• garuḍa - dhvajam — having the flag of Garuḍa
  Compound: garuḍa (Viṣṇu's eagle-vāhana) + dhvaja (banner). Garuḍa is Bhagavān's vehicle in His Viṣṇu-aiśvarya form. Gauḍīyas note the flag's appearance precisely when Kṛṣṇa shifts from kinsman-mode to īśvara-mode: the banner marks the register-change.
• rāma - janārdanau — Balarāma and Kṛṣṇa
  Dual compound. Janārdana — 'agitator of (impious) men' — paired with Rāma's strength. Gauḍīyas treat the dual subject as essential: the brothers act as one center of force when the act is danda (rod, punishment).
• guru - druham — the harmer of (Their) superior
  Compound: guru (elder / superior) + druh (one who harms). Satrājit was father-in-law to Kṛṣṇa via Satyabhāmā — a guru in the kinship sense. Bhagavān's pursuit is framed not as private vengeance but as the punishment of one who harmed a guru.
• mahā - vegaiḥ aśvaiḥ — by very swift horses
  Compound + instrumental: mahā (great) + vega (speed) + aśva (horse). The verse opposes Śatadhanvā's hundred-yojana horse with the swift horses of Kṛṣṇa's chariot. Bhāgavata uses speed-asymmetry as one of its standard tropes for pāpa-vs-Bhagavān.

The Garuḍa-flag rises over the chariot of pursuit: Bhagavān moves under the banner of His own vāhana, the eater of serpents. Gauḍīyas read the flag as theology in cloth — Kṛṣṇa pursues evil under the standard of what consumes evil.