FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.51.1-6

శ్రీశుక ఉవాచ తం విలోక్య వినిష్క్రాన్తముజ్జిహానమివోడుపమ్ । దర్శనీయతమం శ్యామం పీతకౌశేయవాససమ్ ॥ ౧ ॥ శ్రీవత్సవక్షసం భ్రాజత్కౌస్తుభాముక్తకన్ధరమ్ । పృథుదీర్ఘచతుర్బాహుం నవకఞ్జారుణేక్షణమ్ ॥ ౨ ॥ నిత్యప్రముదితం శ్రీమత్సుకపోలం శుచిస్మితమ్ । ముఖారవిన్దం బిభ్రాణం స్ఫురన్మకరకుణ్డలమ్ ॥ ౩ ॥ వాసుదేవో హ్యయమితి పుమాన్ శ్రీవత్సలాఞ్ఛన: । చతుర్భుజోఽరవిన్దాక్షో వనమాల్యతిసున్దర: ॥ ౪ ॥ లక్షణైర్నారదప్రోక్తైర్నాన్యో భవితుమర్హతి । నిరాయుధశ్చలన్ పద్‍భ్యాం యోత్స్యేఽనేన నిరాయుధ: ॥ ౫ ॥ ఇతి నిశ్చిత్య యవన: ప్రాద్రవద్ తం పరాఙ్‍ముఖమ్ । అన్వధావజ్జిఘృక్షుస్తం దురాపమపి యోగినామ్ ॥ ౬ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca
[shree-shuka uvaacha]
taṁ vilokya viniṣkrāntam
[tam vilokya vinishkraantam]
ujjihānam ivoḍupam
[ujjihaanam ivodupam]
darśanīyatamaṁ śyāmaṁ
[darshaneeyatamam shyaamam]
pīta-kauśeya-vāsasam
[peeta-kausheya-vaasasam]
śrīvatsa-vakṣasaṁ bhrājat
[shreevatsa-vakshasam bhraajat]
kaustubhāmukta-kandharam
[kaustubhaamukta-kandharam]
pṛthu-dīrgha-catur-bāhuṁ
[prithu-deergha-chatur-baahum]
nava-kañjāruṇekṣaṇam
[nava-kanjaarunekshanam]
nitya-pramuditaṁ śrīmat
[nitya-pramuditam shreemat]
su-kapolaṁ śuci-smitam
[su-kapolam shuchi-smitam]
mukhāravindaṁ bibhrāṇaṁ
[mukhaaravindam bibhraanam]
sphuran-makara-kuṇḍalam
[sphuran-makara-kundalam]
vāsudevo hy ayam iti
[vaasudevo hy ayam iti]
pumān śrīvatsa-lāñchanaḥ
[pumaan shreevatsa-laanchanah]
catur-bhujo ’ravindākṣo
[chatur-bhujo ’ravindaaksho]
vana-māly ati-sundaraḥ
[vana-maaly ati-sundarah]
lakṣaṇair nārada-proktair
[lakshanair naarada-proktair]
nānyo bhavitum arhati
[naanyo bhavitum arhati]
nirāyudhaś calan padbhyāṁ
[niraayudhash chalan padbhyaam]
yotsye ’nena nirāyudhaḥ
[yotsye ’nena niraayudhah]
iti niścitya yavanaḥ
[iti nishchitya yavanah]
prādravad taṁ parāṅ-mukham
[praadravad tam paraan-mukham]
anvadhāvaj jighṛkṣus taṁ
[anvadhaavaj jighrikshus tam]
durāpam api yoginām
[duraapam api yoginaam]
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca — Śukadeva Gosvāmī said tam — Him vilokya — seeing viniṣkrāntam — coming out ujjihānam — rising iva — as if uḍupam — the moon darśanīya - tamam — the most beautiful to behold śyāmam — dark blue pīta — yellow kauśeya — silk vāsasam — whose garment śrīvatsa — the mark of the goddess of fortune, consisting of a special swirl of hair and belonging to the Supreme Lord alone vakṣasam — upon whose chest bhrājat — brilliant kaustubha — with the gem Kaustubha āmukta — decorated kandharam — whose neck pṛthu — broad dīrgha — and long catuḥ — four bāhum — having arms nava — newly grown kañja — like lotuses aruṇa — pink īkṣaṇam — whose eyes nitya — always pramuditam — joyful śrīmat — effulgent su — beautiful kapolam — with cheeks śuci — clean smitam — with a smile mukha — His face aravindam — lotuslike bibhrāṇam — displaying sphuran — glittering makara — shark kuṇḍalam — earrings vāsudevaḥ — Vāsudeva hi — indeed ayam — this iti — thus thinking pumān — person śrīvatsa - lāñchanaḥ — marked with Śrīvatsa catuḥ - bhujaḥ — four-armed aravinda - akṣaḥ — lotus-eyed vana — of forest flowers mālī — wearing a garland ati — extremely sundaraḥ — beautiful lakṣaṇaiḥ — by the symptoms nārada - proktaiḥ — told by Nārada Muni na — no anyaḥ — other bhavitum arhati — can He be nirāyudhaḥ — without weapons calan — going padbhyām — by foot yotsye — I will fight anena — with Him nirāyudhaḥ — without weapons iti — thus niścitya — deciding yavanaḥ — the barbarian Kālayavana prādravantam — who was fleeing parāk — turned away mukham — whose face anvadhāvat — he pursued jighṛkṣuḥ — wanting to catch tam — Him durāpam — unattainable api — even yoginām — by mystic yogīs. .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-śuka uvāca
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said
taṁ vilokya viniṣkrāntam
tam
Him
vilokya
seeing
viniṣkrāntam
coming out
ujjihānam ivoḍupam
ujjihānam
rising
iva
as if
darśanīyatamaṁ śyāmaṁ
pīta-kauśeya-vāsasam
śrīvatsa-vakṣasaṁ bhrājat
kaustubhāmukta-kandharam
pṛthu-dīrgha-catur-bāhuṁ
uḍupam
the moon
nava-kañjāruṇekṣaṇam
nitya-pramuditaṁ śrīmat
su-kapolaṁ śuci-smitam
mukhāravindaṁ bibhrāṇaṁ
darśanīya - tamam
the most beautiful to behold
sphuran-makara-kuṇḍalam
vāsudevo hy ayam iti
pumān śrīvatsa-lāñchanaḥ
catur-bhujo ’ravindākṣo
vana-māly ati-sundaraḥ
lakṣaṇair nārada-proktair
nānyo bhavitum arhati
nirāyudhaś calan padbhyāṁ
yotsye ’nena nirāyudhaḥ
śyāmam
dark blue
iti niścitya yavanaḥ
prādravad taṁ parāṅ-mukham
anvadhāvaj jighṛkṣus taṁ
durāpam api yoginām
pīta
yellow
kauśeya
silk
vāsasam
whose garment
śrīvatsa
the mark of the goddess of fortune, consisting of a special swirl of hair and belonging to the Supreme Lord alone
vakṣasam
upon whose chest
bhrājat
brilliant
kaustubha
with the gem Kaustubha
āmukta
decorated
kandharam
whose neck
pṛthu
broad
dīrgha
and long
catuḥ
four
bāhum
having arms
nava
newly grown
kañja
like lotuses
aruṇa
pink
īkṣaṇam
whose eyes
nitya
always
pramuditam
joyful
śrīmat
effulgent
su
beautiful
kapolam
with cheeks
śuci
clean
smitam
with a smile
mukha
His face
aravindam
lotuslike
bibhrāṇam
displaying
sphuran
glittering
makara
shark
kuṇḍalam
earrings
vāsudevaḥ
Vāsudeva
hi
indeed
ayam
this
iti
thus thinking
pumān
person
śrīvatsa - lāñchanaḥ
marked with Śrīvatsa
catuḥ - bhujaḥ
four-armed
aravinda - akṣaḥ
lotus-eyed
vana
of forest flowers
mālī
wearing a garland
ati
extremely
sundaraḥ
beautiful
lakṣaṇaiḥ
by the symptoms
nārada - proktaiḥ
told by Nārada Muni
na
no
anyaḥ
other
bhavitum arhati
can He be
nirāyudhaḥ
without weapons
calan
going
padbhyām
by foot
yotsye
I will fight
anena
with Him
nirāyudhaḥ
without weapons
iti
thus
niścitya
deciding
yavanaḥ
the barbarian Kālayavana
prādravantam
who was fleeing
parāk
turned away
mukham
whose face
anvadhāvat
he pursued
jighṛkṣuḥ
wanting to catch
tam
Him
durāpam
unattainable
api
even
yoginām
by mystic yogīs. .
  • śyāmam — dark blue
    The Gauḍīya signature complexion of Bhagavān — ghana-śyāma, the rain-cloud hue that the gopīs, Yaśodā and the cowherd boys drink with their eyes. Not a generic 'blue god'; this exact śyāma is what Nārada had described to Kālayavana as the mark of Vāsudeva.
  • śrīvatsa-lāñchanaḥ — marked with Śrīvatsa
    Compound: śrīvatsa (the curl of hair on the Lord's chest, the resting-place of Lakṣmī) + lāñchanaḥ (bearing as a mark). One of the diagnostic Vaiṣṇava lakṣaṇas — Bhagavān alone bears it; demigods do not.
  • catuḥ-bhujaḥ — four-armed
    Bhagavān's aiśvarya-form here briefly displaces the two-armed Vraja-Kṛṣṇa, so that the lakṣaṇas Nārada specified can be confirmed. Gauḍīyas note that Kṛṣṇa shows whichever form serves the līlā — four arms to convince Kālayavana, two arms for Vraja's intimacy.
  • vāsudevaḥ — Vāsudeva, son of Vasudeva
    The name under which Bhagavān is worshiped as the omnipresent Supreme — vasati sarvatra iti vāsudevaḥ. Kālayavana names Him correctly even while attacking; even asuric recognition is a kind of remembrance, and Mucukunda will redeem this same name in stuti.
  • nārada-proktaiḥ — described by Nārada Muni
    Compound: nārada + proktaiḥ (declared). The Vaiṣṇava lakṣaṇas reach even Kālayavana through Nāradīya transmission. Paramparā is so potent that an asura can identify Bhagavān correctly when a pure devotee has told him what to look for.
  • durāpam — difficult to attain
    From dur (difficult) + āp (attain). The very Lord whom yogīs cannot catch in meditation deliberately makes Himself appear catchable to Kālayavana — His durāpatva and His sulabhatva (easy approachability) are the same compassion seen from two angles.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Kālayavana saw the Lord come out from Mathurā like the rising moon. The Lord was most beautiful to behold, with His dark-blue complexion and yellow silk garment. Upon His chest He bore the mark of Śrīvatsa, and the Kaustubha gem adorned His neck. His four arms were sturdy and long. He displayed His ever-joyful lotuslike face, with eyes pink like lotuses, beautifully effulgent cheeks, a pristine smile and glittering shark-shaped earrings. The barbarian thought, “This person must indeed be Vāsudeva, since He possesses the characteristics Nārada mentioned: He is marked with Śrīvatsa, He has four arms, His eyes are like lotuses, He wears a garland of forest flowers, and He is extremely handsome. He cannot be anyone else. Since He goes on foot and unarmed, I will fight Him without weapons.” Resolving thus, he ran after the Lord, who turned His back and ran away. Kālayavana hoped to catch Lord Kṛṣṇa, though great mystic yogīs cannot attain Him.

Although Kālayavana was seeing Lord Kṛṣṇa with his own eyes, he could not adequately appreciate the beautiful Lord. Thus instead of worshiping Kṛṣṇa, he attacked Him. Similarly, it is not uncommon for modern men to attack Kṛṣṇa in the name of philosophy, “law and order” and even religion.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Kālayavana saw the Lord come out from Mathurā like the rising moon. The Lord was most beautiful to behold, with His dark-blue complexion and yellow silk garment. Upon His chest He bore the mark of Śrīvatsa, and the Kaustubha gem adorned His neck. His four arms were sturdy and long. He displayed His ever-joyful lotuslike face, with eyes pink like lotuses, beautifully effulgent cheeks, a pristine smile and glittering shark-shaped earrings. The barbarian thought, "This person must indeed be Vāsudeva, since He possesses the characteristics Nārada mentioned: He is marked with Śrīvatsa, He has four arms, His eyes are like lotuses, He wears a garland of forest flowers, and He is extremely handsome. He cannot be anyone else. Since He goes on foot and unarmed, I will fight Him without weapons." Resolving thus, he ran after the Lord, who turned His back and ran away. Kālayavana hoped to catch Lord Kṛṣṇa, though great mystic yogīs cannot attain Him.
Commentary

In the fifty first chapter Mucukunda burns up Kalayavana with his glance and satisfies Krsna with his prayers. Krsna gives Mucunda benediction. Though others who are qualified by devotion can appreciate the beauty of Krsna, the asuras cannot taste that beauty even if the Lord is before their eyes, because of their inimical attitude. To show that fact, this verse describes the beauty of Krsna as he stood before Kalayavana. Kalayavana chased Krsna who was fleeing away (pradravantam).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Kālayavana saw him coming out of the city. The word vi--niṣkrantam indicates he was certain that Kṛṣṇa had come out. Śukadeva describes Kṛṣṇa, by seeing his real nature out of prema. This is not how Kālayavana saw him, since if he did, he could not have had enmity with him. Nāhaṁ prakāśaḥ sarvasya yoga-māyā-samāvṛtaḥ: being covered by my yoga-māyā, I am not visible at all to the fools. (BG 7.26) Just as a person fond of bitter foods does not appreciate sweet foods, demons see only a dull shadow of the real Kṛṣṇa. Though they see Kṛṣṇa, they do not really see him. Because Kṛṣṇa appeared according to Nārada’s description, with four long, thick arms, because of the distinguishing characteristics related by Nārada, Kālayavana quickly understood that this was Kṛṣṇa. He had eyes pink like a fresh lotus. According to Amara-koṣa, aruṇa means very pale red. His cheeks possessed beauty (śrīmat). The suffix mat is used to suggest praise. Sukapola indicates the excellence of his body parts. He smiled because of pleasure. His earrings and other ornaments as well sparkled (sphūran). The first three verses describe Kṛṣṇa. Kālayavana thought, “This must be Vāsudeva. It cannot be anyone else.” He then describes Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa was going at quite a fast pace in a playful manner (pra—ā—dravantam). Out of pride Kālayavana wanted to catch him. But because Kṛṣṇa was difficult to catch even for yogīs, Kālayavana would be a laughing stock.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Kālayavana saw him coming out of the city, strolling at a casual pace, alone (vi-niṣkrantam). He was like the rising moon, a disc of light which gives joy to the mind and eye. Thus he saw the Lord clearly (vilokya), though he was at a distance. He is depicted as most beautiful. Nārada, having always seen the four armed form, described this to Kālayavana. Thus he saw Kṛṣṇa in his form now. His eyes were red like fresh lotuses. Also implied by the word nava (new) are the eyes’ wideness and happiness since these are constant qualities of his eyes. He was ever joyful and thus endowed with all beauty (śrīmat). Another cause of beauty is mentioned. He was endowed with or manifested (vibhrāṇam) beautiful cheeks, smile and lotus face. This person must be the son of Vasudeva, with extraordinary qualities like the Śrīvatsa mark. He was most beautiful with the lotus garland extending to his feet. The previously mentioned details of his form are also understood in what Kālayavana described. He recognized the Lord by what Nārada had described (iti). Or he thought (iti), “It cannot be anyone else.” He then decided, “Since he has no weapons I will also fight without weapons.” Kṛṣṇa was walking slightly fast, and casually (prādravantam). He wanted to catch Kṛṣṇa, out of pride, and because he thought he could do it. He pursued Kṛṣṇa on foot, though Kṛṣṇa could not be caught by yogīs. This shows the demon’s foolishness.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses

Kṛṣṇa walking unarmed out of Mathurā is the moon rising over a dark fortress — beauty itself stepping into the open, drawing the enemy outward. Kālayavana sees the four arms, Śrīvatsa, Kaustubha, makara earrings — every detail Nārada had described — and concludes, 'This must be Vāsudeva.' Even a barbarian, given the Vaiṣṇava lakṣaṇas in advance, can recognize Bhagavān when He appears.

Akrūra at the river

Earlier in this same canto (SB 10.39), Akrūra, on his way to Mathurā, sees Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma in the Yamunā exactly as the śāstras describe — śyāma, four-armed in vision, marked with Śrīvatsa, garlanded with vanamālā. He recognizes Bhagavān by the lakṣaṇas because Nārada and the Bhāgavata tradition had given him the map.

Kālayavana's recognition here is the asuric mirror of Akrūra's: same lakṣaṇas, same Vāsudeva, but pursued with weapons rather than with prayers. The form is identical; the mood determines the fruit.

📝 My note

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