• avinayam — rudeness, lack of humility
  From a- (not) + vinaya (proper conduct, discipline). Vinaya is the foundational quality a śiṣya brings before a guru; avinaya is its absence. The Lord punishes precisely the lack of vinaya — the original asuric flaw.
• muṣalam — His club
  Muṣala — Balarāma's signature weapon, the pestle/club. Gauḍīyas note the muṣala is also a yajña-implement (used to husk rice for offerings); Balarāma's weaponry is agricultural-yājñika, never merely martial.
• halam — His plow
  Hala — the plow, source of His name Halāyudha. Plough first, weapon second: the Lord's tools cultivate the earth before they discipline its disturbers. Sandhinī-śakti shapes even His arsenal.
• ari-jighāṁsayā — with the intention to kill the enemy
  Compound: ari (enemy) + jighāṁsā (desire to kill, desiderative of √han). Bhagavān's hiṁsā is doctrinally not hiṁsā — it is precisely the form His mercy takes for an asura too far gone for any other intervention.
• kruddhaḥ — angry
  Past participle of √krudh. Bhagavān's krodha is not a vikāra of guṇa but a līlā-mood, taken up at need (cf. Nṛsiṁha). Gauḍīyas distinguish material krodha (a defect) from līlā-krodha (a perfection).

A king tolerates much, but when the mischief of one man becomes the suffering of many, he rises with the rod. Balarāma reaches not for a personal-wound response but for muṣala and hala — the implements that govern, plough, and pacify the land.