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5.22 · The Orbits of the Planets

17 verses
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Book Bhagavata Canto 5 · R.E.A.P
P Planetary Systems SB 5.20–5.26 · 12 sub-topics Open on bhagavata.keshavaswami.com ↗
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P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Sukadeva Goswami offered further details of the universe – the seven oceans and seven islands they surround, Lord Brahma’s lotus flower, the sun’s movements, the planetary orbits, the Sisumara planetary systems and Lord Anantadeva. He concluded by giving a vivid description of the hellish planets which facilitate a variety of torturous experiences to reengineer the consciousness of the wayward souls.

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P - Planetary Systems (20-26)

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Sukadeva Goswami offered further details of the universe – the seven oceans and seven islands they surround, Lord Brahma’s lotus flower, the sun’s movements, the planetary orbits, the Sisumara planetary systems and Lord Anantadeva. He concluded by giving a vivid description of the hellish planets which facilitate a variety of torturous experiences to reengineer the consciousness of the wayward souls.

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Hellish Planets

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Hellish Planets Chapter 26 To rectify the sinful mentality of deviant living entities, Krishna subjects them to punishment and suffering in one of the twenty-eight hellish planets situated below Patala. For every destructive activity, there is a particular reaction that one is subjected to. While the graphic descriptions may seem harsh, such experiences are sometimes required to jolt a change in consciousness. On the other hand, those who adhere to religious life are elevated to higher planetary systems where the demigods reside. In due course, once their pious credits have been exhausted, they return to this earthly realm. Sukadeva Goswami finally described the Universal Form of the Lord and glorified the Lord’s activities.

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Lord Anantadeva

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Lord Anantadeva Chapter 25 Lord Ananta, whose body is completely spiritual, resides at the root of the planet Patala. He remains in the core of Lord Siva’s heart, helping him to destroy the universes as required. He is the original deity of material consciousness, and because He attracts all living entities, He is also known as Sankarsana. The entire material world rests upon His hoods. Because Lord Sankarsana is an expansion of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, many devotees offer Him prayers, and in the planetary system of Patala, all the suras , asuras , Gandharvas, Vidyadharas and learned sages offer Him their respectful obeisances.

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Movements of the Sun

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Movements of the Sun Chapter 21 The sun is not stationary, but rather rotates on the sun-god’s chariot which is drawn by seven horses. Its movements determine the duration of night and day. When moving northwards above the equator, the sun moves slowly during the day and quickly at night, thus creating a longer daytime and shorter nighttime. The opposite is true when the sun travels south of the equator. 60,000 sages, the Valikhilyas, worship the sun-god with beautiful prayers.

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Orbits of the Planets and Sisumara

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Orbits of the Planets and Sisumara Chapter 22, 23 The various configurations of the moon and other planets have positive and negative influences on living beings. This is what we commonly call the ‘influence of the stars.’ The sun rotates through the time circle of the zodiac, represented by twelve astrological signs, and assumes different names according to the sign it is in. Dhruvaloka, awarded to the exalted Dhruva Maharaja, continues to exist even when the universe is partially destroyed. It is recognised as the polestar and Lord Vishnu’s abode within this universe. Situated above the seven stars, it acts as a central pivot around which all the planetary systems revolve, impelled by eternal time. In Dhruvaloka are the planets of Agni, Indra, Prajapati, Kasyapa and Dharma, all of whom are very respectful to the great devotee Dhruva. Those who worship the Universal Form of the Lord ( virat-purusa ) conceive of this entire rotating system of planets as a dolphin-like animal known as sisumara . To concentrate their minds, yogis worship the Sisumara planetary system, which is technically known as the kundalini-cakra .

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Six Islands

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Six Islands Chapter 20 Having described Jambudvipa, Sukadeva Goswami next described the other six islands that make up Bhu-mandala. The first five of these islands have seven varsas , while the final island (Puskaradvipa) has two varsas . Jambudvipa, described previously, has nine varsas . The original rulers of these dvipas were the sons of Priyavrata, and the islands were named after them. At the periphery of Bhu-mandala are the famous Lokaloka mountain ranges. Sukadeva Goswami thus described the entire structure of Bhu-Mandala.

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Subterranean Heavens

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Subterranean Heavens Chapter 24 Rahu, which is situated below the sun and moon, often conceals them and causes total or partial eclipses to occur. Below Rahu are the planets of the Siddhas, Charanas and Vidyadharas, and below these are planets such as Yaksaloka and Raksaloka. Below these planets is the earth, and below the earth are the lower planetary systems - Atala, Vitala, Sutala, Talatala, Mahatala, Rasatala and Patala. These are known as bila-svarga , or subterranean heavens (there are also earthly heavens, bhauma-svarga , and celestial heavens, divya-svarga ). Demons and Raksasas live in these lower planetary systems with their associates, always engaged in sense gratification and oblivious to the suffering awaiting them in their future births.

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Universal Map

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Universal Map “One should understand the nature of karma, vikarma and akarma , and one must act accordingly. This is the law of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The conditioned souls, who have come to this material world for sense gratification, are allowed to enjoy their senses under certain regulative principles. If they violate these regulations, they are judged and punished by Yamaraja. He brings them to the hellish planets and properly chastises them to bring them back to Krishna consciousness. By the influence of maya , however, the conditioned souls remain infatuated with the mode of ignorance. Thus, in spite of repeated punishment by Yamaraja, they do not come to their senses, but continue to live within the material condition, committing sinful activities again and again.” (SB 5.26.6) Many people wonder whether heaven and hell are mythological concepts fabricated by religious storytellers. Fear and reward, after all, are powerful tools to coax people into a certain way of living. Such ideas, for example, may encourage people to lead moral lives in the hope of attaining heaven after death. Interestingly, however, we can perceive heaven and hell even on this planet we live in. In front of our eyes, we see that such disparity indeed exists - from abject poverty to extreme luxury. Why shouldn’t a similar disparity exist within the universe? Srimad-Bhagavatam is aimed at ushering us into the spiritual world which is beautifully described in Canto Ten. To attain that supreme destination, we must know the nature and mechanics of the world we are currently residing in. The material world consists of upper, middle and lower sections, totalling fourteen levels of planetary systems with different standards of life and durations of existence. Yoga systems elevate one up the material universes, and ultimately beyond, while neglect of such spiritual guidance will cause the living entity to degrade to lower statuses of life. Srila Prabhupada compared the material world to a prison where the criminals occupy various grades of cells. Depending on the severity of the crime, the criminal is put into a certain cell – the most unpleasant cells are reserved for the harshest crimes. Similarly, this universe acts like a prisonhouse where the rebellious souls are sent for consciousness purification. Depending on our past activities, we are put into a certain living condition where we enjoy or suffer the results of our acts. For extremely pious acts, we are sent to heaven to enjoy godly delights. For sinful acts, we glide into hellish situations to painful rectification.

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Higher Planets

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Universal Map Higher Planets The happiness and pleasures experienced by the denizens of heaven are immensely superior to those found on earth. The chief of the administrative demigods, Indra, is the king of heaven. Indraloka, the planet where Indra resides, has gardens where one can associate with beautiful, angelic personalities and enjoy a profuse supply of soma-rasa , a celestial intoxicant. There are magnificent palaces, beautiful landscapes and endless gardens with aromatic flowers. In contrast to the heavenly planets, the sense enjoyment on earth is insignificant and is experienced on an extremely gross level. The term deathless, amara , is often used to describe the residents of the heavenly planets because their span of life is inconceivably long. Although they live for millions of years by our calculation, none within the material worlds can live there eternally.

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Lower Planets (Hells)

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Universal Map Lower Planets (Hells) Beneath the planet Patalaloka, and slightly above the water of the Garbhodaka Ocean, are the Narakalokas, or the hellish planetary systems. The 28 planets offer different degrees of suffering for those who must endure life there. Here on earth we can see many hellish circumstances of suffering for people, but nothing like what is experienced on these planets. They are said to be a place of rectification for those who commit the most abominable actions while living as humans on the earthly plane. Although life here seems like it goes on for an eternity, in actuality the duration of one’s ‘karmic sentence’ here may be only seconds or moments.

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Lower Planets (Subterranean Heavens)

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Universal Map Lower Planets (Subterranean Heavens) Below the earth are seven other systems called Atala, Vitala, Sutala, Talatala, Mahatala, Rasatala, and Patala. These lower planets are populated by persons of great power and opulence, yet of demoniac consciousness. They have reached here through austerity aimed at material enjoyment without spiritual development. The residents enjoy a standard of material comfort more opulent than even the higher planets due to their desires for high standards of sensual enjoyment, wealth and influence. The residents are known as Daityas, Danavas and Nagas and are all engaged in illusory material enjoyment with no thought of spiritual liberation. Since time is not divided into days and nights due to no sunshine reaching these planets, they have no fear produced by time. Only at the time of dissolution does anxiety and fear consume them.

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Middle Planets

P - Planetary Systems (20-26) Universal Map Middle Planets Within the earthly sphere there is a combination of the happiness found in the heavens and the suffering of hell. As mentioned previously, birth in the earthly realm is considered most conducive for this reason – neither is there excessive happiness which may cause one to become complacent and comfortable, nor is there extreme suffering that can overshadow any deeper searching. Bhu- mandala is shaped like a lotus flower and the seven planetary systems are in the whorl of the lotus. As the sunshine reaches earth from 93,000,000 miles, this is the radius of the plane of Bhu-mandala. “The residents of both heaven and hell desire human birth on the earth planet because human life facilitates the achievement of transcendental knowledge and love of Godhead, whereas neither heavenly nor hellish bodies efficiently provide such opportunities.” (SB 11.20.12)

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— S.B. Keshava Swami, Book Bhagavata

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.1

↗
రాజోవాచ యదేతద్భ‍గవత ఆదిత్యస్య మేరుం ధ్రువం చ ప్రదక్షిణేన పరిక్రామతో రాశీనామభిముఖం ప్రచలితం చాప్రదక్షిణం భగవతోపవర్ణితమముష్య వయం కథమనుమిమీమహీతి ॥ ౧ ॥
rājovāca
[raajovaacha]
yad etad bhagavata ādityasya meruṁ dhruvaṁ ca pradakṣiṇena parikrāmato rāśīnām abhimukhaṁ pracalitaṁ cāpradakṣiṇaṁ bhagavatopavarṇitam amuṣya vayaṁ katham anumimīmahīti.
[yad etad bhagavata aadityasya merum dhruvam cha pradakshinena parikraamato raasheenaam abhimukham prachalitam chaapradakshinam bhagavatopavarnitam amushya vayam katham anumimeemaheeti.]
Word-for-word
rājā uvāca — the King (Mahārāja Parīkṣit) inquired yat — which etat — this bhagavataḥ — of the most powerful ādityasya — of the sun (Sūrya Nārāyaṇa) merum — the mountain known as Sumeru dhruvam ca — as well as the planet known as Dhruvaloka pradakṣiṇena — by placing on the right parikrāmataḥ — which is going around rāśīnām — the different signs of the zodiac abhimukham — facing toward pracalitam — moving ca — and apradakṣiṇam — placing on the left bhagavatā — by Your Lordship upavarṇitam — described amuṣya — of that vayam — we (the hearer) katham — how anumimīmahi — can accept it by argument and inference iti — thus.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
rājovāca
rājā uvāca
the King (Mahārāja Parīkṣit) inquired
yad etad bhagavata ādityasya meruṁ dhruvaṁ ca pradakṣiṇena parikrāmato rāśīnām abhimukhaṁ pracalitaṁ cāpradakṣiṇaṁ bhagavatopavarṇitam amuṣya vayaṁ katham anumimīmahīti.
yat
which
etat
this
bhagavataḥ
of the most powerful
ādityasya
of the sun (Sūrya Nārāyaṇa)
merum
the mountain known as Sumeru
dhruvam ca
as well as the planet known as Dhruvaloka
pradakṣiṇena
by placing on the right
parikrāmataḥ
which is going around
rāśīnām
the different signs of the zodiac
abhimukham
facing toward
pracalitam
moving
ca
and
apradakṣiṇam
placing on the left
bhagavatā
by Your Lordship
upavarṇitam
described
amuṣya
of that
vayam
we (the hearer)
katham
how
anumimīmahi
can accept it by argument and inference
iti
thus.
King Parīkṣit inquired from Śukadeva Gosvāmī: My dear lord, you have already affirmed the truth that the supremely powerful sun-god travels around Dhruvaloka with both Dhruvaloka and Mount Sumeru on his right. Yet at the same time the sun-god faces the signs of the zodiac and keeps Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on his left. How can we reasonably accept that the sun-god proceeds with Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on both his left and right simultaneously?
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
King Parīkṣit said: My dear lord, you have already affirmed the truth that the supremely powerful sun-god travels around Dhruvaloka with both Dhruvaloka and Mount Sumeru on his right. Yet at the same time the sun-god faces the signs of the zodiac and keeps Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on his left. How can we accept that the sun-god proceeds with Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on both his left and right simultaneously? The Twenty-second Chapter describes the various speed of the sun in the zodiac, the placement of various planets and their auspicious and inauspicious effects. In the previous chapter (SB 5.21.8) it was mentioned that the Sun travels with its left side Meru facing the zodiac and also travels with its right side to Meru. Parīkṣit asks for clarification. Daily the sun appears to be moving in a clockwise direction. However you have said that, facing the constellations, the sun goes counterclockwise. How can this b e conceived, since it is contradictory?
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Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.2

↗
స హోవాచ యథా కులాలచక్రేణ భ్రమతా సహ భ్రమతాం తదాశ్రయాణాం పిపీలికాదీనాం గతిరన్యైవ ప్రదేశాన్తరేష్వప్యుపలభ్యమానత్వాదేవం నక్షత్రరాశిభిరుపలక్షితేన కాలచక్రేణ ధ్రువం మేరుం చ ప్రదక్షిణేన పరిధావతా సహ పరిధావమానానాం తదాశ్రయాణాం సూర్యాదీనాం గ్రహాణాం గతిరన్యైవ నక్షత్రాన్తరే రాశ్యన్తరే చోపలభ్యమానత్వాత్ ॥ ౨ ॥
sa hovāca
[sa hovaacha]
yathā kulāla-cakreṇa bhramatā saha bhramatāṁ tad-āśrayāṇāṁ pipīlikādīnāṁ gatir anyaiva pradeśāntareṣv apy upalabhyamānatvād evaṁ nakṣatra-rāśibhir upalakṣitena kāla-cakreṇa dhruvaṁ meruṁ ca pradakṣiṇena paridhāvatā saha paridhāvamānānāṁ tad-āśrayāṇāṁ sūryādīnāṁ grahāṇāṁ gatir anyaiva nakṣatrāntare rāśy-antare copalabhyamānatvāt.
[yathaa kulaala-chakrena bhramataa saha bhramataam tad-aashrayaanaam pipeelikaadeenaam gatir anyaiva pradeshaantareshv apy upalabhyamaanatvaad evam nakshatra-raashibhir upalakshitena kaala-chakrena dhruvam merum cha pradakshinena paridhaavataa saha paridhaavamaanaanaam tad-aashrayaanaam sooryaadeenaam grahaanaam gatir anyaiva nakshatraantare raashy-antare chopalabhyamaanatvaat.]
Word-for-word
saḥ — Śukadeva Gosvāmī ha — very clearly uvāca — answered yathā — just as kulāla-cakreṇa — a potter’s wheel bhramatā — turning around saha — with bhramatām — of those turning around tat-āśrayāṇām — being located on that (wheel) pipīlika-ādīnām — of small ants gatiḥ — the motion anyā — other eva — certainly pradeśa-antareṣu — in different locations api — also upalabhyamānatvāt — due to being experienced evam — similarly nakṣatra-rāśibhiḥ — by the stars and signs upalakṣitena — being seen kāla-cakreṇa — with the great wheel of time dhruvam — the star known as Dhruvaloka merum — the mountain known as Sumeru ca — and pradakṣiṇena — on the right paridhāvatā — going around saha — with paridhāvamānānām — of those going around tat-āśrayāṇām — whose shelter is that wheel of time sūrya-ādīnām — headed by the sun grahāṇām — of the planets gatiḥ — the motion anyā — other eva — certainly nakṣatra-antare — in different stars rāśi-antare — in different signs ca — and upalabhyamānatvāt — due to being observed.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
sa hovāca
saḥ
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
yathā kulāla-cakreṇa bhramatā saha bhramatāṁ tad-āśrayāṇāṁ pipīlikādīnāṁ gatir anyaiva pradeśāntareṣv apy upalabhyamānatvād evaṁ nakṣatra-rāśibhir upalakṣitena kāla-cakreṇa dhruvaṁ meruṁ ca pradakṣiṇena paridhāvatā saha paridhāvamānānāṁ tad-āśrayāṇāṁ sūryādīnāṁ grahāṇāṁ gatir anyaiva nakṣatrāntare rāśy-antare copalabhyamānatvāt.
ha
very clearly
uvāca
answered
yathā
just as
kulāla-cakreṇa
a potter’s wheel
bhramatā
turning around
saha
with
bhramatām
of those turning around
tat-āśrayāṇām
being located on that (wheel)
pipīlika-ādīnām
of small ants
gatiḥ
the motion
anyā
other
eva
certainly
pradeśa-antareṣu
in different locations
api
also
upalabhyamānatvāt
due to being experienced
evam
similarly
nakṣatra-rāśibhiḥ
by the stars and signs
upalakṣitena
being seen
kāla-cakreṇa
with the great wheel of time
dhruvam
the star known as Dhruvaloka
merum
the mountain known as Sumeru
ca
and
pradakṣiṇena
on the right
paridhāvatā
going around
saha
with
paridhāvamānānām
of those going around
tat-āśrayāṇām
whose shelter is that wheel of time
sūrya-ādīnām
headed by the sun
grahāṇām
of the planets
gatiḥ
the motion
anyā
other
eva
certainly
nakṣatra-antare
in different stars
rāśi-antare
in different signs
ca
and
upalabhyamānatvāt
due to being observed.
Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī clearly answered: When a potter’s wheel is moving and small ants located on that big wheel are moving with it, one can see that their motion is different from that of the wheel because they appear sometimes on one part of the wheel and sometimes on another. Similarly, the signs and constellations, with Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on their right, move with the wheel of time, and the antlike sun and other planets move with them. The sun and planets, however, are seen in different signs and constellations at different times. This indicates that their motion is different from that of the zodiac and the wheel of time itself.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva said: Just as the motion of ants on a potter’s wheel moving in the opposite direction from the rotation of the wheel is different from that of the wheel, because they can be observed moving from place to place on the wheel, the motion of the planets and sun moving with the wheel of time which is moving clockwise around Meru and Dhruva as seen by the stars is different from the movement of the wheel of time, since they can be observed moving in different constellations and zodiac signs (in the opposite direction). Śukadeva clarifies his statement. They are moving in the opposite direction from the wheel (bhramatā saha bhramatām). There is no contradiction since there are two separate movements: the movement of the wheel and the individual movement.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.3

↗
స ఏష భగవానాదిపురుష ఏవ సాక్షాన్నారాయణో లోకానాం స్వస్తయ ఆత్మానం త్రయీమయం కర్మవిశుద్ధినిమిత్తం కవిభిరపి చ వేదేన విజిజ్ఞాస్యమానో ద్వాదశధా విభజ్య షట్‌సు వసన్తాదిష్వృతుషు యథోపజోషమృతుగుణాన్ విదధాతి ॥ ౩ ॥
sa eṣa bhagavān ādi-puruṣa eva sākṣān nārāyaṇo lokānāṁ svastaya ātmānaṁ trayīmayaṁ karma-viśuddhi-nimittaṁ kavibhir api ca vedena vijijṣāsyamāno dvādaśadhā vibhajya ṣaṭsu vasantādiṣv ṛtuṣu yathopa-joṣam ṛtu-guṇān vidadhāti.
[sa esha bhagavaan aadi-purusha eva saakshaan naaraayano lokaanaam svastaya aatmaanam trayeemayam karma-vishuddhi-nimittam kavibhir api cha vedena vijijshaasyamaano dvaadashadhaa vibhajya shatsu vasantaadishv ritushu yathopa-josham ritu-gunaan vidadhaati.]
Word-for-word
saḥ — that eṣaḥ — this bhagavān — the supremely powerful ādi-puruṣaḥ — the original person eva — certainly sākṣāt — directly nārāyaṇaḥ — the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Nārāyaṇa lokānām — of all the planets svastaye — for the benefit ātmānam — Himself trayī-mayam — consisting of the three Vedas (Sāma, Yajur and Ṛg) karma-viśuddhi — of purification of fruitive activities nimittam — the cause kavibhiḥ — by great saintly persons api — also ca — and vedena — by Vedic knowledge vijijṣāsyamānaḥ — being inquired about dvādaśa-dhā — in twelve divisions vibhajya — dividing ṣaṭsu — in six vasanta-ādiṣu — headed by spring ṛtuṣu — seasons yathā-upajoṣam — according to the enjoyment of their past activities ṛtu-guṇān — the qualities of the different seasons vidadhāti — he arranges.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
sa eṣa bhagavān ādi-puruṣa eva sākṣān nārāyaṇo lokānāṁ svastaya ātmānaṁ trayīmayaṁ karma-viśuddhi-nimittaṁ kavibhir api ca vedena vijijṣāsyamāno dvādaśadhā vibhajya ṣaṭsu vasantādiṣv ṛtuṣu yathopa-joṣam ṛtu-guṇān vidadhāti.
saḥ
that
eṣaḥ
this
bhagavān
the supremely powerful
ādi-puruṣaḥ
the original person
eva
certainly
sākṣāt
directly
nārāyaṇaḥ
the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Nārāyaṇa
lokānām
of all the planets
svastaye
for the benefit
ātmānam
Himself
trayī-mayam
consisting of the three Vedas (Sāma, Yajur and Ṛg)
karma-viśuddhi
of purification of fruitive activities
nimittam
the cause
kavibhiḥ
by great saintly persons
api
also
ca
and
vedena
by Vedic knowledge
vijijṣāsyamānaḥ
being inquired about
dvādaśa-dhā
in twelve divisions
vibhajya
dividing
ṣaṭsu
in six
vasanta-ādiṣu
headed by spring
ṛtuṣu
seasons
yathā-upajoṣam
according to the enjoyment of their past activities
ṛtu-guṇān
the qualities of the different seasons
vidadhāti
he arranges.
The original cause of the cosmic manifestation is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Nārāyaṇa. When great saintly persons, fully aware of the Vedic knowledge, offered prayers to the Supreme Person, He descended to this material world in the form of the sun to benefit all the planets and purify fruitive activities. He divided Himself into twelve parts and created seasonal forms, beginning with spring. In this way He created the seasonal qualities, such as heat, cold and so on.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The original cause of the cosmic manifestation, the Supreme Lord, Nārāyaṇa, made of the Vedas worshipped by the sages by recitation of the Vedas, divided himself into twelve forms and six seasons for purifying the activities of the people, and he arranged the qualities of the seasons for enjoyment according to their karma. The Lord famous as time, divided himself into twelve forms and into six seasons for purifying the activities of the people. This means through time he regulates their actions. He arranged for the qualities of the seasons such as heat and cold which are experienced according to karma (yathopajoṣam).
📝 My note

Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.4

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తమేతమిహ పురుషాస్త్రయ్యా విద్యయా వర్ణాశ్రమాచారానుపథా ఉచ్చావచై: కర్మభిరామ్నాతైర్యోగవితానైశ్చ శ్రద్ధయా యజన్తోఽఞ్జసా శ్రేయ: సమధిగచ్ఛన్తి ॥ ౪ ॥
tam etam iha puruṣās trayyā vidyayā varṇāśramācārānupathā uccāvacaiḥ karmabhir āmnātair yoga-vitānaiś ca śraddhayā yajanto ’ṣjasā śreyaḥ samadhigacchanti.
[tam etam iha purushaas trayyaa vidyayaa varnaashramaachaaraanupathaa uchchaavachaih karmabhir aamnaatair yoga-vitaanaish cha shraddhayaa yajanto ’shjasaa shreyah samadhigachchanti.]
Word-for-word
tam — Him (the Supreme Personality of Godhead) etam — this iha — in this world of mortality puruṣāḥ — all people trayyā — having three divisions vidyayā — by the Vedic knowledge varṇa-āśrama-ācāra — the practices of the varṇāśrama system anupathāḥ — following ucca-avacaiḥ — higher or lower according to the different positions in the varṇāśrama-dharma (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra) karmabhiḥ — by their respective activities āmnātaiḥ — handed down yoga-vitānaiḥ — by meditation and other yogic processes ca — and śraddhayā — with great faith yajantaḥ — worshiping aṣjasā — without difficulty śreyaḥ — the ultimate benefit of life samadhigacchanti — they attain.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tam etam iha puruṣās trayyā vidyayā varṇāśramācārānupathā uccāvacaiḥ karmabhir āmnātair yoga-vitānaiś ca śraddhayā yajanto ’ṣjasā śreyaḥ samadhigacchanti.
tam
Him (the Supreme Personality of Godhead)
etam
this
iha
in this world of mortality
puruṣāḥ
all people
trayyā
having three divisions
vidyayā
by the Vedic knowledge
varṇa-āśrama-ācāra
the practices of the varṇāśrama system
anupathāḥ
following
ucca-avacaiḥ
higher or lower according to the different positions in the varṇāśrama-dharma (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra)
karmabhiḥ
by their respective activities
āmnātaiḥ
handed down
yoga-vitānaiḥ
by meditation and other yogic processes
ca
and
śraddhayā
with great faith
yajantaḥ
worshiping
aṣjasā
without difficulty
śreyaḥ
the ultimate benefit of life
samadhigacchanti
they attain.
According to the system of four varṇas and four āśramas, people generally worship the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Nārāyaṇa, who is situated as the sun-god. With great faith they worship the Supreme Personality as the Supersoul according to ritualistic ceremonies handed down in the three Vedas, such as agnihotra and similar higher and lower fruitive acts, and according to the process of mystic yoga. In this way they very easily attain the ultimate goal of life.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
People, by following varṇāśrama conduct and worshipping the sun with faith by yoga and by regulated activities high and low which are authorized by the Vedas, easily attain the highest goal. People who follow (anupathāḥ) varṇāśrama and worship the sun in the form of Indra and others by activities mentioned in the Vedas (trayyā), and by aṣṭāṅga-yoga (yoga-vitānaiḥ), attain the highest goal.
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Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.5

↗
అథ స ఏష ఆత్మా లోకానాం ద్యావాపృథివ్యోరన్తరేణ నభోవలయస్య కాలచక్రగతో ద్వాదశ మాసాన్ భుఙ్క్తే రాశిసంజ్ఞాన్ సంవత్సరావయవాన్మాస: పక్షద్వయం దివా నక్తం చేతి సపాదర్క్షద్వయముపదిశన్తి యావతా షష్ఠమంశం భుఞ్జీత స వై ఋతురిత్యుపదిశ్యతే సంవత్సరావయవ: ॥ ౫ ॥
atha sa eṣa ātmā lokānāṁ dyāv-āpṛthivyor antareṇa nabho-valayasya kālacakra-gato dvādaśa māsān bhuṅkte rāśi-saṁjṣān saṁvatsarāvayavān māsaḥ pakṣa-dvayaṁ divā naktaṁ ceti sapādarkṣa-dvayam upadiśanti yāvatā ṣaṣṭham aṁśaṁ bhuṣjīta sa vai ṛtur ity upadiśyate saṁvatsarāvayavaḥ.
[atha sa esha aatmaa lokaanaam dyaav-aaprithivyor antarena nabho-valayasya kaalachakra-gato dvaadasha maasaan bhunkte raashi-samjshaan samvatsaraavayavaan maasah paksha-dvayam divaa naktam cheti sapaadarksha-dvayam upadishanti yaavataa shashtham amsham bhushjeeta sa vai ritur ity upadishyate samvatsaraavayavah.]
Word-for-word
atha — therefore saḥ — He eṣaḥ — this ātmā — the living force lokānām — of all the three worlds dyāv-ā - pṛthivyoḥ antareṇa — between the upper and lower portions of the universe nabhaḥ-valayasya — of outer space kāla-cakra-gataḥ — positioned in the wheel of time dvādaśa māsān — twelve months bhuṅkte — passes rāśi-saṁjṣān — named after the zodiac signs saṁvatsara-avayavān — the parts of the whole year māsaḥ — one month pakṣa-dvayam — two fortnights divā — a day naktam ca — and a night iti — thus sapāda-ṛkṣa-dvayam — by stellar calculations, two and a quarter constellations upadiśanti — they instruct yāvatā — by as much time ṣaṣṭham aṁśam — one sixth of his orbit bhuṣjīta — pass saḥ — that portion vai — indeed ṛtuḥ — a season iti — thus upadiśyate — is instructed saṁvatsara-avayavaḥ — a part of a year.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atha sa eṣa ātmā lokānāṁ dyāv-āpṛthivyor antareṇa nabho-valayasya kālacakra-gato dvādaśa māsān bhuṅkte rāśi-saṁjṣān saṁvatsarāvayavān māsaḥ pakṣa-dvayaṁ divā naktaṁ ceti sapādarkṣa-dvayam upadiśanti yāvatā ṣaṣṭham aṁśaṁ bhuṣjīta sa vai ṛtur ity upadiśyate saṁvatsarāvayavaḥ.
atha
therefore
saḥ
He
eṣaḥ
this
ātmā
the living force
lokānām
of all the three worlds
dyāv-ā - pṛthivyoḥ antareṇa
between the upper and lower portions of the universe
nabhaḥ-valayasya
of outer space
kāla-cakra-gataḥ
positioned in the wheel of time
dvādaśa māsān
twelve months
bhuṅkte
passes
rāśi-saṁjṣān
named after the zodiac signs
saṁvatsara-avayavān
the parts of the whole year
māsaḥ
one month
pakṣa-dvayam
two fortnights
divā
a day
naktam ca
and a night
iti
thus
sapāda-ṛkṣa-dvayam
by stellar calculations, two and a quarter constellations
upadiśanti
they instruct
yāvatā
by as much time
ṣaṣṭham aṁśam
one sixth of his orbit
bhuṣjīta
pass
saḥ
that portion
vai
indeed
ṛtuḥ
a season
iti
thus
upadiśyate
is instructed
saṁvatsara-avayavaḥ
a part of a year.
The sun-god, who is Nārāyaṇa, or Viṣṇu, the soul of all the worlds, is situated in outer space between the upper and lower portions of the universe. Passing through twelve months on the wheel of time, the sun comes in touch with twelve different signs of the zodiac and assumes twelve different names according to those signs. The aggregate of those twelve months is called a saṁvatsara, or an entire year. According to lunar calculations, two fortnights — one of the waxing moon and the other of the waning — form one month. That same period is one day and night for the planet Pitṛloka. According to stellar calculations, a month equals two and one quarter constellations. When the sun travels for two months, a season passes, and therefore the seasonal changes are considered parts of the body of the year.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The sun, soul of worlds, situated in the zodiac belt in the antarikṣa between heaven and earth, enjoys twelve months, indicated by the names of zodiac signs, which are limbs of the year. The wise say that one month is two fortnights by lunar calculation, which is a day and night for the Pitṛs, or the time it takes the sun to pass through two and a quarter constellations. Passing two months it enjoys a season. In this way one limb of the year is described. This verse explains the months according to the movement of the sun. Situated in the zodiac belt (kāla-cakra-gataḥ) between heaven and earth in the antarikṣa (nabho-valayasya) the sun enjoys months. What is a month? A month is two fortnights, according to the lunar calculations, which is a day and night for the Pitṛs. [Note: This is approximately 27 days.] It is two and a quarter constellations by movement of the sun. [Note: This is a solar month of approximately 30 days. ] The sun, as time or the month, enjoys a twelfth portion of the celestial circle which moves on its own. This is not stated but should be understood. Two months (ṣāstham āṁśam) is a season.
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Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.6

↗
అథ చ యావతార్ధేన నభోవీథ్యాం ప్రచరతి తం కాలమయనమాచక్షతే ॥ ౬ ॥
atha ca yāvatārdhena nabho-vīthyāṁ pracarati taṁ kālam ayanam ācakṣate.
[atha cha yaavataardhena nabho-veethyaam pracharati tam kaalam ayanam aachakshate.]
Word-for-word
atha — now ca — also yāvatā — by as long as ardhena — half nabhaḥ-vīthyām — in outer space pracarati — the sun moves tam — that kālam — time ayanam — ayana ācakṣate — is said.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atha ca yāvatārdhena nabho-vīthyāṁ pracarati taṁ kālam ayanam ācakṣate.
atha
now
ca
also
yāvatā
by as long as
ardhena
half
nabhaḥ-vīthyām
in outer space
pracarati
the sun moves
tam
that
kālam
time
ayanam
ayana
ācakṣate
is said.
Thus the time the sun takes to rotate through half of outer space is called an ayana, or its period of movement [in the north or in the south].
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The time to move over half the zodiac belt is called an ayana. This is a period of six months.
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Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.7

↗
అథ చ యావన్నభోమణ్డలం సహ ద్యావాపృథివ్యోర్మణ్డలాభ్యాం కార్త్స్‍న్యేన స హ భుఞ్జీత తం కాలం సంవత్సరం పరివత్సరమిడావత్సరమనువత్సరం వత్సరమితి భానోర్మాన్ద్యశైఘ్ర్యసమగతిభి: సమామనన్తి ॥ ౭ ॥
atha ca yāvan nabho-maṇḍalaṁ saha dyāv-āpṛthivyor maṇḍalābhyāṁ kārtsnyena sa ha bhuṣjīta taṁ kālaṁ saṁvatsaraṁ parivatsaram iḍāvatsaram anuvatsaraṁ vatsaram iti bhānor māndya-śaighrya-sama-gatibhiḥ samāmananti.
[atha cha yaavan nabho-mandalam saha dyaav-aaprithivyor mandalaabhyaam kaartsnyena sa ha bhushjeeta tam kaalam samvatsaram parivatsaram idaavatsaram anuvatsaram vatsaram iti bhaanor maandya-shaighrya-sama-gatibhih samaamananti.]
Word-for-word
atha — now ca — also yāvat — as long as nabhaḥ-maṇḍalam — outer space, between the upper and lower world saha — along with dyau — of the upper world āpṛthivyoḥ — of the lower world maṇḍalābhyām — the spheres kārtsnyena — entirely saḥ — he ha — indeed bhuṣjīta — may pass through tam — that kālam — time saṁvatsaram — Saṁvatsara parivatsaram — Parivatsara iḍāvatsaram — Iḍāvatsara anuvatsaram — Anuvatsara vatsaram — Vatsara iti — thus bhānoḥ — of the sun māndya — slow śaighrya — speedy sama — and equal gatibhiḥ — by the speeds samāmananti — the experienced scholars describe.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atha ca yāvan nabho-maṇḍalaṁ saha dyāv-āpṛthivyor maṇḍalābhyāṁ kārtsnyena sa ha bhuṣjīta taṁ kālaṁ saṁvatsaraṁ parivatsaram iḍāvatsaram anuvatsaraṁ vatsaram iti bhānor māndya-śaighrya-sama-gatibhiḥ samāmananti.
atha
now
ca
also
yāvat
as long as
nabhaḥ-maṇḍalam
outer space, between the upper and lower world
saha
along with
dyau
of the upper world
āpṛthivyoḥ
of the lower world
maṇḍalābhyām
the spheres
kārtsnyena
entirely
saḥ
he
ha
indeed
bhuṣjīta
may pass through
tam
that
kālam
time
saṁvatsaram
Saṁvatsara
parivatsaram
Parivatsara
iḍāvatsaram
Iḍāvatsara
anuvatsaram
Anuvatsara
vatsaram
Vatsara
iti
thus
bhānoḥ
of the sun
māndya
slow
śaighrya
speedy
sama
and equal
gatibhiḥ
by the speeds
samāmananti
the experienced scholars describe.
The sun-god has three speeds — slow, fast and moderate. The time he takes to travel entirely around the spheres of heaven, earth and space at these three speeds is referred to, by learned scholars, by the five names Saṁvatsara, Parivatsara, Iḍāvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara.
Purport

According to solar astronomical calculations, each year extends six days beyond the calendar year, and according to lunar calculations, each year is six days shorter. Therefore, because of the movements of the sun and moon, there is a difference of twelve days between the solar and lunar years. As the Saṁvatsara, Parivatsara, Iḍāvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara pass by, two extra months are added within each five years. This makes a sixth saṁvatsara, but because that saṁvatsara is extra, the solar system is calculated according to the above five names.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The time it takes for the sun to pass completely through the antarikṣa along with earth plane and heavenly planes, with slow, quick and medium speeds, is called saṁvatsara, parivatsara, iḍāvatsa, anuvatsara, and vatsara. It should be understood that the antariṣka is equal in size to the earthly and heavenly planes surrounding on either side. The different names of the year according to use based on different calculations has been described in the Third Canto (SB 3.11.13).
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Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.8

↗
ఏవం చన్ద్రమా అర్కగభస్తిభ్య ఉపరిష్టాల్లక్షయోజనత ఉపలభ్యమానోఽర్కస్య సంవత్సరభుక్తిం పక్షాభ్యాం మాసభుక్తిం సపాదర్క్షాభ్యాం దినేనైవ పక్షభుక్తిమగ్రచారీ ద్రుతతరగమనో భుఙ్క్తే ॥ ౮ ॥
evaṁ candramā arka-gabhastibhya upariṣṭāl lakṣa-yojanata upalabhyamāno ’rkasya saṁvatsara-bhuktiṁ pakṣābhyāṁ māsa-bhuktiṁ sapādarkṣābhyāṁ dinenaiva pakṣa-bhuktim agracārī drutatara-gamano bhuṅkte.
[evam chandramaa arka-gabhastibhya uparishtaal laksha-yojanata upalabhyamaano ’rkasya samvatsara-bhuktim pakshaabhyaam maasa-bhuktim sapaadarkshaabhyaam dinenaiva paksha-bhuktim agrachaaree drutatara-gamano bhunkte.]
Word-for-word
evam — thus candramā — the moon arka-gabhastibhyaḥ — from the rays of the sunshine upariṣṭāt — above lakṣa-yojanataḥ — by a measurement of 100,000 yojanas upalabhyamānaḥ — being situated arkasya — of the sun globe saṁvatsara-bhuktim — the passage of one year of enjoyment pakṣābhyām — by two fortnights māsa-bhuktim — the passage of one month sapāda-ṛkṣābhyām — by two and a quarter days dinena — by a day eva — only pakṣa-bhuktim — the passage of a fortnight agracārī — moving impetuously druta-tara-gamanaḥ — passing more speedily bhuṅkte — passes through.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
evaṁ candramā arka-gabhastibhya upariṣṭāl lakṣa-yojanata upalabhyamāno ’rkasya saṁvatsara-bhuktiṁ pakṣābhyāṁ māsa-bhuktiṁ sapādarkṣābhyāṁ dinenaiva pakṣa-bhuktim agracārī drutatara-gamano bhuṅkte.
evam
thus
candramā
the moon
arka-gabhastibhyaḥ
from the rays of the sunshine
upariṣṭāt
above
lakṣa-yojanataḥ
by a measurement of 100,000 yojanas
upalabhyamānaḥ
being situated
arkasya
of the sun globe
saṁvatsara-bhuktim
the passage of one year of enjoyment
pakṣābhyām
by two fortnights
māsa-bhuktim
the passage of one month
sapāda-ṛkṣābhyām
by two and a quarter days
dinena
by a day
eva
only
pakṣa-bhuktim
the passage of a fortnight
agracārī
moving impetuously
druta-tara-gamanaḥ
passing more speedily
bhuṅkte
passes through.
Above the rays of the sunshine by a distance of 100,000 yojanas [800,000 miles] is the moon, which travels at a speed faster than that of the sun. In two lunar fortnights the moon travels through the equivalent of a saṁvatsara of the sun, in two and a quarter days it passes through a month of the sun, and in one day it passes through a fortnight of the sun.
Purport

When we take into account that the moon is 100,000 yojanas, or 800,000 miles, above the rays of the sunshine, it is very surprising that the modern excursions to the moon could be possible. Since the moon is so distant, how space vehicles could go there is a doubtful mystery. Modern scientific calculations are subject to one change after another, and therefore they are uncertain. We have to accept the calculations of the Vedic literature. These Vedic calculations are steady; the astronomical calculations made long ago and recorded in the Vedic literature are correct even now. Whether the Vedic calculations or modern ones are better may remain a mystery for others, but as far as we are concerned, we accept the Vedic calculations to be correct.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The moon, situated 100,000 yojanas above the rays of the sun, moving with quicker speed, covers the sun’s year in two fortnights, its month in two and half days and its fortnight in one day. The location and effects of the moon and other planets are now described. “The sun’s rays” refers to the sun globe. The moon is 100,000 yojanas above the sun, or 200,000 yojanas above the earth. In two and a half days (sapādarkṣābhyām) the moon covers what the sun covers in a month. When the moon travels quicker, in one day the moon covers what the sun covers in a fortnight. At other times in a day and half plus 3 hours, it covers the same distance.
Related lectures
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Source: vedabase.io

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.9

↗
అథ చాపూర్యమాణాభిశ్చ కలాభిరమరాణాం క్షీయమాణాభిశ్చ కలాభి: పితృణామహోరాత్రాణి పూర్వపక్షాపరపక్షాభ్యాం వితన్వాన: సర్వజీవనివహప్రాణో జీవశ్చైకమేకం నక్షత్రం త్రింశతా ముహూర్తైర్భుఙ్క్తే ॥ ౯ ॥
atha cāpūryamāṇābhiś ca kalābhir amarāṇāṁ kṣīyamāṇābhiś ca kalābhiḥ pitṝṇām aho-rātrāṇi pūrva-pakṣāpara-pakṣābhyāṁ vitanvānaḥ sarva-jīva-nivaha-prāṇo jīvaś caikam ekaṁ nakṣatraṁ triṁśatā muhūrtair bhuṅkte.
[atha chaapooryamaanaabhish cha kalaabhir amaraanaam ksheeyamaanaabhish cha kalaabhih pitreenaam aho-raatraani poorva-pakshaapara-pakshaabhyaam vitanvaanah sarva-jeeva-nivaha-praano jeevash chaikam ekam nakshatram trimshataa muhoortair bhunkte.]
Word-for-word
atha — thus ca — also āpūryamāṇābhiḥ — gradually increasing ca — and kalābhiḥ — by the parts of the moon amarāṇām — of the demigods kṣīyamāṇābhiḥ — by gradually decreasing ca — and kalābhiḥ — by parts of the moon pitṝṇām — of those on the planet known as Pitṛloka ahaḥ-rātrāṇi — the days and nights pūrva-pakṣa-apara-pakṣābhyām — by the period of waxing and waning vitanvānaḥ — distributing sarva-jīva-nivaha — of the total living entities prāṇaḥ — the life jīvaḥ — the chief living being ca — also ekam ekam — one after another nakṣatram — a constellation of stars triṁśatā — by thirty muhūrtaiḥ — muhūrtas bhuṅkte — passes through.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atha cāpūryamāṇābhiś ca kalābhir amarāṇāṁ kṣīyamāṇābhiś ca kalābhiḥ pitṝṇām aho-rātrāṇi pūrva-pakṣāpara-pakṣābhyāṁ vitanvānaḥ sarva-jīva-nivaha-prāṇo jīvaś caikam ekaṁ nakṣatraṁ triṁśatā muhūrtair bhuṅkte.
atha
thus
ca
also
āpūryamāṇābhiḥ
gradually increasing
ca
and
kalābhiḥ
by the parts of the moon
amarāṇām
of the demigods
kṣīyamāṇābhiḥ
by gradually decreasing
ca
and
kalābhiḥ
by parts of the moon
pitṝṇām
of those on the planet known as Pitṛloka
ahaḥ-rātrāṇi
the days and nights
pūrva-pakṣa-apara-pakṣābhyām
by the period of waxing and waning
vitanvānaḥ
distributing
sarva-jīva-nivaha
of the total living entities
prāṇaḥ
the life
jīvaḥ
the chief living being
ca
also
ekam ekam
one after another
nakṣatram
a constellation of stars
triṁśatā
by thirty
muhūrtaiḥ
muhūrtas
bhuṅkte
passes through.
When the moon is waxing, the illuminating portions of it increase daily, thus creating day for the demigods and night for the pitās. When the moon is waning, however, it causes night for the demigods and day for the pitās. In this way the moon passes through each constellation of stars in thirty muhūrtas [an entire day]. The moon is the source of nectarean coolness that influences the growth of food grains, and therefore the moon-god is considered the life of all living entities. He is consequently called Jīva, the chief living being within the universe.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The moon with its waxing and waning phases, creates day for the devatās during the waxing phases, and creates day for the Pitṛs during the waning phases. The moon called life itself, supporting the life of all beings, passes through one constellation in thirty muhūrtas (one day). The waxing and waning phases are day and night for the devatās, and night and day for the Pitṛs. This means the waxing phase is suitable for worship of devatās and the waning phase is suitable for worship of Pitṛs. The moon is the life of all beings because it produces food in the form of plants. Śruti says annaṁ hi prāṇināṁ prāṇāḥ: food is the life of all beings. [Note: Annaṁ prāṇāḥ is found in Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa 3.2.3.4.9.] The moon is called jīvaḥ because it is made of immortal nectar necessary for living.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.10

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య ఏష షోడశకల: పురుషో భగవాన్మనోమయోఽన్నమయోఽమృతమయో దేవపితృమనుష్యభూతపశుపక్షిసరీసృపవీరుధాం ప్రాణాప్యాయనశీలత్వాత్సర్వమయ ఇతి వర్ణయన్తి ॥ ౧౦ ॥
ya eṣa ṣoḍaśa-kalaḥ puruṣo bhagavān manomayo ’nnamayo ’mṛtamayo deva-pitṛ-manuṣya-bhūta-paśu-pakṣi-sarīsṛpa-vīrudhāṁ prāṇāpy āyana-śīlatvāt sarvamaya iti varṇayanti.
[ya esha shodasha-kalah purusho bhagavaan manomayo ’nnamayo ’mritamayo deva-pitri-manushya-bhoota-pashu-pakshi-sareesripa-veerudhaam praanaapy aayana-sheelatvaat sarvamaya iti varnayanti.]
Word-for-word
yaḥ — that eṣaḥ — this ṣoḍaśa-kalaḥ — having all sixteen parts (the full moon) puruṣaḥ — the person bhagavān — having great power received from the Supreme Personality of Godhead manaḥ-mayaḥ — the predominating deity of the mind anna-mayaḥ — the source of potency for food grains amṛta-mayaḥ — the source of the substance of life deva — of all the demigods pitṛ — of all the inhabitants of Pitṛloka manuṣya — all human beings bhūta — all living entities paśu — of the animals pakṣi — of the birds sarīsṛpa — of the reptiles vīrudhām — of all kinds of herbs and plants prāṇa — life air api — certainly āyana-śīlatvāt — due to refreshing sarva-mayaḥ — all-pervading iti — thus varṇayanti — the learned scholars describe.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
ya eṣa ṣoḍaśa-kalaḥ puruṣo bhagavān manomayo ’nnamayo ’mṛtamayo deva-pitṛ-manuṣya-bhūta-paśu-pakṣi-sarīsṛpa-vīrudhāṁ prāṇāpy āyana-śīlatvāt sarvamaya iti varṇayanti.
yaḥ
that
eṣaḥ
this
ṣoḍaśa-kalaḥ
having all sixteen parts (the full moon)
puruṣaḥ
the person
bhagavān
having great power received from the Supreme Personality of Godhead
manaḥ-mayaḥ
the predominating deity of the mind
anna-mayaḥ
the source of potency for food grains
amṛta-mayaḥ
the source of the substance of life
deva
of all the demigods
pitṛ
of all the inhabitants of Pitṛloka
manuṣya
all human beings
bhūta
all living entities
paśu
of the animals
pakṣi
of the birds
sarīsṛpa
of the reptiles
vīrudhām
of all kinds of herbs and plants
prāṇa
life air
api
certainly
āyana-śīlatvāt
due to refreshing
sarva-mayaḥ
all-pervading
iti
thus
varṇayanti
the learned scholars describe.
Because the moon is full of all potentialities, it represents the influence of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The moon is the predominating deity of everyone’s mind, and therefore the moon-god is called Manomaya. He is also called Annamaya because he gives potency to all herbs and plants, and he is called Amṛtamaya because he is the source of life for all living entities. The moon pleases the demigods, pitās, human beings, animals, birds, reptiles, trees, plants and all other living entities. Everyone is satisfied by the presence of the moon. Therefore the moon is also called Sarvamaya [all-pervading].
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
They describe the moon composed of sixteen phases to be the Supreme Lord, the mind, food, nectar, and the life of devatās, Pitṛs, humans, ghosts, animals, birds and reptiles and to be all-pervading, since it is the cause of all life. The moon is called manomayaḥ because it is the presiding deity of the mind.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.11

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తత ఉపరిష్టాత్‌ద్వి్లక్షయోజనతో నక్షత్రాణి మేరుం దక్షిణేనైవ కాలాయన ఈశ్వరయోజితాని సహాభిజితాష్టావింశతి: ॥ ౧౧ ॥
tata upariṣṭād dvi-lakṣa-yojanato nakṣatrāṇi meruṁ dakṣiṇenaiva kālāyana īśvara-yojitāni sahābhijitāṣṭā-viṁśatiḥ.
[tata uparishtaad dvi-laksha-yojanato nakshatraani merum dakshinenaiva kaalaayana eeshvara-yojitaani sahaabhijitaashtaa-vimshatih.]
Word-for-word
tataḥ — from that region of the moon upariṣṭāt — above dvi-lakṣa-yojanataḥ — 200,000 yojanas nakṣatrāṇi — many stars merum — Sumeru Mountain dakṣiṇena eva — to the right side kāla-ayane — in the wheel of time īśvara-yojitāni — attached by the Supreme Personality of Godhead saha — with abhijitā — the star known as Abhijit aṣṭā-viṁśatiḥ — twenty-eight.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tata upariṣṭād dvi-lakṣa-yojanato nakṣatrāṇi meruṁ dakṣiṇenaiva kālāyana īśvara-yojitāni sahābhijitāṣṭā-viṁśatiḥ.
tataḥ
from that region of the moon
upariṣṭāt
above
dvi-lakṣa-yojanataḥ
200,000 yojanas
nakṣatrāṇi
many stars
merum
Sumeru Mountain
dakṣiṇena eva
to the right side
kāla-ayane
in the wheel of time
īśvara-yojitāni
attached by the Supreme Personality of Godhead
saha
with
abhijitā
the star known as Abhijit
aṣṭā-viṁśatiḥ
twenty-eight.
There are many stars located 200,000 yojanas [1,600,000 miles] above the moon. By the supreme will of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, they are fixed to the wheel of time, and thus they rotate with Mount Sumeru on their right, their motion being different from that of the sun. There are twenty-eight important stars, headed by Abhijit.
Purport

The stars referred to herein are 1,600,000 miles above the sun, and thus they are 4,000,000 miles above the earth.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Above the moon at a distance of 300,000 yojanas, inspired by the Lord, the constellations, twenty-eight in number with Abhijit, move clockwise around Meru n the wheel of time. The constellations will be 500,000 yojanas above the earth. [Note: It appears there is discrepancy in some versions, but Viśvanātha says three lakṣa above the moon means five lakṣas above the earth. This figure will give the correct dimensions for the total size of the universe.] They do not have a different motion, but move clockwise also. Kālāyane means in the wheel of time. Śruti says abhijin nāma-nakṣātram upariṣṭād āṣāḍhānām adhastāc chroṇāyāḥ: Abhjit constellation is composed of the last part of Āṣāḍhā and the first part of Śravaṇā constellations. The astronomical works also confirm this: Abhijit is the last part of Āṣādḥa and the first part of Śravaṇā, consisting of four daṇḍas.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.12

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తత ఉపరిష్టాదుశనా ద్విలక్షయోజనత ఉపలభ్యతే పురత: పశ్చాత్సహైవ వార్కస్య శైఘ్ర్యమాన్ద్యసామ్యాభిర్గతిభిరర్కవచ్చరతి లోకానాం నిత్యదానుకూల ఏవ ప్రాయేణ వర్షయంశ్చారేణానుమీయతే స వృష్టివిష్టమ్భగ్రహోపశమన: ॥ ౧౨ ॥
tata upariṣṭād uśanā dvi-lakṣa-yojanata upalabhyate purataḥ paścāt sahaiva vārkasya śaighrya-māndya-sāmyābhir gatibhir arkavac carati lokānāṁ nityadānukūla eva prāyeṇa varṣayaṁś cāreṇānumīyate sa vṛṣṭi-viṣṭambha-grahopaśamanaḥ.
[tata uparishtaad ushanaa dvi-laksha-yojanata upalabhyate puratah pashchaat sahaiva vaarkasya shaighrya-maandya-saamyaabhir gatibhir arkavach charati lokaanaam nityadaanukoola eva praayena varshayamsh chaarenaanumeeyate sa vrishti-vishtambha-grahopashamanah.]
Word-for-word
tataḥ — from that bunch of stars upariṣṭāt — above uśanā — Venus dvi-lakṣa-yojanataḥ — 200,000 yojanas (1,600,000 miles) upalabhyate — is experienced purataḥ — in front paścāt — behind saha — along with eva — indeed vā — and arkasya — of the sun śaighrya — speedy māndya — slow sāmyābhiḥ — equal gatibhiḥ — the movements arkavat — exactly like the sun carati — rotates lokānām — of all the planets within the universe nityadā — constantly anukūlaḥ — offering favorable conditions eva — indeed prāyeṇa — almost always varṣayan — causing rainfall cāreṇa — by infusing the clouds anumīyate — is perceived saḥ — he (Venus) vṛṣṭi-viṣṭambha — obstacles to rainfall graha-upaśamanaḥ — nullifying planets.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tata upariṣṭād uśanā dvi-lakṣa-yojanata upalabhyate purataḥ paścāt sahaiva vārkasya śaighrya-māndya-sāmyābhir gatibhir arkavac carati lokānāṁ nityadānukūla eva prāyeṇa varṣayaṁś cāreṇānumīyate sa vṛṣṭi-viṣṭambha-grahopaśamanaḥ.
tataḥ
from that bunch of stars
upariṣṭāt
above
uśanā
Venus
dvi-lakṣa-yojanataḥ
200,000 yojanas (1,600,000 miles)
upalabhyate
is experienced
purataḥ
in front
paścāt
behind
saha
along with
eva
indeed
vā
and
arkasya
of the sun
śaighrya
speedy
māndya
slow
sāmyābhiḥ
equal
gatibhiḥ
the movements
arkavat
exactly like the sun
carati
rotates
lokānām
of all the planets within the universe
nityadā
constantly
anukūlaḥ
offering favorable conditions
eva
indeed
prāyeṇa
almost always
varṣayan
causing rainfall
cāreṇa
by infusing the clouds
anumīyate
is perceived
saḥ
he (Venus)
vṛṣṭi-viṣṭambha
obstacles to rainfall
graha-upaśamanaḥ
nullifying planets.
Some 1,600,000 miles above this group of stars is the planet Venus, which moves at almost exactly the same pace as the sun according to swift, slow and moderate movements. Sometimes Venus moves behind the sun, sometimes in front of the sun and sometimes along with it. Venus nullifies the influence of planets that are obstacles to rainfall. Consequently its presence causes rainfall, and it is therefore considered very favorable for all living beings within this universe. This has been accepted by learned scholars.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Venus is observed 200,000 yojanas above the constellations. It moves like the sun, with fast, slow and medium speed, sometimes behind and sometimes in front of the sun. It is always considered favorable for all people, generally causing rain by its movements and removing evil influence of other planets which are obstacles to rain. Venus is 700,000 yojanas above the earth. By its movement (cāreṇa), it causes rain. It corrects the obstacles to rain caused by other planets.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.13

↗
ఉశనసా బుధో వ్యాఖ్యాతస్తత ఉపరిష్టాద్విలక్షయోజనతో బుధ: సోమసుత ఉపలభ్యమాన: ప్రాయేణ శుభకృద్యదార్కాద్ వ్యతిరిచ్యేత తదాతివాతాభ్రప్రాయానావృష్ట్యాదిభయమాశంసతే ॥ ౧౩ ॥
uśanasā budho vyākhyātas tata upariṣṭād dvi-lakṣa-yojanato budhaḥ soma-suta upalabhyamānaḥ prāyeṇa śubha-kṛd yadārkād vyatiricyeta tadātivātābhra-prāyānāvṛṣṭy-ādi-bhayam āśaṁsate.
[ushanasaa budho vyaakhyaatas tata uparishtaad dvi-laksha-yojanato budhah soma-suta upalabhyamaanah praayena shubha-krid yadaarkaad vyatirichyeta tadaativaataabhra-praayaanaavrishty-aadi-bhayam aashamsate.]
Word-for-word
uśanasā — with Venus budhaḥ — Mercury vyākhyātaḥ — explained tataḥ — from that (Venus) upariṣṭāt — above dvi-lakṣa-yojanataḥ — 1,600,000 miles budhaḥ — Mercury soma-sutaḥ — the son of the moon upalabhyamānaḥ — is situated prāyeṇa — almost always śubha-kṛt — very auspicious to the inhabitants of the universe yadā — when arkāt — from the sun vyatiricyeta — is separated tadā — at that time ativāta — of cyclones and other bad effects abhra — clouds prāya — almost always anāvṛṣṭi-ādi — such as scarcity of rain bhayam — fearful conditions āśaṁsate — expands.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
uśanasā budho vyākhyātas tata upariṣṭād dvi-lakṣa-yojanato budhaḥ soma-suta upalabhyamānaḥ prāyeṇa śubha-kṛd yadārkād vyatiricyeta tadātivātābhra-prāyānāvṛṣṭy-ādi-bhayam āśaṁsate.
uśanasā
with Venus
budhaḥ
Mercury
vyākhyātaḥ
explained
tataḥ
from that (Venus)
upariṣṭāt
above
dvi-lakṣa-yojanataḥ
1,600,000 miles
budhaḥ
Mercury
soma-sutaḥ
the son of the moon
upalabhyamānaḥ
is situated
prāyeṇa
almost always
śubha-kṛt
very auspicious to the inhabitants of the universe
yadā
when
arkāt
from the sun
vyatiricyeta
is separated
tadā
at that time
ativāta
of cyclones and other bad effects
abhra
clouds
prāya
almost always
anāvṛṣṭi-ādi
such as scarcity of rain
bhayam
fearful conditions
āśaṁsate
expands.
Mercury is described to be similar to Venus, in that it moves sometimes behind the sun, sometimes in front of the sun and sometimes along with it. It is 1,600,000 miles above Venus, or 7,200,000 miles above earth. Mercury, which is the son of the moon, is almost always very auspicious for the inhabitants of the universe, but when it does not move along with the sun, it forbodes cyclones, dust, irregular rainfall, and waterless clouds. In this way it creates fearful conditions due to inadequate or excessive rainfall.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Mercury, the son of the moon, is observed 200,000 yojanas above Venus. It moves in a similar fashion. It is generally auspicious. When it moves away from the sun then it produces a fearful situation with drought, cyclones, and continual clouds. Mercury is 900,000 yojanas above the earth. It moves similar to Venus. It moves sometimes in front and sometimes behind the sun.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.14

↗
అత ఊర్ధ్వమఙ్గారకోఽపి యోజనలక్షద్వితయ ఉపలభ్యమానస్త్రిభిస్త్రిభి: పక్షైరేకైకశో రాశీన్ద్వాదశానుభుఙ్క్తే యది న వక్రేణాభివర్తతే ప్రాయేణాశుభగ్రహోఽఘశంస: ॥ ౧౪ ॥
ata ūrdhvam aṅgārako ’pi yojana-lakṣa-dvitaya upalabhyamānas tribhis tribhiḥ pakṣair ekaikaśo rāśīn dvādaśānubhuṅkte yadi na vakreṇābhivartate prāyeṇāśubha-graho ’gha-śaṁsaḥ.
[ata oordhvam angaarako ’pi yojana-laksha-dvitaya upalabhyamaanas tribhis tribhih pakshair ekaikasho raasheen dvaadashaanubhunkte yadi na vakrenaabhivartate praayenaashubha-graho ’gha-shamsah.]
Word-for-word
ataḥ — from this ūrdhvam — above aṅgārakaḥ — Mars api — also yojana-lakṣa-dvitaye — at a distance of 1,600,000 miles upalabhyamānaḥ — is situated tribhiḥ tribhiḥ — with each three and three pakṣaiḥ — fortnights eka-ekaśaḥ — one after another rāśīn — the signs dvādaśa — twelve anubhuṅkte — passes through yadi — if na — not vakreṇa — with a curve abhivartate — approaches prāyeṇa — almost always aśubha-grahaḥ — an unfavorable, inauspicious planet agha-śaṁsaḥ — creating trouble.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
ata ūrdhvam aṅgārako ’pi yojana-lakṣa-dvitaya upalabhyamānas tribhis tribhiḥ pakṣair ekaikaśo rāśīn dvādaśānubhuṅkte yadi na vakreṇābhivartate prāyeṇāśubha-graho ’gha-śaṁsaḥ.
ataḥ
from this
ūrdhvam
above
aṅgārakaḥ
Mars
api
also
yojana-lakṣa-dvitaye
at a distance of 1,600,000 miles
upalabhyamānaḥ
is situated
tribhiḥ tribhiḥ
with each three and three
pakṣaiḥ
fortnights
eka-ekaśaḥ
one after another
rāśīn
the signs
dvādaśa
twelve
anubhuṅkte
passes through
yadi
if
na
not
vakreṇa
with a curve
abhivartate
approaches
prāyeṇa
almost always
aśubha-grahaḥ
an unfavorable, inauspicious planet
agha-śaṁsaḥ
creating trouble.
Situated 1,600,000 miles above Mercury, or 8,800,000 miles above earth, is the planet Mars. If this planet does not travel in a crooked way, it crosses through each sign of the zodiac in three fortnights and in this way travels through all twelve, one after another. It almost always creates unfavorable conditions in respect to rainfall and other influences.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Mars is observed 200,000 yojanas above Mercury. If not traveling retrograde, it passes through one of the twelve zodiac sign every three fortnights. Generally it is inauspicious, indicating grief. Mars will be 1,100,000 yojanas above the earth. If it does not move retrograde it traverses one zodiac sign every three fortnights. Aghaśaṁsaḥ means “indicating distress.”
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.15

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తత ఉపరిష్టాద్విలక్షయోజనాన్తరగతా భగవాన్ బృహస్పతిరేకైకస్మిన్ రాశౌ పరివత్సరం పరివత్సరం చరతి యది న వక్ర: స్యాత్ప్రాయేణానుకూలో బ్రాహ్మణకులస్య ॥ ౧౫ ॥
tata upariṣṭād dvi-lakṣa-yojanāntara-gatā bhagavān bṛhaspatir ekaikasmin rāśau parivatsaraṁ parivatsaraṁ carati yadi na vakraḥ syāt prāyeṇānukūlo brāhmaṇa-kulasya.
[tata uparishtaad dvi-laksha-yojanaantara-gataa bhagavaan brihaspatir ekaikasmin raashau parivatsaram parivatsaram charati yadi na vakrah syaat praayenaanukoolo braahmana-kulasya.]
Word-for-word
tataḥ — that (Mars) upariṣṭāt — above dvi-lakṣa-yojana-antara-gatāḥ — situated at a distance of 1,600,000 miles bhagavān — the most powerful planet bṛhaspatiḥ — Jupiter eka-ekasmin — in one after another rāśau — sign parivatsaram parivatsaram — for the period of Parivatsara carati — moves yadi — if na — not vakraḥ — curved syāt — becomes prāyeṇa — almost always anukūlaḥ — very favorable brāhmaṇa-kulasya — to the brāhmaṇas of the universe.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tata upariṣṭād dvi-lakṣa-yojanāntara-gatā bhagavān bṛhaspatir ekaikasmin rāśau parivatsaraṁ parivatsaraṁ carati yadi na vakraḥ syāt prāyeṇānukūlo brāhmaṇa-kulasya.
tataḥ
that (Mars)
upariṣṭāt
above
dvi-lakṣa-yojana-antara-gatāḥ
situated at a distance of 1,600,000 miles
bhagavān
the most powerful planet
bṛhaspatiḥ
Jupiter
eka-ekasmin
in one after another
rāśau
sign
parivatsaram parivatsaram
for the period of Parivatsara
carati
moves
yadi
if
na
not
vakraḥ
curved
syāt
becomes
prāyeṇa
almost always
anukūlaḥ
very favorable
brāhmaṇa-kulasya
to the brāhmaṇas of the universe.
Situated 1,600,000 miles above Mars, or 10,400,000 miles above earth, is the planet Jupiter, which travels through one sign of the zodiac within the period of a Parivatsara. If its movement is not curved, the planet Jupiter is very favorable to the brāhmaṇas of the universe.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Situated above Mars by 200,000 yojanas, Jupiter moves through each sign in one prativatsara, if not traveling retrograde. It is generally auspicious for the brāhmaṇas. Jupiter is 1,300,000 above the earth. If not traveling retrograde it moves through one zodiac sign in a prativatsara [Note: Parivatsara can refer to the solar year or to the Jupiter year which is 360 days. ].
Related lectures
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.16

↗
తత ఉపరిష్టాద్యోజనలక్షద్వయాత్ప్రతీయమాన: శనైశ్చర ఏకైకస్మిన్ రాశౌ త్రింశన్మాసాన్ విలమ్బమాన: సర్వానేవానుపర్యేతి తావద్భ‍ిరనువత్సరై: ప్రాయేణ హి సర్వేషామశాన్తికర: ॥ ౧౬ ॥
tata upariṣṭād yojana-lakṣa-dvayāt pratīyamānaḥ śanaiścara ekaikasmin rāśau triṁśan māsān vilambamānaḥ sarvān evānuparyeti tāvadbhir anuvatsaraiḥ prāyeṇa hi sarveṣām aśāntikaraḥ.
[tata uparishtaad yojana-laksha-dvayaat prateeyamaanah shanaishchara ekaikasmin raashau trimshan maasaan vilambamaanah sarvaan evaanuparyeti taavadbhir anuvatsaraih praayena hi sarveshaam ashaantikarah.]
Word-for-word
tataḥ — that (Jupiter) upariṣṭāt — above yojana-lakṣa-dvayāt — by a distance of 1,600,000 miles pratīyamānaḥ — is situated śanaiścaraḥ — the planet Saturn eka-ekasmin — in one after another rāśau — zodiac signs triṁśat māsān — for a period of thirty months in each vilam-bamānaḥ — lingering sarvān — all twelve signs of the zodiac eva — certainly anuparyeti — passes through tāvadbhiḥ — by so many anuvatsaraiḥ — Anuvatsaras prāyeṇa — almost always hi — indeed sarveṣām — to all the inhabitants aśāntikaraḥ — very troublesome.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tata upariṣṭād yojana-lakṣa-dvayāt pratīyamānaḥ śanaiścara ekaikasmin rāśau triṁśan māsān vilambamānaḥ sarvān evānuparyeti tāvadbhir anuvatsaraiḥ prāyeṇa hi sarveṣām aśāntikaraḥ.
tataḥ
that (Jupiter)
upariṣṭāt
above
yojana-lakṣa-dvayāt
by a distance of 1,600,000 miles
pratīyamānaḥ
is situated
śanaiścaraḥ
the planet Saturn
eka-ekasmin
in one after another
rāśau
zodiac signs
triṁśat māsān
for a period of thirty months in each
vilam-bamānaḥ
lingering
sarvān
all twelve signs of the zodiac
eva
certainly
anuparyeti
passes through
tāvadbhiḥ
by so many
anuvatsaraiḥ
Anuvatsaras
prāyeṇa
almost always
hi
indeed
sarveṣām
to all the inhabitants
aśāntikaraḥ
very troublesome.
Situated 1,600,000 miles above Jupiter, or 12,000,000 miles above earth, is the planet Saturn, which passes through one sign of the zodiac in thirty months and covers the entire zodiac circle in thirty Anuvatsaras. This planet is always very inauspicious for the universal situation.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Above Jupiter by 200,000 yojanas is Saturn, which travels slowly through one zodiac sign in thirty months. In this way it travels through all twelve signs in thirty anuvatsaras. [Note: Anuvatsara sometimes means the lunar year, but here probably means simply a solar year.] It is generally inauspicious for all people. From the earth Saturn is 1,500,000 yojanas.
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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.17

↗
తత ఉత్తరస్మాద‍ృషయ ఏకాదశలక్షయోజనాన్తర ఉపలభ్యన్తే య ఏవ లోకానాం శమనుభావయన్తో భగవతో విష్ణోర్యత్పరమం పదం ప్రదక్షిణం ప్రక్రమన్తి ॥ ౧౭ ॥
tata uttarasmād ṛṣaya ekādaśa-lakṣa-yojanāntara upalabhyante ya eva lokānāṁ śam anubhāvayanto bhagavato viṣṇor yat paramaṁ padaṁ pradakṣiṇaṁ prakramanti.
[tata uttarasmaad rishaya ekaadasha-laksha-yojanaantara upalabhyante ya eva lokaanaam sham anubhaavayanto bhagavato vishnor yat paramam padam pradakshinam prakramanti.]
Word-for-word
tataḥ — the planet Saturn uttarasmāt — above ṛṣayaḥ — great saintly sages ekādaśa-lakṣa-yojana-antare — at a distance of 1,100,000 yojanas upalabhyante — are situated ye — all of them eva — indeed lokānām — for all the inhabitants of the universe śam — the good fortune anubhāvayantaḥ — always thinking of bhagavataḥ — of the Supreme Personality of Godhead viṣṇoḥ — Lord Viṣṇu yat — which paramam padam — the supreme abode pradakṣiṇam — placing on the right prakramanti — circumambulate.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tata uttarasmād ṛṣaya ekādaśa-lakṣa-yojanāntara upalabhyante ya eva lokānāṁ śam anubhāvayanto bhagavato viṣṇor yat paramaṁ padaṁ pradakṣiṇaṁ prakramanti.
tataḥ
the planet Saturn
uttarasmāt
above
ṛṣayaḥ
great saintly sages
ekādaśa-lakṣa-yojana-antare
at a distance of 1,100,000 yojanas
upalabhyante
are situated
ye
all of them
eva
indeed
lokānām
for all the inhabitants of the universe
śam
the good fortune
anubhāvayantaḥ
always thinking of
bhagavataḥ
of the Supreme Personality of Godhead
viṣṇoḥ
Lord Viṣṇu
yat
which
paramam padam
the supreme abode
pradakṣiṇam
placing on the right
prakramanti
circumambulate.
Situated 8,800,000 miles above Saturn, or 20,800,000 miles above earth, are the seven saintly sages, who are always thinking of the well-being of the inhabitants of the universe. They circumambulate the supreme abode of Lord Viṣṇu, known as Dhruvaloka, the polestar.
Purport

Śrīla Madhvācārya quotes the following verse from the Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa:

jṣānānandātmano viṣṇuḥ śiśumāra-vapuṣy atha ūrdhva-lokeṣu sa vyāpta ādityādyās tad-āśritā

“Lord Viṣṇu, who is the source of knowledge and transcendental bliss, has assumed the form of Śiśumāra in the seventh heaven, which is situated in the topmost level of the universe. All the other planets, beginning with the sun, exist under the shelter of this Śiśumāra planetary system.”

Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports of the Fifth Canto, Twenty-second Chapter, of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, entitled “The Orbits of the Planets.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Situated above Saturn by 1,110,000 yojanas are the sages. Thinking of the welfare of the people, they rotate clockwise around Dhruvaloka, the abode of Viṣṇu. The sages are 2,600,000 yojanas above the earth. They rotate around Dhruvaloka. Thus ends the commentary on Twenty-second Chapter of the Fifth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas. Chapter Twenty-three The Form of the Dolphin
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