• manyunā — by anger
  From √man, 'to think' — manyu names a deep, considered anger, distinct from sudden krodha. The Bhāgavata chooses the deliberate word; Balarāma's wrath is not impulsive but ripening.
• samudraḥ — the ocean
  From sam + udra, 'gathering of waters.' The simile aligns Balarāma with the cosmic ocean — and Gauḍīyas identify Him with Kṣīrodakaśāyī, the Ocean-resting Viṣṇu. The image is literal-theological, not merely poetic.
• parvaṇi — on the full-moon day
  From parvan, 'a joint, a knot of time' — specifically the full-moon and new-moon nodes. The ocean swells at parvan because sun and moon align. The Bhāgavata picks the most charged time-word for the swelling rage.
• aruṇa — reddish
  Names the dawn-color, and Sūrya's charioteer Aruṇa. Balarāma's eyes are jātyā aruṇa — naturally rose-coloured even at rest, a sign of His Saṅkarṣaṇa-fury just beneath the surface.
• nyarbudam — of one hundred million
  One nyarbuda = 100,000,000. The stakes have climbed from 100 (verse 29) to 100 million — a thousand-thousand-fold escalation in three exchanges. Bhāgavata-storytelling at its most controlled.

Like the ocean swelling at the full moon — when sun and moon pull at the waters from opposite sides — Balarāma's calm surface rises into the great tide, His naturally-red eyes redder still, the stakes themselves climbing to a hundred million.