రత ఆహిత: ॥ ౧౮ ॥
tasmān mac-charaṇaṁ goṣṭhaṁ
[tasmaan mach-charanam goshtham]
man-nāthaṁ mat-parigraham
[man-naatham mat-parigraham]
gopāye svātma-yogena
[gopaaye svaatma-yogena]
so ’yaṁ me vrata āhitaḥ
[so ’yam me vrata aahitah]
tasmāt — therefore mat - śaraṇam — having taken shelter of Me goṣṭham — the cowherd community mat - nātham — who have Me as their master mat - parigraham — My own family gopāye — I shall protect sva - ātma - yogena — by My personal mystic power saḥ ayam — this me — by Me vrataḥ — vow āhitaḥ — has been taken .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tasmān mac-charaṇaṁ goṣṭhaṁ
tasmāt
therefore
mat - śaraṇam
having taken shelter of Me
goṣṭham
the cowherd community
man-nāthaṁ mat-parigraham
mat - nātham
who have Me as their master
mat - parigraham
My own family
gopāye svātma-yogena
gopāye
I shall protect
sva - ātma - yogena
by My personal mystic power
saḥ ayam
this
so ’yaṁ me vrata āhitaḥ
me
by Me
vrataḥ
vow
āhitaḥ
has been taken .
  • mat - śaraṇam — having taken shelter of Me
    mat (My, Me) + śaraṇa (shelter). Kṛṣṇa labels Vraja by their śaraṇāgati. Gauḍīya doctrine: once the soul takes śaraṇa, the protection is no longer the soul's project; it becomes Kṛṣṇa's vrata.
  • mat - nātham — who have Me as their master
    mat + nātha (lord, husband, protector). The same word Indra resented in verse 1 (kṛṣṇa-nāthebhyaḥ) — Kṛṣṇa now claims the title back, in His own voice. The chapter closes its loop: what offended Indra is what Kṛṣṇa avows.
  • mat - parigraham — My own family
    mat + parigraha (that which one accepts, family, possession). Stronger than 'devotees' — Kṛṣṇa names Vraja as His own household. In Gauḍīya rasa-theory, this is the vātsalya- and sakhya-bond declared by Bhagavān's own mouth.
  • vrataḥ — vow
    From √vṛ — to choose, vow. Kṛṣṇa's protection of devotees is a vrata — chosen, declared, unbreakable. This is the same vrata Bhagavān announces in Bg 9.31 (kaunteya pratijānīhi); the līlā materializes the verse.
I must therefore protect the cowherd community by My transcendental potency, for I am their shelter, I am their master, and indeed they are My own family. After all, I have taken a vow to protect My devotees.

The word mac-charaṇam indicates not only that Lord Kṛṣṇa was the sole shelter for the vraja-jana, the people of Vṛndāvana, but also that Lord Kṛṣṇa had established His home among them. Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura quotes from the Anekārtha-varga dictionary, śaraṇaṁ gṛha-rakṣitroḥ : “The word śaraṇam can represent either home or protector.” The residents of Vṛndāvana adopted Kṛṣṇa as their beloved child, friend, lover and life itself, and the Lord reciprocated their feelings. Thus Śrī Kṛṣṇa lived among these fortunate people, moving in their houses and fields; naturally He would protect such intimate devotees from all types of danger.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
I must therefore protect the cowherd community by My transcendental potency, for I am their shelter, I am their master, and indeed they are My own family. After all, I have taken a vow to protect My devotees.
Commentary

Because this disturbance has been created by Indra (tasmat), I will protect Vraja (gostham). Vraja is my home (mat saranam), and I am the master of the house (mat natha). It is the place where my father, brother and dear ones live (mat parigraham.). Not only will I protect these people from this disturbance, but I protect all people even at the time of mahapralaya. To indicate this, Krsna says, "I have accepted this vow."

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Since Indra is pouring rain to destroy my father and others (included in the word asmabhiḥ in verse 15), who are non-different from me, I will now take countermeasures for that, and at the same time will take away the ignorance of these controllers of planets. This is proper. Therefore I will immediately protect this village through my natural, extraordinary power (ātma-yogena). Not only now will I protect. This protection is eternally accomplished. It is my vow or rule to protect this community. This village is protected by me (mac-charaṇam) since I am the master of this village (man-nātham). It should be protected like my family even by criminal means (parigraham). vṛddhau ca mātāpitarau sādhvī bhāryā sutaḥ śiśuḥ apy akārya-śataṁ kṛtvā bhartavyā manur abravīt Manu has said that the elders, mother, father, chaste wife, sons and children should be protected even by criminal means. Or, the village has taken shelter of me and should be protected by me because I am everything to them. They love only me. Therefore I will protect them. The present tense is used shows that it is his nature to protect them. I will protect them by his natural power (ātma-yogena). Though this is eternally accomplished, it now will be enacted. The reason is given. I have made this promise (vratam) as the Lord with eternal human pastimes. I should break the pride of Indra in order to protect the people of Vraja since Indra has the tendency to oppose the cowherds surrendered to me and is not inclined to surrender.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

This village is protected by me (mac-charaṇam) since I am the master of this village (man-nātham). It should be protected like my family even by criminal means (parigraham). Or, the village has taken shelter of me and should be protected by me because I am everything to them. They love only me. Therefore I will protect them since they are mine (sva). Or I will protect them by my special śakti (ātma-yogena) which is beautiful (su), composed of human pastimes and special powers. Why special powers should be revealed? This is my vow. Those who once surrender are mine. That is my vow. I cannot break it. Or I have made this strong promise. To comfort the cowherds he speaks with great courage and pride.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)
Related verses

Kṛṣṇa speaks the words that have echoed through every age — they are My family, I am their shelter, I have taken a vow. The grammar of protection is here said aloud: mat-śaraṇam, mat-nātham, mat-parigraham. Three times 'mine,' and a vow that the universe cannot revoke.

Prahlāda and the iron pillar

When Hiraṇyakaśipu demanded to know whether Viṣṇu was in the pillar, Prahlāda had already said: He is everywhere. Bhagavān cracked open the column as Nṛsiṁha and ended the offender — the vow to protect His devotee outranked any cosmic regularity.

Kṛṣṇa here uses the same vocabulary — mat-parigraham, My own — and the same vow. Govardhana will leave the ground for the same reason the pillar split open.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.19

↗
ఇత్యుక్త్వైకేన హస్తేన కృత్వా గోవర్ధనాచలమ్ । దధార లీలయా విష్ణుశ్ఛత్రాకమివ బాలక: ॥ ౧౯ ॥
ity uktvaikena hastena
[ity uktvaikena hastena]
kṛtvā govardhanācalam
[kritvaa govardhanaachalam]
dadhāra līlayā viṣṇuś
[dadhaara leelayaa vishnush]
chatrākam iva bālakaḥ
[chatraakam iva baalakah]
iti — thus uktvā — having spoken ekena — with one hastena — hand kṛtvā — taking govardhana - acalam — Govardhana Hill dadhāra — He held it līlayā — very easily viṣṇuḥ — Lord Viṣṇu chatrākam — a mushroom iva — just as bālakaḥ — a child .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
ity uktvaikena hastena
iti
thus
uktvā
having spoken
ekena
with one
hastena
hand
kṛtvā govardhanācalam
kṛtvā
taking
govardhana - acalam
Govardhana Hill
dadhāra līlayā viṣṇuś
dadhāra
He held it
līlayā
very easily
viṣṇuḥ
Lord Viṣṇu
chatrākam iva bālakaḥ
chatrākam
a mushroom
iva
just as
bālakaḥ
a child .
  • govardhana - acalam — Govardhana Hill
    go (cows) + vardhana (nourishing) + acala (mountain, immovable). The mountain whose name means 'cow-increaser.' Gauḍīyas hold Govardhana as haridāsa-varya — the foremost servant of Hari, non-different from the Lord in tattva.
  • ekena hastena — with one hand
    eka (one) + hasta (hand). The detail is doctrinal — not two hands, not effort, one hand. The exhibition of aiśvarya is precisely calibrated to be unmistakable to Indra while remaining a child's gesture to Vraja.
  • līlayā — very easily / as play
    From √līl — to play. The Bhāgavata's signature word. Bhagavān's most cosmic acts are līlā; no strain, no purpose outside themselves. The boy lifts the hill the way another child lifts a mushroom — same verb, same effort, different scale.
  • chatrākam — a mushroom
    Literally 'mushroom' or 'umbrella' (from chatra — umbrella). The simile collapses the cosmic into the domestic: a hill becomes a household object. The Gauḍīyas hear the second meaning too — chatra, the royal umbrella — Kṛṣṇa has just given Vraja its rightful canopy.
Having said this, Lord Kṛṣṇa, who is Viṣṇu Himself, picked up Govardhana Hill with one hand and held it aloft just as easily as a child holds up a mushroom.

It is confirmed in the Hari-vaṁśa that Śrī Kṛṣṇa picked up the Govardhana Mountain with His left hand: sa dhṛtaḥ saṅgato meghair giriḥ savyena pāṇinā. “With His left hand He picked up that mountain, which was touching the clouds.” According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, when Lord Kṛṣṇa was preparing to lift Govardhana Hill, a partial expansion of His Yoga-māyā potency named Saṁhārikī temporarily removed all the rain from the sky so that as He ran very swiftly from the porch of His house to the mountain, neither His turban nor other garments became wet.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Having said this, Lord Kṛṣṇa, who is Viṣṇu Himself, picked up Govardhana Hill with one hand and held it aloft just as easily as a child holds up a mushroom.
Commentary

Saying this to himself, with one hand, his left hand, he lifted the mountain. Harivamsa mentions the left hand: He lifted govardhana with his left hand, blocking the clouds and beneath the mountain created a living space in the form of a house. He held it very easily, like holding up a mushroom. When Krsna merely desired to lift Govardhana, his samharika sakti (destructive energy) arising from yoga maya sakti, cleared the rain from the sky to the extent that when Krsna ran from the veranda of his house to lift Govardhana his clothing and turban did not get very wet.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

It should be understood that he had brought everyone near Govardhana when the huge clouds first appeared. He raised the hill with his left hand according to Hari-vaṁśa. He lifted it from the base. One can see the split just north of Mānasa-gaṅgā. teṣāṁ saṁrakṣaṇārthāya dhrṭo girivaro mayā so ‘nnakūṭa iti khyātaḥ sarvataḥ śakra-pūjitaḥ I held up Govardhana in order to protect them. The mountain is known as a hill of food and is worshipped by Indra with devotion. The word acalam (mountain) also indicates that the mountain did not move. He lifted the hill with ease. Or, he had his right hand on his waist. This is seen in some ancient deity forms. He held up the mountain like a mushroom. This shows that he did not go beyond the pastimes of his bālya period. “How could a small child hold up a mountain?” He was Viṣṇu, most powerful in that form because of his inconceivable energy. Some versions have Kṛṣṇa instead of Viṣṇu. The meaning is the same. This is also mentioned in Viṣṇu-sahasra-nāma. Anirdeśyavapuḥ śrīmān ameyatmā mahādri-dhrk: he has an indescribable body, he is endowed with all wealth; he is immeasurable; he held up a huge mountain. According to his desire, he held the mountain high in the sky. Vaiśampāyana says sa dhṛtaḥ saṅgato meghaiḥ: he held the mountain so that it touched the clouds. āpluto ‘yaṁ giriḥ pakśair iti vidyādharoragāḥ gandharvāpsarasaś caiva vāco muṣcanta sarvaśaḥ The mountain rose up with wings. The Vidyādharas, Uragas, Gandharvas and Apsarās began praising it. The mountain touched the clouds as a pastime. He did this in order that all of Vraja could see easily, in order to exhibit Govardhana’s great beauty and in order that he could hold it easily. When he raised the mountain, a large stone separated from the middle of lower portion of the hill and became situated in the middle of the hole. Kṛṣṇa climbed on that stone and, fixing the lower and middle portions of the mountain in his left hand, he held it up comfortably. Water was prevented from coming under the mountain by the līlā-śakti. Hari-vaṁśa says: sa dhṛtaḥ saṅgato megahir giriḥ savyena pāṇinā gṛha-bhāvaṁ gatas tatra grḥākāreṇa varcasā He held the mountain up to the clouds with his left hand. It became like a dwelling, with the form of a splendid house. He held the mountain in his left hand to make the people happy with the understanding that it was not tiring, since they were only interested in his happiness with no regard for their own lives. Otherwise they would all die because of great sorrow. This should be understood in connection with other pastimes also.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

He lifted the hill with ease with his left hand, according to Hari-vaṁśa. This is also seen in deity forms. Govardhana is mentioned directly, being famous among great mountains, or to explain that it was beneficial to the cows. It did not move at all (acalam). He did this easily (līlayā). Or, he had his right hand on his waist since he was a child (bālakaḥ), still young, Nanda-kumāra. And he was Viṣṇu. This shows that he did not go beyond the pastimes of his bālya period. This is seen in some ancient deity forms. He held up the mountain like a mushroom. This shows that he did not go beyond the pastimes of his bālya period, being absorbed in those pastimes. Since he pervades the universe (viṣṇuḥ), there was no effort in doing this. Or he was like child who holds up a mushroom, grasping its stem. Similarly he held one portion of Govardhana and the whole mountain was easily lifted. Vaiśampāyana says sa dhṛtaḥ saṅgato meghaiḥ: he held the mountain so that it touched the clouds. āpluto ‘yaṁ giriḥ pakśair iti vidyādharoragāḥ gandharvāpsarasaś caiva vāco muṣcanta sarvaśaḥ The mountain rose up with wings. The Vidyādharas, Uragas, Gandharvas and Apsarās began praising it The wings are mentioned because otherwise he could not lift the mountain with his tender hands. The peak touched the clouds as part of his play. He held the mountain in his left hand to make the people happy with the understanding that it was not tiring, since they were only interested in his happiness with no regard for their own lives. Otherwise they would all die because of great sorrow. Or though he was small in size he became comparable to Govardhana. Elsewhere also he could modify his form according to the situation.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)
Related verses
Stories
saurya_epic_primary

Govardhana rises into the air on a child's finger and stays there. The hill that Vraja has just been worshipping as Bhagavān's own form is lifted by Bhagavān Himself — like a child cradling a mushroom — and the whole village suddenly understands that the boy and the hill are one rasa with two bodies.

Hanumān carrying the mountain

When Lakṣmaṇa fell unconscious on the battlefield, Hanumān flew north and brought back an entire mountain because he could not be sure which herb was the saṅjīvanī. Mountains move in Bhagavān's service, in every age.

Indra's clouds expect mountains to be passive ground. Hanumān and Govardhana belong to a different physics — one in which the inanimate is animated by the Lord's purpose at the moment He requires.

Caitanya's tears at Govardhana

Centuries later, Śrī Caitanya, on pilgrimage through Vraja, would refuse to step on Govardhana — bowing from a distance because the hill is non-different from Hari. Raghunātha dāsa Gosvāmī accepted only a Govardhana-śilā as his iṣṭa-deva.

The Gauḍīya reading of this verse is established by them: Govardhana is not a stage prop for the līlā. It is haridāsa-varya, the best of Hari's servants, lifting and being lifted by the same Lord.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.20

↗
అథాహ భగవాన్ గోపాన్హేఽమ్బ తాత వ్రజౌకస: । యథోపజోషం విశత గిరిగర్తం సగోధనా: ॥ ౨౦ ॥
athāha bhagavān gopān
[athaaha bhagavaan gopaan]
he ’mba tāta vrajaukasaḥ
[he ’mba taata vrajaukasah]
yathopajoṣaṁ viśata
[yathopajosham vishata]
giri-gartaṁ sa-go-dhanāḥ
[giri-gartam sa-go-dhanaah]
atha — then āha — addressed bhagavān — the Supreme Lord gopān — the cowherds he — O amba — mother tāta — O father vraja - okasaḥ — O residents of Vraja yathā - upajoṣam — as suits your pleasure viśata — please enter giri — this hill gartam — the empty space below sa - godhanāḥ — together with your cows .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
athāha bhagavān gopān
atha
then
āha
addressed
bhagavān
the Supreme Lord
gopān
the cowherds
he ’mba tāta vrajaukasaḥ
he
O
yathopajoṣaṁ viśata
amba
mother
tāta
O father
vraja - okasaḥ
O residents of Vraja
yathā - upajoṣam
as suits your pleasure
viśata
please enter
giri-gartaṁ sa-go-dhanāḥ
giri
this hill
gartam
the empty space below
sa - godhanāḥ
together with your cows .
  • amba — O mother
    Vocative of ambā (mother). In Gauḍīya rasa-theory, Kṛṣṇa's addressing Yaśodā as 'amba' even while performing aiśvarya is the diagnostic of vātsalya-mādhurya: the rasa never breaks even at the height of opulence.
  • tāta — O father
    Vocative — affectionate form of address to father (Nanda) and to elders generally. Kṛṣṇa lifts a mountain and in the same breath calls Nanda 'tāta.' The juxtaposition is the chapter's whole tattva in two words.
  • vraja - okasaḥ — O residents of Vraja
    vraja + okas (dweller). What Indra used as insult (kānana-okasām, v. 3) Kṛṣṇa uses as endearment. The same word in different mouths becomes either contempt or invitation.
  • yathā - upajoṣam — as suits your pleasure
    yathā (according to) + upajoṣa (pleasure, comfort). Even at the climax of protection, Kṛṣṇa gives Vraja the courtesy of choice. The Gauḍīya note: Bhagavān's rakṣaṇa never overrides the devotee's agency.
The Lord then addressed the cowherd community: O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja, if you wish you may now come under this hill with your cows.

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura provides the following insight in this regard: Ordinarily a large cowherd community, which included many thousands of cows, calves, bulls and so on, could not fit under the base of a medium-sized hill like Śrī Govardhana. However, because the hill was in ecstasy, being touched by the hand of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, it acquired inconceivable power and even felt the hundreds of deadly thunderbolts thrown upon its back by angry Indra to be offerings of soft, fragrant flowers. At times Śrī Govardhana was not even aware that the thunderbolts were striking. From the Hari-vaṁśa the ācārya has also quoted Śrī Kṛṣṇa Himself as saying, trai-lokyam apy utsahate rakṣituṁ kiṁ punar vrajam : “Śrī Govardhana can give shelter to all the three worlds, what to speak of the simple land of Vraja.” When Indra’s attack began and Kṛṣṇa lifted the hill, the deer, wild hogs, and other animals and birds standing on the hill’s flanks climbed up to its peaks, and even they did not experience the slightest distress.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The Lord then addressed the cowherd community: O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja, if you wish you may now come under this hill with your cows.
Commentary

Comfortably you can all take shelter under Govardhana. But how could all the inhabitants fit under Govardhana which is only 3 miles across? Here is the answer. On being touched by Krsna’s hand Govardhana became filled with bliss and attained inconceivable strength, so that when Indra hurled hundreds of thunderbolts on his back, they felt like the touch of flower garlands, and he expanded his form to 32 miles so that all the inhabitants, cows and buffalos and other animals could live comfortably beneath his shelter. Krsna says in hari vamsa: In lifting up Govardhana I have made such a large area that all the three worlds can be protected there. What to sepak of Vraja. " the animals on top of govardhana such as the deer and wild pigs and birds did not find any difficulty from rain when Krsna lifted the hill, because according to Hari vamsa when Krsna lifted Govardhana he lifted it as high as the clouds. Seeing that the clouds could pour rain only on the lower portions of govardhana, the animals ascended to the top of the mountain, above the clouds.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

He called to his mother first out of affection. Or he called her first to appease her, because she was overcome with worry and sorrow, fearing for her son, thinking that Indra produced showers in anger because of her son. He then called to his father with affection. If his father entered, she would follow. He also called Rohiṇī and others. As you desire (upajoṣam), just as you lived in Vraja, you can live here. Hari-vaṁśa describes that the area under the mountain measured two krośas. But how could all of Vraja enter the hole? It became huge by the power of his inconceivable energy. Kṛṣṇa says in Hari-vaṁśa: śailotpāṭana bhūr eṣā mahatī nirmitā mayā trailokyam upy utsahate rakṣituṁ kiṁ punar vrajam Raising Govardhana I have created this huge area. In this area I want to fit the three worlds, what to speak of Vraja. The hole or cavity refers to the place remaining when he lifted up the hill. The purpose of this area was to give protection from the wind and rain for the cows which were their wealth. Or, enter with cows and other wealth. The people then accepted his words. They became happy on hearing his words.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Dana (Charity / Generosity)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Under the floating mountain, Kṛṣṇa calls them as a son calls family — 'O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja.' Aiśvarya holds the hill; vātsalya speaks the invitation. The hand that suspends Govardhana is the same hand Yaśodā tied to a mortar.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.21

↗
న త్రాస ఇహ వ: కార్యో మద్ధస్తాద్రినిపాతనాత్ । వాతవర్షభయేనాలం తత్‍త్రాణం విహితం హి వ: ॥ ౨౧ ॥
na trāsa iha vaḥ kāryo
[na traasa iha vah kaaryo]
mad-dhastādri-nipātanāt
[mad-dhastaadri-nipaatanaat]
vāta-varṣa-bhayenālaṁ
[vaata-varsha-bhayenaalam]
tat-trāṇaṁ vihitaṁ hi vaḥ
[tat-traanam vihitam hi vah]
na — not trāsaḥ — fear iha — in this matter vaḥ — by you kāryaḥ — should be felt mat - hasta — from My hand adri — of the mountain nipātanāt — of the falling vāta — of the wind varṣa — and the rain bhayena — with fear alam — enough tat - trāṇam — the deliverance from that vihitam — has been provided hi — certainly vaḥ — for you .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
na trāsa iha vaḥ kāryo
na
not
trāsaḥ
fear
iha
in this matter
vaḥ
by you
kāryaḥ
should be felt
mad-dhastādri-nipātanāt
mat - hasta
from My hand
adri
of the mountain
nipātanāt
of the falling
vāta-varṣa-bhayenālaṁ
vāta
of the wind
varṣa
and the rain
bhayena
with fear
alam
enough
tat-trāṇaṁ vihitaṁ hi vaḥ
tat - trāṇam
the deliverance from that
vihitam
has been provided
hi
certainly
vaḥ
for you .
  • mat - hasta — from My hand
    mat + hasta. The verse twice anchors the hill to His hand. In Gauḍīya theology, kṛṣṇa-hasta is itself the eternal shelter — every dhāma rests on it. The fear of the hill falling is the fear of the hand failing, and Bhagavān's hand has never failed.
  • tat - trāṇam — the deliverance from that
    tat (that) + trāṇa (rescue). From √trai — to rescue. The same root behind trātā, the Lord's title as savior. Vraja is being told: trāṇa is already done; relax inside it.
  • vihitam — has been provided
    From vi + √dhā — arranged, settled, prescribed. The arrangement is in the perfect-passive — it is already done. Gauḍīya note: when Kṛṣṇa says 'vihitam,' the future tense of the devotee's worry is canceled.
  • trāsaḥ — fear
    From √tras — to tremble. The same fear Vraja briefly experienced when Pūtanā, Tṛṇāvarta, Aghāsura attacked — each time canceled by Kṛṣṇa's act. The chapter shows the rule: where Kṛṣṇa accepts protection-vow, trāsa has no jurisdiction.
You should have no fear that this mountain will fall from My hand. And don’t be afraid of the wind and rain, for your deliverance from these afflictions has already been arranged.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
You should have no fear that this mountain will fall from My hand. And don't be afraid of the wind and rain, for your deliverance from these afflictions has already been arranged.
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Do not have fear that I will make the mountain fall from my hand. Nipātanāt is a causative form. Or you should not fear that Indra will make it fall. Worrying about my steadiness, you should not do any actions. The genitive case of vaḥ can indicate the doer. It is not necessary for you to fear the wind and rain since (hi) your (vaḥ) deliverance by lifting the mountain has been done by me. Or, your deliverance has been produced by you (vaḥ), by your worship of Govardhana.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)
Related verses

Kṛṣṇa promises the hill will not fall. The promise is the actual roof — the rain stops being the question and the word becomes shelter. Wherever His word is, the elements arrange themselves around it.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.22

↗
తథా నిర్వివిశుర్గర్తం కృష్ణాశ్వాసితమానస: । యథావకాశం సధనా: సవ్రజా: సోపజీవిన: ॥ ౨౨ ॥
tathā nirviviśur gartaṁ
[tathaa nirvivishur gartam]
kṛṣṇāśvāsita-mānasaḥ
[krishnaashvaasita-maanasah]
yathāvakāśaṁ sa-dhanāḥ
[yathaavakaasham sa-dhanaah]
sa-vrajāḥ sopajīvinaḥ
[sa-vrajaah sopajeevinah]
tathā — thus nirviviśuḥ — they entered gartam — the hollow kṛṣṇa — by Lord Kṛṣṇa āśvāsita — pacified mānasaḥ — their minds yathā - avakāśam — comfortably sa - dhanāḥ — with their cows sa - vrajāḥ — and with their wagons sa - upajīvinaḥ — together with their dependents (such as their servants and brāhmaṇa priests) .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tathā nirviviśur gartaṁ
tathā
thus
nirviviśuḥ
they entered
gartam
the hollow
kṛṣṇāśvāsita-mānasaḥ
kṛṣṇa
by Lord Kṛṣṇa
āśvāsita
pacified
mānasaḥ
their minds
yathāvakāśaṁ sa-dhanāḥ
yathā - avakāśam
comfortably
sa - dhanāḥ
with their cows
sa - vrajāḥ
and with their wagons
sa-vrajāḥ sopajīvinaḥ
sa - upajīvinaḥ
together with their dependents (such as their servants and brāhmaṇa priests) .
  • āśvāsita — pacified
    From ā + √śvas — literally 'breathed back to life.' Kṛṣṇa's words have restored Vraja's breath. Bhagavān's voice is, in Gauḍīya stotras, prāṇa itself — āśvāsana is what the Name does in every age.
  • yathā - avakāśam — comfortably (according to room)
    yathā + avakāśa (space, room). The space under Govardhana adapts to its occupants. Gauḍīyas hear here the rule of Vaikuṇṭha and of nāma-saṅkīrtana: the shelter expands to the seeker, never the seeker to a fixed shelter.
  • sa - upajīvinaḥ — together with their dependents
    sa (with) + upajīvin (one who lives off another, dependent). Servants, brāhmaṇas, every household member. Kṛṣṇa's shelter is taken collectively, not personally — Vraja goes in as a community, the proper unit of Bhāgavata refuge.
  • nirviviśuḥ — they entered
    From nir + vi + √viś — entered fully into. The verb of complete entry, not provisional sheltering. Gauḍīya śaraṇāgati is exactly this: full entrance, not testing the rain with one hand outside.
Their minds thus pacified by Lord Kṛṣṇa, they all entered beneath the hill, where they found ample room for themselves and all their cows, wagons, servants and priests, and for all other members of the community as well.

All the domestic animals of Vṛndāvana were brought beneath Govardhana Hill for shelter.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Their minds thus pacified by Lord Kṛṣṇa, they all entered beneath the hill, where they found ample room for themselves and all their cows, wagons, servants and priests, and for all other members of the community as well.
Commentary

They proceeded to go beneath the mountain along with their carts (savrajah), servants and priests (sopajivanah).

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

By speaking skillfully in this way and by lifting the mountain effortlessly with his left hand (tathā), with their minds comforted and peaceful because of Kṛṣṇa, who performs unlimited astonishing pastimes by attracting everyone’s hearts, they entered the cavity beneath the mountain along with their cows and other forms of wealth. Another version has tataḥ instead of tathā, with the same meaning. There was plenty of space (yathāvakāśam) since Govardhana extended for a yojana and expanded to suit the number of people. In Kali-yuga, like the Lord, Govardhana has been almost covered up. By the will of the Lord and power of Govardhana, when the people entered the hole, the rain from the top of the hill did not fall on them and the rain did not enter from the sides. Hari-vaṁśa says: sa dhṛtaḥ saṅgato megahir giriḥ savyena pāṇinā gṛha-bhāvaṁ gatas tatra grḥākāreṇa varcasā He held the mountain up to the clouds with his left hand. It became like a dwelling, with the form of a splendid house. Everyone lived there comfortably with their furniture and other items. Just as Kṛṣṇa held up the whole mountain using one finger of one hand on one portion of the mountain, so by his śakti no rain could enter under the mountain. The Lord revealed his nature as Bhagavān as previously by lifting the mountain easily like an umbrella as a small child, even though he had all powers.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)
Related verses

All of Vraja walks under the hill — every cow, every wagon, every dependent, every brāhmaṇa — and the cave-room expands to fit them. This is the dimension of Bhagavān's shelter: it is never sized in advance; it sizes itself to whoever comes.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.23

↗
క్షుత్తృడ్‍‌‌‌వ్యథాం సుఖాపేక్షాం హిత్వా తైర్వ్రజవాసిభి: । వీక్ష్యమాణో దధారాద్రిం సప్తాహం నాచలత్ పదాత్ ॥ ౨౩ ॥
kṣut-tṛḍ-vyathāṁ sukhāpekṣāṁ
[kshut-trid-vyathaam sukhaapekshaam]
hitvā tair vraja-vāsibhiḥ
[hitvaa tair vraja-vaasibhih]
vīkṣyamāṇo dadhārādriṁ
[veekshyamaano dadhaaraadrim]
saptāhaṁ nācalat padāt
[saptaaham naachalat padaat]
kṣut — of hunger tṛṭ — and thirst vyathām — the pain sukha — of personal happiness apekṣām — all consideration hitvā — putting aside taiḥ — by them vraja - vāsibhiḥ — the residents of Vraja vīkṣyamāṇaḥ — being glanced upon dadhāra — He held adrim — the mountain sapta - aham — for seven days na acalat — He did not move padāt — from that place .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
kṣut-tṛḍ-vyathāṁ sukhāpekṣāṁ
kṣut
of hunger
tṛṭ
and thirst
vyathām
the pain
sukha
of personal happiness
apekṣām
all consideration
hitvā tair vraja-vāsibhiḥ
hitvā
putting aside
taiḥ
by them
vraja - vāsibhiḥ
the residents of Vraja
vīkṣyamāṇo dadhārādriṁ
vīkṣyamāṇaḥ
being glanced upon
dadhāra
He held
adrim
the mountain
saptāhaṁ nācalat padāt
sapta - aham
for seven days
na acalat
He did not move
padāt
from that place .
  • kṣut - tṛṭ - vyathām — the pain of hunger and thirst
    kṣudh (hunger) + tṛṣ (thirst) + vyathā (distress). Three words usually applied to the conditioned soul (Gītā 13.9, janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi). Kṛṣṇa accepts them voluntarily for Vraja — the līlā shows Bhagavān absorbing what He need not absorb.
  • vraja - vāsibhiḥ — by the residents of Vraja
    vraja + vāsin (dweller). The same word that becomes Gauḍīya self-identification — vraja-vāsī, a resident of Vraja in mood if not in body. Caitanya and the Gosvāmīs lived in Vṛndāvana precisely to be vraja-vāsīs in this verse's sense.
  • sapta - aham — for seven days
    sapta (seven) + ahan (day). The duration of the protection. Seven is the count of completion in many Vedic frames; here it marks Kṛṣṇa's full and unbroken kṛpā. Indra's rage spends itself against an immovable hand.
  • na acalat — He did not move
    From a + √cal. He did not stir — the same verb used of Govardhana itself (acala). The līlā fuses Kṛṣṇa and the hill at the verb-root: both are acala for the duration of the storm, both protective by stillness.
Lord Kṛṣṇa, forgetting hunger and thirst and putting aside all considerations of personal pleasure, stood there holding up the hill for seven days as the people of Vraja gazed upon Him.

According to the Viṣṇu Purāṇa: vrajaika-vāsibhir harṣa- vismitākṣair niṛīkṣitaḥ gopa-gopī-janair hṛṣṭaiḥ prīti-visphāritekṣaṇaiḥ saṁstūyamāna-caritaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śailam adhārayat “Lord Kṛṣṇa held up the mountain while His praises were chanted by the residents of Vraja, all of whom now had the opportunity to dwell together with Him, and who glanced at Him with joyful and amazed eyes. Thus the cowherd men and women were all elated, and out of loving affection they opened their eyes wide.” By continuously drinking the nectar of the beauty and sweetness of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the residents of Vṛndāvana felt no hunger, thirst or fatigue, and Lord Kṛṣṇa, by seeing their beautiful forms, also forgot about eating, drinking and sleeping. Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura points out that seven days of continuous rain from the Sāṁvartaka clouds failed to flood the district of Mathurā because the Supreme Lord, simply by His potency, immediately dried up the water as it fell to the ground. Thus Kṛṣṇa’s lifting of Govardhana Hill is full of fascinating details and has for thousands of years remained one of His most famous pastimes.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Lord Kṛṣṇa, forgetting hunger and thirst and putting aside all considerations of personal pleasure, stood there holding up the hill for seven days as the people of Vraja gazed upon Him.
Commentary

The inhabitants forgot about hunger and thirst for seven days because they were immersed in bliss on seeing Krsna continuously. This is explained in the visnu purana: Krsna, watched by the inhabitants of Vraja with eyes wide with affection, held the mountain steadily. It should be understood the Krsna stood facing everyone. At this time the inhabitants hunger and thirst disappeared on seeing the youthful beauty of Krsna , and Krsna’s hunger and thirst disappeared on seeing the beauty of his beloved gopis. It should be understood that mathura mandala did not become inundated in water, because his iccha sakti dried up the water immediately. Six ghatikas make up one day. Seven days passed as if it were one ghatika for the inhabitants of Vraja.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

They forgot (hitvā) about comforts like sleeping and pain caused by hunger and thirst since he was looked at specially (vi-- īkṣyamāṇaḥ), with astonishment and the highest affection by the cows, cowherds and women of Vraja who took him as their life, or made him the only object of happiness for their eyes (taiḥ). The past particle (hitvā) indicates that what follows is the cause or goal of their forgetting their own comforts. It also indicates that their hunger, thirst and discomfort disappeared immediately on looking at him. Their looking at him aided his holding up the mountain since that made him joyful at every moment. Thus Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: vrajaika-vāsibhir harṣa- vismitākṣair niṛīkṣitaḥ gopa-gopī-janair hṛṣṭaiḥ prīti-visphāritekṣaṇaiḥ saṁstūyamāna-caritaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śailam adhārayat Kṛṣṇa held up the mountain while his praises were chanted by the residents of Vraja, all of whom now had the opportunity to dwell together with him, and who glanced at him with joyful and amazed eyes, with eyes opened wide out of affection. Or, giving up his comforts, he held up the mountain. By their glancing, he had no desire for sleeping. He did not move from the place where he fixed his feet. This indicates that holding the mountain was very easy.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses

For seven days Kṛṣṇa stands on one spot, the hill on His little finger, eating nothing, drinking nothing — and looks out at His own villagers looking up at Him. The līlā is a still photograph held for a week: the Lord is the one who does not move so His people can.

Śrī Caitanya's seven days at Jagannātha Purī

Caitanya-caritāmṛta records many of Mahāprabhu's vigils — nights without sleep before the deity, days when food was forgotten in the flood of nāma-rasa. The devotee absorbed in Kṛṣṇa forgets the body as a side-effect.

The gopas here see the same phenomenon in the reverse direction: Bhagavān absorbed in the welfare of His devotees forgets His own body. Both sides of the rasa abandon hunger; only the direction of love differs.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.24

↗
కృష్ణయోగానుభావం తం నిశమ్యేన్ద్రోఽతివిస్మిత: । నిస్తమ్భో భ్రష్టసఙ్కల్ప: స్వాన్మేఘాన్ సన్న్యవారయత్ ॥ ౨౪ ॥
kṛṣṇa-yogānubhāvaṁ taṁ
[krishna-yogaanubhaavam tam]
niśamyendro ’ti-vismitaḥ
[nishamyendro ’ti-vismitah]
nistambho bhraṣṭa-saṅkalpaḥ
[nistambho bhrashta-sankalpah]
svān meghān sannyavārayat
[svaan meghaan sannyavaarayat]
kṛṣṇa — of Lord Kṛṣṇa yoga — of the mystic power anubhāvam — the influence tam — that niśamya — seeing indraḥ — Lord Indra ati - vismitaḥ — most amazed nistambhaḥ — whose false pride was brought down bhraṣṭa — ruined saṅkalpaḥ — whose determination svān — his own meghān — clouds sannyavārayat — stopped .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
kṛṣṇa-yogānubhāvaṁ taṁ
kṛṣṇa
of Lord Kṛṣṇa
yoga
of the mystic power
anubhāvam
the influence
tam
that
niśamyendro ’ti-vismitaḥ
niśamya
seeing
indraḥ
Lord Indra
nistambho bhraṣṭa-saṅkalpaḥ
svān meghān sannyavārayat
ati - vismitaḥ
most amazed
nistambhaḥ
whose false pride was brought down
bhraṣṭa
ruined
saṅkalpaḥ
whose determination
svān
his own
meghān
clouds
sannyavārayat
stopped .
  • yoga - anubhāvam — the influence of (His) mystic power
    yoga + anubhāva (experiential power, effect). The same anubhāva that the rasa-shastras study in devotees is here exhibited by Bhagavān. Indra is forced into rasa-class against his will.
  • ati - vismitaḥ — most amazed
    ati (extreme) + vismita (astonished). Vismaya/adbhuta-rasa erupts in the offender's heart. Gauḍīya rasa-theory notes that adbhuta is often the doorway through which an antagonist enters bhakti — Indra is at that doorway now.
  • nistambhaḥ — whose false pride was brought down
    nir (without) + stambha (pride, rigidity). The earlier stambham of v. 6 reversed onto its author. The Gauḍīya pattern: whatever the offender wishes upon devotees returns to break his own posture.
  • bhraṣṭa - saṅkalpaḥ — whose determination was ruined
    bhraṣṭa (fallen, ruined) + saṅkalpa (resolve). The will of one who attacks devotees does not survive the attack. This is a Bhāgavata rule from Hiraṇyakaśipu to Kaṁsa — the offender's saṅkalpa is the first casualty.
When Indra observed this exhibition of Lord Kṛṣṇa’s mystic power, he became most astonished. Pulled down from his platform of false pride, and his intentions thwarted, he ordered his clouds to desist.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
When Indra observed this exhibition of Lord Kṛṣṇa's mystic power, he became most astonished. Pulled down from his platform of false pride, and his intentions thwarted, he ordered his clouds to desist.
Commentary

His pride deflated, Indra withdrew the clouds out of fear that Krsna would punish him.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Indra saw (niśamya) the power (anubhāvam) of Kṛṣna’s natural śakti (yoga). According to Viśva-prakāśa the word niśamya can mean hearing or seeing. He lost his pride (nistambhaḥ). Why? His desire to destroy Vraja was thwarted (bhraṣṭa-saṅkalpaḥ). He made his clouds and winds stop giving disturbance since by not withdrawing them he feared he would be in trouble. He made the clouds and winds go far away (san—nyavārayat).

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

From messengers, Indra heard about (niśamya) the glory (anubhāvam) of the special śakti or method of stopping the rain (yoga) of Kṛṣṇa, Brahman in human form, the hero of Vraja. Or he heard about the power produced by Kṛṣṇa’s ṣakti. Though it is said he had gone to Vraja (stated earlier) he did not go personally out of pride. Or even though going there, he heard or was informed by the clouds since out of confusion of pride, he could not personally realize what had happened. Or he saw (niśamya). This is the other meaning according to Viśva dictionary. He lost his pride (nistambhaḥ). Why? His desire to destroy Vraja was thwarted (bhraṣṭa-saṅkalpaḥ). He made his clouds and winds (svān) or his own clouds (svān) stop giving disturbance since by not withdrawing them he feared he would be in trouble. He made the clouds and winds go far away, leaving the sky out of fear (san—nyavārayat).

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses

Indra watches his own pralaya-clouds fail and the boy stand unmoved for a week, and his māna falls off him the way water falls off a leaf. The breaking of pride here is silent, almost gentle — Kṛṣṇa never lifts a weapon, only a hill, and the king of heaven recognizes himself in the mirror of his thwarted intent.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.25

↗
ఖం వ్యభ్రముదితాదిత్యం వాతవర్షం చ దారుణమ్ । నిశమ్యోపరతం గోపాన్ గోవర్ధనధరోఽబ్రవీత్ ॥ ౨౫ ॥
khaṁ vyabhram uditādityaṁ
[kham vyabhram uditaadityam]
vāta-varṣaṁ ca dāruṇam
[vaata-varsham cha daarunam]
niśamyoparataṁ gopān
[nishamyoparatam gopaan]
govardhana-dharo ’bravīt
[govardhana-dharo ’braveet]
kham — the sky vi - abhram — empty of clouds udita — arisen ādityam — with the sun vāta - varṣam — the wind and rain ca — and dāruṇam — fierce niśamya — seeing uparatam — ceased gopān — to the cowherds govardhana - dharaḥ — the lifter of Govardhana Hill abravīt — spoke .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
khaṁ vyabhram uditādityaṁ
kham
the sky
vāta-varṣaṁ ca dāruṇam
niśamyoparataṁ gopān
govardhana-dharo ’bravīt
vi - abhram
empty of clouds
udita
arisen
ādityam
with the sun
vāta - varṣam
the wind and rain
ca
and
dāruṇam
fierce
niśamya
seeing
uparatam
ceased
gopān
to the cowherds
govardhana - dharaḥ
the lifter of Govardhana Hill
abravīt
spoke .
  • govardhana - dharaḥ — the lifter of Govardhana Hill
    govardhana + dhara (one who holds, sustains). A name that did not exist before this chapter; Kṛṣṇa receives it from the līlā itself. In Gauḍīya hymnology it has since become one of His most invoked epithets.
  • vi - abhram — empty of clouds
    vi (without) + abhra (cloud). The sky is described by the absence of what occupied it for seven days. Gauḍīyas read this as the natural state of citta when the storm of māna passes — clear by default, clouded only by interference.
  • udita - ādityam — with the sun arisen
    udita (risen) + āditya (sun). The sun returns. Brahma-saṁhitā 5.52 — yac cakṣur eṣa savitā sakala-grahāṇām — calls the sun Kṛṣṇa's eye. The eye of the cosmos opens again on a Vraja still held by His hand.
  • uparatam — ceased
    From upa + √ram — calmed, ceased. The verb of yogic cessation. The storm doesn't fade — it ceases the way nirodha ceases mental modifications. Indra's clouds have, in their way, attained their end.
Seeing that the fierce wind and rain had now ceased, the sky had become clear of rainclouds, and the sun had risen, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the lifter of Govardhana Hill, spoke to the cowherd community as follows.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Seeing that the fierce wind and rain had now ceased, the sky had become clear of rainclouds, and the sun had risen, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the lifter of Govardhana Hill, spoke to the cowherd community as follows.
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Seeing the sun becoming visible (udita), seeing the fierce wind and rains had stopped, he informed the people of this. He looked horizontally and noticed this, since he was holding the mountain with his hand. With a burst of enthusiasm Śukadeva had a vision of Kṛṣṇa lifting Govardhana and thus describes him as Govardhana-dharaḥ.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Hearing that the sun becoming visible (udita), and that the fierce wind and rains had stopped, he spoke to the people. Because he personally did not investigate, being attached to the happiness of holding up the mountain, others saw and told him. Or he looked horizontally and noticed this. Still holding up the mountain he spoke. Even at this time it was no effort to do this. Parīkṣit was worried that Kṛṣṇa would be exhausted. Śukadeva now pacifies him with this description.

Related values
Ishvara Pranidhana (Surrender to God)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Daksya (Resourcefulness / Skill)Dhriti (Resilience / Steadfastness / Fortitude)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Dhairya (Composure / Courage)Shraddha (Faith / Reverence)Santosha (Contentment)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

The sky empties of clouds, the sun climbs, the wind dies — and Govinda speaks. Calm is announced not by a meteorologist but by the same voice that called up Govardhana. Vraja's weather has one true forecaster.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.26

↗
నిర్యాత త్యజత త్రాసం గోపా: సస్త్రీధనార్భకా: । ఉపారతం వాతవర్షం వ్యుదప్రాయాశ్చ నిమ్నగా: ॥ ౨౬ ॥
niryāta tyajata trāsaṁ
[niryaata tyajata traasam]
gopāḥ sa-strī-dhanārbhakāḥ
[gopaah sa-stree-dhanaarbhakaah]
upārataṁ vāta-varṣaṁ
[upaaratam vaata-varsham]
vyuda-prāyāś ca nimnagāḥ
[vyuda-praayaash cha nimnagaah]
niryāta — please go out tyajata — give up trāsam — your fear gopāḥ — O cowherd men sa — together with strī — your women dhana — property arbhakāḥ — and children upāratam — finished vāta - varṣam — the wind and rain vi - uda — without water prāyāḥ — practically ca — and nimnagāḥ — the rivers .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
niryāta tyajata trāsaṁ
niryāta
please go out
tyajata
give up
trāsam
your fear
gopāḥ sa-strī-dhanārbhakāḥ
gopāḥ
O cowherd men
sa
together with
strī
your women
dhana
property
arbhakāḥ
and children
upārataṁ vāta-varṣaṁ
upāratam
finished
vāta - varṣam
the wind and rain
vi - uda
without water
vyuda-prāyāś ca nimnagāḥ
prāyāḥ
practically
ca
and
nimnagāḥ
the rivers .
  • niryāta — please go out
    Imperative of nir + √yā — to go forth. Kṛṣṇa releases Vraja from shelter back into the open. The hand that lifted the hill now lifts the curfew. The Gauḍīya note: the Lord's protection includes the moment of letting His people walk again.
  • tyajata trāsam — give up fear
    tyaja (give up) + trāsa (fear). Kṛṣṇa explicitly issues the command — abhayaṁ, the gift He elsewhere offers Arjuna (Bg 18.66's promise). Vraja receives the same gift in two words from under the same hand.
  • vi - uda — without water
    vi (without) + uda (water). The floodwaters have drained. Gauḍīya commentators love the symmetry: Indra unleashed jala-ogha, Kṛṣṇa now reports it vi-uda — the verbal mirror image is exact.
  • nimnagāḥ — the rivers
    nimna (low-flowing) + gā (going). The 'low-going ones' — rivers. The Yamunā in particular, holy in Gauḍīya theology, has subsided. The verse names the elements one by one as a teacher closing a register: each item accounted for.
[Lord Kṛṣṇa said:] My dear cowherd men, please go out with your wives, children and possessions. Give up your fear. The wind and rain have stopped, and the rivers’ high waters have subsided.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
[Lord Kṛṣṇa said:] My dear cowherd men, please go out with your wives, children and possessions. Give up your fear. The wind and rain have stopped, and the rivers' high waters have subsided.
Commentary

Vyudapraya means the river water became low.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

O cowherd, who have protected the cows from the rain! That the rivers have decreased their waters is not astonishing since the heat of Kṛṣṇa’s power has made the showering waters shrink. Without him doing that, the clouds of universal destruction would have inundated everything. Dhana refers to cows or cows and their other wealth.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

O cowherds, who have protected the cows from the rain! Go out with the women, wealth or cows, and the children. The rivers swollen by rain have subsided (vyuda-prāyāḥ). This means that water had left the land.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Kṛṣṇa speaks to His people the way a father speaks after a fire has been put out — go out, the danger is over, take the children. The Lord who held the hill for seven days now arranges the small logistics of return: wagons, wives, rivers. Aiśvarya recedes; vātsalya gets the closing word.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.27

↗
తతస్తే నిర్యయుర్గోపా: స్వం స్వమాదాయ గోధనమ్ । శకటోఢోపకరణం స్త్రీబాలస్థవిరా: శనై: ॥ ౨౭ ॥
tatas te niryayur gopāḥ
[tatas te niryayur gopaah]
svaṁ svam ādāya go-dhanam
[svam svam aadaaya go-dhanam]
śakaṭoḍhopakaraṇaṁ
[shakatodhopakaranam]
strī-bāla-sthavirāḥ śanaiḥ
[stree-baala-sthaviraah shanaih]
tataḥ — then te — they niryayuḥ — went out gopāḥ — the cowherd men svam svam — each his own ādāya — taking go - dhanam — their cows śakaṭa — upon their wagons ūḍha — loaded upakaraṇam — their paraphernalia strī — the women bāla — children sthavirāḥ — and old people śanaiḥ — slowly .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tatas te niryayur gopāḥ
tataḥ
then
te
they
niryayuḥ
went out
gopāḥ
the cowherd men
svaṁ svam ādāya go-dhanam
svam svam
each his own
ādāya
taking
go - dhanam
their cows
śakaṭoḍhopakaraṇaṁ
śakaṭa
upon their wagons
ūḍha
loaded
upakaraṇam
their paraphernalia
strī-bāla-sthavirāḥ śanaiḥ
strī
the women
bāla
children
sthavirāḥ
and old people
śanaiḥ
slowly .
  • go - dhanam — their cows
    go (cow) + dhana (wealth). The cows are Vraja's wealth in the literal sense and the rasa-sense — the entire affluence of the līlā. Kṛṣṇa's first protection has been go-dhana, and Vraja gathers it first on the return.
  • śakaṭa - ūḍha — loaded upon their wagons
    śakaṭa (wagon) + ūḍha (loaded, carried). The same wagons Kṛṣṇa kicked apart as an infant (10.7) now carry the household goods home from under Govardhana — a quiet recall of an earlier chapter for the rasika reader.
  • sthavirāḥ — the old people
    From √sthā — those who have stood (a long time). The aged. The verse takes pains to list them — Vraja's most vulnerable came in safe and leave safe. Gauḍīya tone: protection's measure is what happens to the smallest and oldest.
  • śanaiḥ — slowly
    Adverb. The verse adopts Bhāgavata pace at the end — śanaiḥ, gently. The same word the Gītā uses for the gradual recovery of buddhi (Bg 6.25). After seven days of crisis, the return is calibrated to the children's step.
After collecting their respective cows and loading their paraphernalia into their wagons, the cowherd men went out. The women, children and elderly persons gradually followed them.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
After collecting their respective cows and loading their paraphernalia into their wagons, the cowherd men went out. The women, children and elderly persons gradually followed them.
Commentary

Loading their goods on the carts (sakatotokaranam), the cowherd men emerged from under the mountain.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

After he had lifted the mountain and then spoken (tataḥ), the cowherds, who had defeated Indra by accepting Kṛṣṇa and had resorted to Kṛṣṇa alone (te), left the cavity. Gathering the cows, along with wealth (upakaraṇam) and carts, the cowherds, women, children and elders slowly left, since if they quickly left all at once, they would be crushed.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Because of his words (tataḥ) they (te), who were in the hole, went out. Or the people, though happily standing there, gazing at Kṛṣṇa (te), went out. Or having seen the beautiful face of Kṛṣṇa in a group for seven days, the women and children and old people went out slowly, taking their wealth in carts and the cows. They went slowly because that was their nature, or because of fear of more rain. Or they could not go to the forest because they could not give up looking at Kṛṣṇa. Or everyone went slowly since they were attached to seeing his face at that time.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Vraja files out — cowherds first with the herds, then wagons of household goods, then the women and children and old people, slowly. It is not a victory parade; it is a quiet return, the geometry of trust resuming its everyday shape. The crisis has not even bruised the routine.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.28

↗
భగవానపి తం శైలం స్వస్థానే పూర్వవత్ ప్రభు: । పశ్యతాం సర్వభూతానాం స్థాపయామాస లీలయా ॥ ౨౮ ॥
bhagavān api taṁ śailaṁ
[bhagavaan api tam shailam]
sva-sthāne pūrva-vat prabhuḥ
[sva-sthaane poorva-vat prabhuh]
paśyatāṁ sarva-bhūtānāṁ
[pashyataam sarva-bhootaanaam]
sthāpayām āsa līlayā
[sthaapayaam aasa leelayaa]
bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead api — and tam — that śailam — hill sva - sthāne — upon its place pūrva - vat — as originally prabhuḥ — the almighty Lord paśyatām — while they were looking on sarva - bhūtānām — all the living creatures sthāpayām āsa — He put līlayā — with ease .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
bhagavān api taṁ śailaṁ
bhagavān
the Supreme Personality of Godhead
api
and
tam
that
śailam
hill
sva-sthāne pūrva-vat prabhuḥ
sva - sthāne
upon its place
pūrva - vat
as originally
prabhuḥ
the almighty Lord
paśyatāṁ sarva-bhūtānāṁ
paśyatām
while they were looking on
sarva - bhūtānām
all the living creatures
sthāpayām āsa līlayā
sthāpayām āsa
He put
līlayā
with ease .
  • sva - sthāne — upon its (own) place
    sva (own) + sthāna (place). The hill returns to its sthāna. Gauḍīyas note that Bhagavān's līlās do not rearrange the cosmos; they show its true center. Govardhana's sthāna is unchanged outwardly, infinitely altered in glory.
  • pūrva - vat — as originally
    pūrva (former) + vat (like). 'Just as before.' The miracle leaves no scar. Acintya-bhedābheda hint: the same hill is both unchanged (abheda) and now uniquely the Lord's chatra (bheda).
  • prabhuḥ — the almighty Lord
    From pra + √bhū — He who comes forth, the capable one. The word arrives at the closing of the līlā — the cowherd boy is reframed at the moment of restoration. Gauḍīya pattern: aiśvarya-titles bookend the mādhurya-act.
  • līlayā — with ease
    Same word as in v. 19 — līlā. Bhagavān lifts as līlā and replaces as līlā. The grammar of the verse fuses the two acts into one mood. The Vraja-līlā has no strain at either end.
While all living creatures looked on, the Supreme Personality of Godhead put down the hill in its original place, just as it had stood before.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
While all living creatures looked on, the Supreme Personality of Godhead put down the hill in its original place, just as it had stood before.
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The Lord however remained (api) and then put down the hill after the people had left. He put it down in the same place as previously, without deviating from the former placement. The mountain was the same as before (pūrva-vat) without any change since he was endowed with great powers (prabhuḥ). He did this with great ease, which was attractive to all (līlayā).

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The others left, but (api) the Lord put the mountain back in its previous place. He did this easily (līlayā), not harshly throwing it down. No stone was out of place. This shows Kṛṣṇa’s special power. All beings saw him hold it easily and put it down easily with astonishment. There was no doubt he had done this. “Putting the mountain back after a hole was made would mean that the mountain would fall into the hole.” He could do anything (prabhuḥ). What was the goal? He was absorbed in revealing his unlimited powers by special pastimes in Vraja. He acted in this way to perform various pastimes. Otherwise he could not accomplish his happiness.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Kṛṣṇa puts the hill back exactly where it stood, as easily as He lifted it — and the universe registers no shudder. The same līlā that opens a chapter closes it; Bhagavān's miracles leave the world in the configuration He found, with the only change being the rasa now planted in His devotees' hearts.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.29

↗
తం ప్రేమవేగాన్నిర్భృతా వ్రజౌకసోయథా సమీయు: పరిరమ్భణాదిభి: । గోప్యశ్చ సస్‍నేహమపూజయన్ ముదాదధ్యక్షతాద్భ‍ిర్యుయుజు: సదాశిష: ॥ ౨౯ ॥
taṁ prema-vegān nirbhṛtā vrajaukaso
[tam prema-vegaan nirbhritaa vrajaukaso]
yathā samīyuḥ parirambhaṇādibhiḥ
[yathaa sameeyuh parirambhanaadibhih]
gopyaś ca sa-sneham apūjayan mudā
[gopyash cha sa-sneham apoojayan mudaa]
dadhy-akṣatādbhir yuyujuḥ sad-āśiṣaḥ
[dadhy-akshataadbhir yuyujuh sad-aashishah]
tam — to Him prema — of their pure love vegāt — by the force nirbhṛtāḥ — fulfilled vraja - okasaḥ — the residents of Vraja yathā — each according to his position samīyuḥ — came forward parirambhaṇa - ādibhiḥ — with embracing and so forth gopyaḥ — the cowherd ladies ca — and sa - sneham — with great affection apūjayan — showed their respect mudā — joyfully dadhi — with yogurt akṣata — unbroken grains adbhiḥ — and water yuyujuḥ — they presented sat — excellent āśiṣaḥ — benedictions .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
taṁ prema-vegān nirbhṛtā vrajaukaso
tam
to Him
prema
of their pure love
vegāt
by the force
nirbhṛtāḥ
fulfilled
vraja - okasaḥ
the residents of Vraja
yathā samīyuḥ parirambhaṇādibhiḥ
yathā
each according to his position
samīyuḥ
came forward
parirambhaṇa - ādibhiḥ
with embracing and so forth
gopyaś ca sa-sneham apūjayan mudā
gopyaḥ
the cowherd ladies
ca
and
sa - sneham
with great affection
apūjayan
showed their respect
mudā
joyfully
dadhy-akṣatādbhir yuyujuḥ sad-āśiṣaḥ
dadhi
with yogurt
akṣata
unbroken grains
adbhiḥ
and water
yuyujuḥ
they presented
sat
excellent
āśiṣaḥ
benedictions .
  • prema - vegāt — by the force of (their pure) love
    prema + vega (rush, impulse). The technical term in Gauḍīya rasa-shastra for the irresistible surge of perfected love — one of the symptoms catalogued by Rūpa Gosvāmī. Vraja's response is rasa-textbook.
  • yathā — each according to (his position)
    Adverb. Each devotee approaches in the rasa proper to him — sakhya for the boys, vātsalya for the elders, mādhurya for the gopīs. The verse encodes the Gauḍīya doctrine of distinct, simultaneous rasas in one Person.
  • parirambhaṇa - ādibhiḥ — with embracing and so forth
    parirambhaṇa (embrace) + ādi (etc.). The 'and so forth' is doctrinal — Rūpa Gosvāmī lists many anubhāvas (gestures of rasa); the verse summarizes them by abbreviation. Vraja performs the whole anubhāva-mālā at once.
  • dadhi - akṣata - adbhiḥ — with yogurt, unbroken grains, and water
    dadhi (yogurt) + akṣata (unbroken rice/barley) + ap (water). The traditional mark of victorious return — auspicious offerings. The gopīs perform a quiet domestic abhiṣeka, the village reading scripture without knowing it.
All the residents of Vṛndāvana were overwhelmed with ecstatic love, and they came forward and greeted Śrī Kṛṣṇa according to their individual relationships with Him — some embracing Him, others bowing down to Him, and so forth. The cowherd women presented water mixed with yogurt and unbroken barleycorns as a token of honor, and they showered auspicious benedictions upon Him.

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura explains that each of the residents of Vṛndāvana regarded Kṛṣṇa in his own way — as an inferior, younger member of the community; as an equal; or as a superior — and they dealt with Him accordingly. Kṛṣṇa’s superiors offered auspicious benedictions, lovingly smelled His head, kissed Him, rubbed His arms and fingers, and inquired with parental affection as to whether He was tired or pained. Kṛṣṇa’s equals laughed or joked with Him, and those who were younger fell at His feet, massaged His feet, and so on. The word ca in this verse indicates that the wives of the brāhmaṇas joined with the cowherd ladies to offer auspicious items like yogurt and unbroken grains. Lord Kṛṣṇa received benedictions such as this: “May You subdue the wicked, protect the decent people, give pleasure to Your parents and be enriched with all wealth and opulence.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
All the residents of Vṛndāvana were overwhelmed with ecstatic love, and they came forward and greeted Śrī Kṛṣṇa according to their individual relationships with Him—some embracing Him, others bowing down to Him, and so forth. The cowherd women presented water mixed with yogurt and unbroken barleycorns as a token of honor, and they showered auspicious benedictions upon Him.
Commentary

Filled (nibhrta) with love, they approached Krsna and according to age suitably showed affection (yathayogya). The elders blessed him by smelling his head, kissing him, massaging his left arm (which held up the mountain), cracking the fingers of his left hand,prains ghim and asking if he was not tired or in pain. Equals exchanged smiles and joking. Juniors fell at his feet and massaged his feet. The cowherd women (gopyah) and the wives of the brahmanas (ca) respected him by throwing rice and yogurt, and gave blessings such as "may you conquer the evil minded, protect the righteous, give bliss to your father and mother, may you be blessed with wealth and power."

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

As if singing out of prema, Śukadeva describes the joyful meeting between all the people present there and the Lord. They approached him (tam) who had held Govardhana to protect Vraja. Or they all met him with embraces, though he had displayed great powers (tam). The cause was the great abundance of prema caused by his actions in saving them. They approached him with embraces as well as blessings, smelling his head, grasping his feet, massaging his left hand, cracking his fingers, praising him, and asking if he were no longer tired or suffering, appropriate to the rank of the person (yathā)—superior, equal or inferior. Or yathā can mean “with affection.” The gopīs blessed him saying, “Destroy the wicked, protect the righteous, be served by all powers, and give joy to your own people.”

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

As if singing out of prema, Śukadeva describes the joyful meeting between all the people present there and the Lord. They approached him (tam) who had held Govardhana to protect Vraja. Or they all met him with embraces, though he had displayed great powers (tam). The cause was the great abundance of prema caused by his actions in saving them. They approached him with embraces as well as blessings, smelling his head, grasping his feet, massaging his left hand, cracking his fingers, praising him, and asking if he were no longer tired or suffering, appropriate to the rank of the person (yathā)—superior, equal or inferior. The priests gave blessings. The elders smelled his head. The servants and children took his feet. Friends embraced him and massaged his arms. Yathā can stand for yathāvat which means “with tears and hairs standing on end while they embraced.” This would be natural to them (yathāvat). Or just as (yathā) the people came, the gopīs came. Though in public, out of prema, they lost their composure. Or just as others came, the gopīs came with special bhāvas. But they did not embrace him since it would be improper at that time. They acted according to their individual bhāvas. This would be a statement made by Śukadeva out of his special bhāva. Some versions have the word ca, but it means api. They are described in a special way. Or ca can mean but. This especially distinguishes the gopīs from the others mentioned. They worshipped him with affection (sa-sneham). Here it means fresh anurāga. They worshipped him with anurāga. Or they worshipped him by rubbing oil and ghee on his limbs because of prema (prema-vegāt). In bliss they gave blessings “Control the wicked, protect the obedient, and always be served by all powers.” Spontaneous blessings arose because they were intensely happy (mudā). Or the elders, youths, and children as well as the priests came and worshipped appropriately by smelling his head, embracing his neck and taking his feet. The gopīs approached him with embraces etc. in their minds. The old women worshipped him affectionately (sa-sneham) or they worshipped Kṛṣṇa who had affection (sa-sneham). They also gave blessings.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)
Related verses

Vraja rushes Him — each according to rasa. Friends embrace, elders bow, gopīs offer yogurt-water and barley, blessings come down like the rain that just stopped. Where Indra's storm dispersed, prema-vega gathers; the same energy that wanted to scatter the village now binds it to its center.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.30

↗
యశోదా రోహిణీ నన్దో రామశ్చ బలినాం వర: । కృష్ణమాలిఙ్‌‌గ్య యుయుజురాశిష: స్‍నేహకాతరా: ॥ ౩౦ ॥
yaśodā rohiṇī nando
[yashodaa rohinee nando]
rāmaś ca balināṁ varaḥ
[raamash cha balinaam varah]
kṛṣṇam āliṅgya yuyujur
[krishnam aalingya yuyujur]
āśiṣaḥ sneha-kātarāḥ
[aashishah sneha-kaataraah]
yaśodā — mother Yaśodā rohiṇī — Rohiṇī nandaḥ — Nanda Mahārāja rāmaḥ — Balarāma ca — also balinām — of the strong varaḥ — the greatest kṛṣṇam — Kṛṣṇa āliṅgya — embracing yuyujuḥ — they all offered āśiṣaḥ — benedictions sneha — by their affection for Him kātarāḥ — beside themselves .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yaśodā rohiṇī nando
yaśodā
mother Yaśodā
rohiṇī
Rohiṇī
nandaḥ
Nanda Mahārāja
rāmaś ca balināṁ varaḥ
rāmaḥ
Balarāma
ca
also
balinām
of the strong
varaḥ
the greatest
kṛṣṇam āliṅgya yuyujur
kṛṣṇam
Kṛṣṇa
āliṅgya
embracing
yuyujuḥ
they all offered
āśiṣaḥ sneha-kātarāḥ
āśiṣaḥ
benedictions
sneha
by their affection for Him
kātarāḥ
beside themselves .
  • yaśodā — mother Yaśodā
    Kṛṣṇa's vātsalya-mūrti — the personification of mother-love. Her embrace at this moment is Gauḍīya rasa-shastra's climactic note: aiśvarya has just been displayed, and vātsalya immediately reclaims Him for itself.
  • rohiṇī — Rohiṇī
    Balarāma's mother, raised in Nanda's household after Vasudeva entrusted her to Gokula. The line of mothers in Vraja is wider than biology; the verse honors the breadth of vātsalya-bonds Kṛṣṇa accepts.
  • sneha - kātarāḥ — beside themselves with affection
    sneha (oily affection) + kātara (overcome, anguished). The word sneha denotes the unctuous, viscous quality of vātsalya — affection so thick it grips the heart. The four named devotees are drenched in it.
  • balinām varaḥ — the greatest of the strong
    balin (strong) + vara (best). Balarāma — punning on bala. The epithet appears precisely as Balarāma embraces Kṛṣṇa: strength is being defined as the elder brother's vātsalya-laced love, not as Indra's defeated armies.
Mother Yaśodā, mother Rohiṇī, Nanda Mahārāja and Balarāma, the greatest of the strong, all embraced Kṛṣṇa. Overwhelmed with affection, they offered Him their blessings.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Mother Yaśodā, mother Rohiṇī, Nanda Mahārāja and Balarāma, the greatest of the strong, all embraced Kṛṣṇa. Overwhelmed with affection, they offered Him their blessings.
Commentary

This verse describes more details of interaction with his mother and others. It is not unsuitable to include balarama in the group of persons with parental rasa, because he acts in that capacity as elder brother. "But if this affectionate brother also holds up the earth in his expansion as sesa, why did he not show his own powers when his younger brother held up Govardhana and help him?" The answer is that when Krsna made his decision to lifet govardhana to stop worship of Indra and begin worship of govardhana, and to protect the inhabitants of Vraja, it would be improper and impossible for his amsa, balarama to do anything else. Thus balarama did not show his powers. As Krsna is the saktiman, holder of all powers, by his desire alone suitable powers will make there appearance in his amsa. In succeeding verses also this conclusion is mentioned. In that area, sometimes the ancient depiction is seen of Yasoda and Rohini offering butter to Krsna to eat while Krsna’s father and brother hold Govardhana on their heads. This is out of excitement due to their affection (sneha katarah), according to the vaisnava tosini. Thus in this verse they are described as being excited and confused by their affection.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

This verse describes his meeting with his mother and others, who were more affectionate to him than the other cowherds and women, and were situated behind. Rohiṇī’s name is mentioned before Nanda’s name since Nanda gave her great respect, and she was the assistant of Yaśodā. Balarāma is called the best of the strong because, though he could have lifted Govardhana also, since he holds the earth on his head with ease in his expansion named Śeṣa, he was not inclined to do so because Kṛṣṇa desired to perform this pastime. Or, the phrase can indicate that he embraced Kṛṣṇa with great intensity. Agreeing with Kṛṣṇa’s desire, he remained silent, because of his great affection, his great strength and his knowledge, or in order to assist in glorifying Kṛṣṇa as the lifter of Govardhana. Thus he was not mentioned previously in the pastime. Yaśodā, Rohiṇī and Nanda blessed him saying, “Protect us always, be happy always, and attain all your desires at all times.” They were bewildered (kātarāḥ) because of their affection. In old drawings of lifting Govardhana it is sometimes seen that the elder women offer him butter to eat, and his father and uncles support Govardhana with their heads. In this way they became confused by their affection.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Tyaga (Renunciation / Letting Go)
Related verses

The most intimate ring closes in last — Yaśodā, Rohiṇī, Nanda, Balarāma — and they do not say anything before they embrace Him. The four bodies most fused to His own life simply touch Him, and the chapter that began with Indra's roar ends in the hush of family arms.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.31

↗
దివి దేవగణా: సిద్ధా: సాధ్యా గన్ధర్వచారణా: । తుష్టువుర్ముముచుస్తుష్టా: పుష్పవర్షాణి పార్థివ ॥ ౩౧ ॥
divi deva-gaṇāḥ siddhāḥ
[divi deva-ganaah siddhaah]
sādhyā gandharva-cāraṇāḥ
[saadhyaa gandharva-chaaranaah]
tuṣṭuvur mumucus tuṣṭāḥ
[tushtuvur mumuchus tushtaah]
puṣpa-varṣāṇi pārthiva
[pushpa-varshaani paarthiva]
divi — in the heavens deva - gaṇāḥ — the demigods siddhāḥ — the Siddhas sādhyāḥ — the Sādhyas gandharva - cāraṇāḥ — the Gandharvas and Cāraṇas tuṣṭuvuḥ — they recited the Lord’s praises mumucuḥ — they released tuṣṭāḥ — being satisfied puṣpa - varṣāṇi — downpours of flowers pārthiva — O King (Parīkṣit) .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
divi deva-gaṇāḥ siddhāḥ
divi
in the heavens
deva - gaṇāḥ
the demigods
siddhāḥ
the Siddhas
sādhyā gandharva-cāraṇāḥ
sādhyāḥ
the Sādhyas
gandharva - cāraṇāḥ
the Gandharvas and Cāraṇas
tuṣṭuvur mumucus tuṣṭāḥ
tuṣṭuvuḥ
they recited the Lord’s praises
mumucuḥ
they released
tuṣṭāḥ
being satisfied
puṣpa-varṣāṇi pārthiva
puṣpa - varṣāṇi
downpours of flowers
pārthiva
O King (Parīkṣit) .
  • tuṣṭuvuḥ — they recited (His) praises
    Perfect of √stu. Stuti — formal praise. The same verb used of the Vedas (e.g. Puruṣa-sūkta). Upper devatās perform stuti as the necessary correction of Indra's earlier abuse — the divine cosmos rebalances around Kṛṣṇa.
  • puṣpa - varṣāṇi — showers of flowers
    puṣpa (flower) + varṣa (rain). The line plays with varṣa — the same word that named Indra's downpour. Rain has changed substance. Gauḍīya tone: Bhagavān does not destroy the offender's elements; He transforms them.
  • tuṣṭāḥ — being satisfied
    From √tuṣ — to be pleased. Tuṣṭi is a recurring Bhāgavata word — the devotee's natural state in Kṛṣṇa's presence. The upper devatās fall briefly into the same condition as Vraja, sharing one rasa across worlds.
  • siddhāḥ — the Siddhas
    From √sidh — accomplished beings. A class of celestial perfections. Their inclusion specifies the breadth of recognition: even the perfected upper-region yogīs join the gopa-village's praise. The līlā has reordered svarga.
In the heavens, O King, all the demigods, including the Siddhas, Sādhyas, Gandharvas and Cāraṇas, sang the praises of Lord Kṛṣṇa and showered down flowers in great satisfaction.

The demigods in heaven were just as jubilant as the residents of Vṛndāvana, and thus a great universal festival took place.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
In the heavens, O King, all the demigods, including the Siddhas, Sādhyas, Gandharvas and Cāraṇas, sang the praises of Lord Kṛṣṇa and showered down flowers in great satisfaction.
Commentary

Just as the inhabitants of Vraja were full of bliss, so the devatas were also overjoyed. That is described in this verse.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Not only the people of Vraja became joyful, but the inhabitants of heaven also celebrated. This is described in two verses. “Since Indra suffered broken pride, why did they act in this way?” They were satisfied and joyful by seeing the sweet pastime of Kṛṣṇa and the destruction of Indra’s pride, which made him commit a criminal act. Or, Śukadeva calls out to Parīkṣit in astonishment, since the devatās rejoiced even though their king had suffered. Or, just as one properly ignores the governor in deference to the king, so the devatās properly ignored Indra in deference to the Supreme Lord. O Parīkṣit, this is known to you. It should be understood that Indra was not angry by having his pride destroyed.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses

Above the seven-day vigil the upper-region devatās drop their flowers — Siddhas, Sādhyas, Gandharvas, Cāraṇas. The same heavens that hosted Indra's clouds now release a different precipitation. Rain has been replaced by puṣpa-vṛṣṭi: the sky cannot help becoming a worshipper.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.32

↗
శఙ్ఖదున్దుభయో నేదుర్దివి దేవప్రచోదితా: । జగుర్గన్ధర్వపతయస్తుమ్బురుప్రముఖా నృప ॥ ౩౨ ॥
śaṅkha-dundubhayo nedur
[shankha-dundubhayo nedur]
divi deva-pracoditāḥ
[divi deva-prachoditaah]
jagur gandharva-patayas
[jagur gandharva-patayas]
tumburu-pramukhā nṛpa
[tumburu-pramukhaa nripa]
śaṅkha — conchshells dundubhayaḥ — and kettledrums neduḥ — resounded divi — in the heavenly planets deva - pracoditāḥ — played by the demigods jaguḥ — sang gandharva - patayaḥ — the chiefs of the Gandharvas tumburu - pramukhāḥ — led by Tumburu nṛpa — my dear King .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śaṅkha-dundubhayo nedur
śaṅkha
conchshells
dundubhayaḥ
and kettledrums
neduḥ
resounded
divi deva-pracoditāḥ
divi
in the heavenly planets
deva - pracoditāḥ
played by the demigods
jagur gandharva-patayas
jaguḥ
sang
gandharva - patayaḥ
the chiefs of the Gandharvas
tumburu-pramukhā nṛpa
tumburu - pramukhāḥ
led by Tumburu
nṛpa
my dear King .
  • śaṅkha — conchshells
    The pāñcajanya class of conch — emblematic of Viṣṇu (Pāñcajanya in Kṛṣṇa's hand) and of victory. Its sound in this verse is the cosmic echo of Govardhana-līlā: the upper region announces what Vraja has performed.
  • tumburu - pramukhāḥ — led by Tumburu
    Tumburu — the chief Gandharva, master of celestial music. His leading the song signals the highest tier of svarga-sangīta has been redirected to Kṛṣṇa. Gauḍīyas note: every art reaches its perfection only when offered at His feet.
  • deva - pracoditāḥ — played by the demigods
    deva + pracodita (incited, set in motion). The demigods themselves drive the instruments. The verb is a quiet correction: deva-pracoditāḥ — devatās moving in the Lord's direction — is the proper deployment of celestial śakti.
  • neduḥ — resounded
    From √nad. The Veda uses the same verb of mantras and conches that announce sacred events. Heaven's nāda has joined Vraja's nāma-saṅkīrtana — one sound, two altitudes.
My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The instruments were played skillfully and amazingly (pra--coditāḥ) by the devatās. Or, the instruments were played by the musicians inspired by the dancing and singing. Divi is mentioned twice to indicate that the devatās in heaven were not afraid of Indra by acting in this way. Śukadeva calls to Parīkṣit out of bliss, or to indicate that the king also celebrates in this way.

Related values
Daksya (Resourcefulness / Skill)Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Tapas (Austerity / Discipline)Seva (Service / Selfless Action)Vinaya (Humility / Modesty)Ishvara Pranidhana (Surrender to God)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva

Conchshells and kettledrums sound; Tumburu and the Gandharva-chiefs sing. The same heavens that supplied the storm now supply the music — and the music is not for Indra; it is for the boy whose finger held up the hill. Heaven's music has changed its dedicatee.

📝 My note

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.25.33

↗
తతోఽనురక్తై: పశుపై: పరిశ్రితోరాజన్ స్వగోష్ఠం సబలోఽవ్రజద్ధరి: । తథావిధాన్యస్య కృతాని గోపికాగాయన్త్య ఈయుర్ముదితా హృదిస్పృశ: ॥ ౩౩ ॥
tato ’nuraktaiḥ paśupaiḥ pariśrito
[tato ’nuraktaih pashupaih parishrito]
rājan sva-goṣṭhaṁ sa-balo ’vrajad dhariḥ
[raajan sva-goshtham sa-balo ’vrajad dharih]
tathā-vidhāny asya kṛtāni gopikā
[tathaa-vidhaany asya kritaani gopikaa]
gāyantya īyur muditā hṛdi-spṛśaḥ
[gaayantya eeyur muditaa hridi-sprishah]
tataḥ — then anuraktaiḥ — loving paśu - paiḥ — by the cowherd boys pariśritaḥ — surrounded rājan — O King sva - goṣṭham — to the place where He was tending His own cows sa - balaḥ — together with Lord Balarāma avrajat — went off hariḥ — Kṛṣṇa tathā - vidhāni — such as this (lifting of Govardhana) asya — of Him kṛtāni — the activities gopikāḥ — the cowherd girls gāyantyaḥ — singing īyuḥ — they went muditāḥ — happily hṛdi - spṛśaḥ — of Him who touched them within their hearts .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tato ’nuraktaiḥ paśupaiḥ pariśrito
tataḥ
then
rājan sva-goṣṭhaṁ sa-balo ’vrajad dhariḥ
anuraktaiḥ
loving
paśu - paiḥ
by the cowherd boys
pariśritaḥ
surrounded
rājan
O King
sva - goṣṭham
to the place where He was tending His own cows
tathā-vidhāny asya kṛtāni gopikā
gāyantya īyur muditā hṛdi-spṛśaḥ
sa - balaḥ
together with Lord Balarāma
avrajat
went off
hariḥ
Kṛṣṇa
tathā - vidhāni
such as this (lifting of Govardhana)
asya
of Him
kṛtāni
the activities
gopikāḥ
the cowherd girls
gāyantyaḥ
singing
īyuḥ
they went
muditāḥ
happily
hṛdi - spṛśaḥ
of Him who touched them within their hearts .
  • hṛdi - spṛśaḥ — (of Him) who touches the heart from within
    hṛd (heart) + spṛś (touching). One of the chapter's most loved phrases in Gauḍīya literature — the touch is interior, not external. Kṛṣṇa's hand that lifted Govardhana is the same hand that, invisible, has touched every gopī's heart.
  • gopikāḥ — the cowherd girls
    Feminine of gopa. In Gauḍīya rasa-theory, the gopīs are mādhurya-rasa's perfection — Kṛṣṇa's most intimate devotees, models for the rāgānuga sādhaka. Their walking home singing is the chapter's true crown.
  • gāyantyaḥ — singing
    Present participle, feminine plural, of √gai. Singing is itself sādhana in Gauḍīya practice — kīrtana, gīta, dhvani. The gopīs invent the līlā-gāna in this line; every kīrtana since is a continuation.
  • anuraktaiḥ — loving (lit. attached)
    anu + rakta (colored, attached, dyed). From √rañj — to be dyed. The cowherd boys are 'dyed' in love for Kṛṣṇa. Rāga (color, love) and rāgānuga (the path of following such love) take their name from this root.
Surrounded by His loving cowherd boyfriends and Lord Balarāma, Kṛṣṇa then went off to the place where He had been tending His cows. The cowherd girls returned to their homes, singing joyfully about the lifting of Govardhana Hill and other glorious deeds performed by Lord Kṛṣṇa, who had so deeply touched their hearts.

Before returning to their homes, the gopīs shared intimate association with their lover, Śrī Kṛṣṇa, by exchanging secret glances. Ordinarily they could not publicly talk about Kṛṣṇa, since they were chaste young girls in a religious village, but now they took advantage of this wonderful exhibition by the Lord and freely sang of His beautiful qualities. It is natural that a young man wants to do something wonderful in the presence of a beautiful young girl. The gopīs were the most beautiful and pure-hearted young girls, and Śrī Kṛṣṇa performed the most wonderful activities in their presence. Thus He entered deep within their tender hearts, enlivening their eternal devotion to Him. Thus end the purports of the humble servants of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda to the Tenth Canto, Twenty-fifth Chapter, of the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, entitled “Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Surrounded by His loving cowherd boyfriends and Lord Balarāma, Kṛṣṇa then went off to the place where He had been tending His cows. The cowherd girls returned to their homes, singing joyfully about the lifting of Govardhana Hill and other glorious deeds performed by Lord Kṛṣṇa, who had so deeply touched their hearts.
Commentary

While Krsna was lifting up Govardhana, Radha and the other dear gopis were glancing at him from far off, unnoticed by others. When they were returning to their houses they were singing with love. It should be understood that they had the ability to make songs about his activities at that moment. Hrdi sprsah gopyah can mean the gopis who touched krsna in their heart filled with prema, or who always meditated on Krsna. Or it can mean gopis whom Krsna touched to his chest or in his mind, that is , who were very dear to Krsna. In other words it describes Krsna’s quality.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Out of great joy, as if singing, Śukadeva describes their entrance into Vraja. He was surrounded completely by the cowherds since they were attracted to him (anuraktaiḥ). He (saḥ) who lifted Govardhana to protect Vraja, came to his house. Instead of saḥ goṣṭham sometimes sva-gosṭham is seen. He entered his own house, that of Nanda, within the village (goṣṭham). Out of bliss everyone went to his house. He is called Hari because he took away the suffering of Vraja caused by Indra’s pride and because he was most attractive in performing this pastime. All the gopīs became joyful. They were able to skillfully compose songs at that moment.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Kṛṣṇa’s entrance into the village, while the gopīs sang, is described. He was surrounded by the cowherds because they by nature had great affection for him (anuraktaiḥ). Cowherds includes others, everyone living in Vraja, for he was the life of Vraja. (SB 10.25.22) It was described that the servants and priests also had entered the hole. O king (rajan)! Śukadeva calls for the attention of Parīkṣit who was bewildered by great joy. Or Kṛṣṇa shone (rajan), surrounded by the others affectionately. Saḥ indicates he who held up Govardhana to protect Vraja or he whose face was seen by the gopīs for seven days continuously or he who is the lord of your life (for Parīkṣit). He was with Balarām (sabalaḥ), holding hands or exchanging affection. Out of fear of the rain everyone had come close to Kṛṣṇa, who was in the center in order to hold up Govardhana. Now with them he went back to Vraja. One version has sa goṣṭham and another has sva-goṣṭham. Giving up other residences at of Govardhana, Kṛṣṇa entered his residence at Nanda’s place. He was surrounded by the cowherds. They came with him in great joy. He had taken away Inda’s pride and the suffering of the people (hariḥ), and attracted everyone with pastimes. He gave even more happiness to the gopīs. They were overjoyed by singing about the activities of Kṛṣṇa who attracts everyone’s heart (hṛdi-śpṛsaḥ), after seeing his sweet pastime. Or they were overjoyed by the nature of the singing. Or they were overjoyed by singing about activities which were indescribable (tathāvidhāni). Kṛtāni is in the plural though it refers to one event, lifting Govardhana, out of respect. Thus end the purports of the humble servants of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda to the Tenth Canto, Twenty-fifth Chapter, of the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, entitled "Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill." 10.26: Wonderful Kṛṣṇa verses: Summary, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Chapter Summary In this chapter Nanda Mahārāja describes Kṛṣṇa's opulences to the cowherd men, as Nanda had heard of them from Garga Muni. The cowherd men, unaware of Lord Kṛṣṇa's power, were amazed to see His various extraordinary activities. The men approached Nanda Mahārāja and told him that after seeing how Kṛṣṇa, a boy only seven years old, had lifted a mountain, and how He had previously killed the demoness Pūtanā and generated extreme attraction in the hearts of everyone in Vṛndāvana, the men had become doubtful and bewildered about how Śrī Kṛṣṇa could possibly have taken birth in the unsuitable environment of a cowherd community. Nanda replied by relating to them what Garga Muni had told him about Śrī Kṛṣṇa. Garga Muni had said that in the previous three ages Nanda's boy had manifested Himself in white, red and yellow forms, whereas now, in the Dvāpara age, He had assumed His darkish-blue form, kṛṣṇa-rūpa. Because He descended as the son of Vasudeva, one of His many names is Vāsudeva, and He has innumerable other names indicating His many qualities and activities. Garga Muni had predicted that Kṛṣṇa would prevent all sorts of catastrophes in Gokula, spread unlimited auspiciousness, and increase the ecstasy of the cowherd men and women. In a previous age He had provided protection for the saintly brāhmaṇas when they were harassed by low-class dacoits and there was no proper ruler in society. As the demons in the higher planets can never defeat the demigods who have Lord Viṣṇu on their side, no enemy can ever defeat those who love Kṛṣṇa. In His affinity for His devotees and in His opulence and power, Kṛṣṇa is just like Lord Nārāyaṇa Himself. Overjoyed and awestruck by Garga Muni's statements, the cowherd men concluded that Kṛṣṇa must be an empowered representative of the Supreme Lord, Nārāyaṇa. Thus they worshiped Him and Nanda Mahārāja.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses

Kṛṣṇa walks back to the pasture surrounded by His friends and Balarāma, His arm probably on a cowherd boy's shoulder. The gopīs return to their homes carrying nothing but His pastime in their throats; they hum the lifting of Govardhana all the way back, and the chapter's final image is not a Lord on a mountain but a song in women's voices walking through evening.

The gopīs' bhramara-gīta

Later, when Kṛṣṇa leaves Vṛndāvana for Mathurā, the gopīs will sing His pastimes to a bumblebee (SB 10.47) — the songs become inseparable from their breath. The pattern starts here, in this verse.

Gauḍīya kavis trace bhramara-gīta and every gopī-song back to the small line at the end of chapter 25: gāyantyaḥ, singing. From the day Kṛṣṇa held up the hill, song became the gopīs' interior weather.

Caitanya at Govardhana, eyes closed

Centuries later, on tour through Vṛndāvana, Caitanya Mahāprabhu came near Govardhana Hill and could go no closer — overcome by the very rasa this verse names hṛdi-spṛśaḥ, 'touching the heart from within.' He sang and wept and would not climb.

Caitanya-caritāmṛta reads this chapter as the source-spring of His own ecstasy. The gopikāḥ gāyantyaḥ īyuḥ muditāḥ is not a closing decoration; it is the founding hymn of the Gauḍīya line.

📝 My note