• tulya-balau — equal in prowess
  Compound dual: tulya (equal) + bala (strength). The technical equality that, in a śāstra-governed duel, would compel cessation. Balarāma is invoking the rule He Himself taught them — when prowess is equal, no fruitful outcome is possible, so the contest stops.
• prāṇa-adhikam — greater in vital force
  Compound: prāṇa (vital force) + adhika (greater). Refers to Bhīma — the bigger body, the heavier club-swing. The Lord names physical superiority frankly; bhakti's etiquette is not flattery, it is precision.
• śikṣayā adhikam — greater in training
  Phrase: śikṣayā (by instruction, instrumental) + adhika (greater). Refers to Duryodhana — the more polished technique. The verse arrives at the perfect symmetry: one excels by body, the other by discipline. Neither can dominate the other on his own ground.
• he rājan he vṛkodara — O King! O Bhīma!
  Vocatives: rājan (Duryodhana, addressed as the throne-holder) + Vṛkodara (Bhīma, 'wolf-bellied'). Balarāma greets them by their public names — not as enemies but as a teacher would call two students by their familiar epithets at the start of a correction.

Balarāma names what He sees from the guru-seat: 'one of you has more prāṇa, the other has more śikṣā.' Bhīma's body is heavier, Duryodhana's training is finer. It is the precise judgment of a teacher who knows both his students by hand — the kind of evaluation that, in a normal śāstra-class, would lead to a draw and a respectful bow. Here it is being offered to two men whose hearts have closed.