FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.39.17-18

గతిం సులలితాం చేష్టాం స్‍నిగ్ధహాసావలోకనమ్ । శోకాపహాని నర్మాణి ప్రోద్దామచరితాని చ ॥ ౧౭ ॥ చిన్తయన్త్యో ముకున్దస్య భీతా విరహకాతరా: । సమేతా: సఙ్ఘశ: ప్రోచురశ్రుముఖ్యోఽచ్యుతాశయా: ॥ ౧౮ ॥
gatiṁ su-lalitāṁ ceṣṭāṁ
[gatim su-lalitaam cheshtaam]
snigdha-hāsāvalokanam
[snigdha-haasaavalokanam]
śokāpahāni narmāṇi
[shokaapahaani narmaani]
proddāma-caritāni ca
[proddaama-charitaani cha]
cintayantyo mukundasya
[chintayantyo mukundasya]
bhītā viraha-kātarāḥ
[bheetaa viraha-kaataraah]
sametāḥ saṅghaśaḥ procur
[sametaah sanghashah prochur]
aśru-mukhyo ’cyutāśayāḥ
[ashru-mukhyo ’chyutaashayaah]
gatim — the movements su - lalitām — very charming ceṣṭām — the activities snigdha — affectionate hāsa — smiling avalokanam — the glances śoka — unhappiness apahāni — which remove narmāṇi — the joking words proddāma — mighty caritāni — the deeds ca — and cintayantyaḥ — thinking about mukundasya — of Lord Kṛṣṇa bhītaḥ — afraid viraha — because of separation kātarāḥ — greatly distressed sametāḥ — joining together saṅghaśaḥ — in groups procuḥ — they spoke aśru — with tears mukhyaḥ — their faces acyuta - āśayāḥ — their minds absorbed in Lord Acyuta .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
gatiṁ su-lalitāṁ ceṣṭāṁ
gatim
the movements
su - lalitām
very charming
ceṣṭām
the activities
snigdha-hāsāvalokanam
snigdha
affectionate
hāsa
smiling
avalokanam
the glances
śokāpahāni narmāṇi
śoka
unhappiness
apahāni
which remove
narmāṇi
the joking words
proddāma-caritāni ca
proddāma
mighty
caritāni
the deeds
ca
and
cintayantyo mukundasya
cintayantyaḥ
thinking about
mukundasya
of Lord Kṛṣṇa
bhītā viraha-kātarāḥ
bhītaḥ
afraid
viraha
because of separation
kātarāḥ
greatly distressed
sametāḥ saṅghaśaḥ procur
sametāḥ
joining together
saṅghaśaḥ
in groups
procuḥ
they spoke
aśru-mukhyo ’cyutāśayāḥ
aśru
with tears
mukhyaḥ
their faces
acyuta - āśayāḥ
their minds absorbed in Lord Acyuta .
  • viraha — separation
    The master-word of this chapter and of Gauḍīya rasa-śāstra. Vipralambha-rasa, of which viraha is the engine, is held by Caitanya Mahāprabhu's followers as higher than sambhoga (union), because separation reveals the depth of love.
  • mukundasya — of Mukunda (Kṛṣṇa, giver of liberation)
    Ironically named — Mukunda = giver of mukti — at the moment He seems to give bondage to longing. Gauḍīyas resolve: the highest mukti He gives is enslavement in love, not freedom from it.
  • acyuta - āśayāḥ — whose hearts/intentions are in Acyuta
    Acyuta = the Infallible One. The gopīs are described as those whose entire inner content (āśaya) has migrated into Kṛṣṇa — Sanātana Gosvāmī's definition of pure devotee occupancy.
  • snigdha - hāsa — affectionate smiles
    Snigdha = oily, smooth, hence affectionate. The image is of a smile whose softness lingers like oil on the heart's surface — the kind of detail the gopīs are now drowning in.
  • proddāma — uncontainable / unbridled
    Pra + uddāma = bursting out of restraint. Used here for Kṛṣṇa's deeds — His heroic exploits exceed any boundary, including the gopīs' capacity to bear remembering them now.
The gopīs were frightened at the prospect of even the briefest separation from Lord Mukunda, so now, as they remembered His graceful gait, His pastimes, His affectionate, smiling glances, His heroic deeds and His joking words, which would relieve their distress, they were beside themselves with anxiety at the thought of the great separation about to come. They gathered in groups and spoke to one another, their faces covered with tears and their minds fully absorbed in Acyuta.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The gopīs were frightened at the prospect of even the briefest separation from Lord Mukunda, so now, as they remembered His graceful gait, His pastimes, His affectionate, smiling glances, His heroic deeds and His joking words, which would relieve their distress, they were beside themselves with anxiety at the thought of the great separation about to come. They gathered in groups and spoke to one another, their faces covered with tears and their minds fully absorbed in Acyuta.
Commentary

In this way they spent the night experiencing various sancari bhavas such as fainting (murccha), the waves of prema. Gaining external consciousness through the strength of the sancari bhava of anxiety over whether they would see him again, they gathered in the early morning in front of Nanda’s door in great longing, and all being afflicted with the coming separation, began discussing in a group. Those gopis who feared even a moment’s separation, were now afflicted with an approaching lengthy separation. When all the different groups joined together, they began conversing.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Then what happened? Affected by their great anxiety, they gathered in front of his door with great longing, and in grief began crying and lamenting. They remembered him as he departed and returned with longing from the forest. They remembered his various pastimes with his friends. They remembered his smiling glance toward them with deep affection. His walking, his pastimes and his smile were all playful (sulalitam). The affix su in sulalitam indicates that his playful acts were most excellent. They knew them but could not explain them. When he glanced at them with affection they did not believe him. He then joked with them. This removed their sorrow. In his jokes he hinted at meeting them, and with jokes, took them to the groves and had intimate pastimes with them out of deep anurāga. They began to think, “He will now leave us.” They experienced regret. Their faces became covered with tears, for they feared even a moment’s separation from him. But they became most agitated with the upcoming great separation, for he was fixed in his resolve (acyuta). They were attached to him in spite of this. But he also was fixed in not giving them up. Though they met together they still had different groups. They then spoke with great suffering (pra—ucuḥ). They spoke as one person since they were one at heart. Sometimes they would hear the words of the chief gopī and agree with everything she said because of reverence, similar feelings and satisfaction. Their lamentation continued from the time of the announcement in the evening until he departed.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Two verses describe how they gathered together crying in lamentation, to cancel the separation. They remembered his gait, like that of an intoxicated elephant. This was most beautiful. The phrase sulalitam can modify the other words in the sentence also. The description is representative of his other actions as well. His acts were heroic feats like killing Pūtanā (ceṣṭam). These are acts involving the whole body. Or it can refer to his manifestation of qualities like mercy. His glance was endowed with a charming smile. This indicates his sweetness. His jokes (words) completely removed all lamentation—dissatisfaction and regret or fear of their husbands. His pastimes such as the rāsa dance were most astonishing (proddāma). These pastimes also removed all lamentation (ca). Thus his qualities, form, words and pastimes were all sweet. He bestowed the highest bliss (mukundasya) through his gait, qualities, etc. By their nature, they were afraid of separation. Now however, they were pained at the approaching separation. Previously they gathered in their separate groups but now they all gathered together. They spoke (procuḥ) in pitiful voices which would break wood or stone. Because they were weeping, their faces were covered with tears because they had taken shelter of Kṛṣṇa, who never deviates from his qualities of favoring the suffering souls. Will he come back at some time because of our painful cries, since he favors the miserable? Or “In travelling one should feel it is auspicious and not cry in lamentation.” Our discrimination has disappeared because our hearts have been permanently stolen by him (acyuta). Or they became lost in thought about the present instructions since their minds did not deviate (acyuta) from Kṛṣṇa or his gait etc. Or their fixed minds were the cause of continuously thinking of him and all other actions mentioned in the verse.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses

Like calves cried out for the cow's call all at once — frightened of even a moment's separation, the gopīs gather in clusters and pour out their fear of Mukunda's gait, His glance, His pranks, His jokes, His heroic deeds — every memory they have, surfacing at once. Bhāva floods them with their entire history of Him.

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