Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.23.38
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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anusmṛtya
—
coming to their senses
Absolutive of anu + √smṛ — 'remembering after.' Recognition deferred. Gauḍīyas note: smaraṇa even after the fact is a limb of bhakti; better late than never.
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anvatapyan
—
felt great remorse
Imperfect of anu + √tap — 'to burn with regret.' Anutāpa — burning. The Bhāgavatam recognises this burning as a purificatory fire. Their next eight verses are anutāpa as recovery.
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kṛta-agasaḥ
—
having committed sinful offenses
Compound: kṛta (done) + agasaḥ (offenses). Āgas — the technical term for offense, esp. against Bhagavān. They name the wrong correctly — the first step of its undoing.
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viśva-īśvarayoḥ
—
of the two Lords of the universe
Compound dual: viśva (universe) + īśvarayoḥ (controllers, dual). They now see Kṛṣṇa-Balarāma as viśva-īśvaras — what verses 10-11 said Śuka would tell us. Recognition, finally.
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nr-viḍambayoḥ
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of those deceptively appearing as human beings
Compound dual: nṛ (human) + viḍambayoḥ (imitating). Viḍambana — Bhagavān's deliberate mimicry of human ways. The brāhmaṇas finally see what the wives saw immediately.
Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma did not try to deceive the brāhmaṇas: They straightforwardly requested food from them. Rather, the brāhmaṇas deceived themselves, as indicated by the Sanskrit word nṛ-viḍambayoḥ, which means that Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma are bewildering for an ordinary human being who considers Them also to be human. Still, because the wives of the brāhmaṇas were great devotees of the Lord, the foolish brāhmaṇas received spiritual benefit and finally came to their senses.
Though the women were their wives, they regarded them as their gurus, and they criticized themselves since they had no devotion. The bhakti of their wives was impossible to see in ordinary society (alaukikam).
By the power of association with their wives who attained the mercy of the Lord who had said, “Your husbands will not find fault in you” their husbands came to their senses. This verse and the rest of the chapter glorify their wives. After this incident, the husbands, though having pride, became repentant. How could the two Lords beg? They were engaged in spreading human-like pastimes (nṛ-viḍambayoḥ). Or, they laughed at men like us who have no devotion. The brāhmaṇas’ use of the first person (We have ignored their request for food) shows that a trace of false identity remained, or it shows their shame.
By the power of association with their wives who attained the mercy of Lord, their husbands came to their senses. This verse and the rest of the chapter glorify their wives. After this incident (atha) they repented, because the husbands’ crooked attitude was destroyed. Of after the sacrifice was concluded (ata) with accepting the Lord’s remnants, the spiritual effect manifested and they became purified. Or after the Lord had eaten (ataḥ), by his accepting the food they manifested bhakti. Or after the wives came to the sacrifice, by the potency of seeing their wives’, they repented. Examining closely (anusmṛtya) that they had been afflicted with pride, they began to lament (anvatapyan). We have refused the request of not only the avatāra of the Lord but of the avatarī, Kṛṣṇa, (viśveśayoḥ). If they are lords of the universe why did they request food? They spread pastimes which are human-like. Or, they laughed at men like us who have no devotion. The brāhmaṇas’ use of aham (We have ignored their request for food) shows that a trace of false identity remained, or it shows their shame. Or giving up identity as brāhmaṇaṣ they saw themselves as ordinary humans.
A man who shut his door on a king dressed as a beggar realises an hour later who he turned away — the brāhmaṇas come to their senses. Recognition arrives, but only after the deed. Pride disables the immediate seeing; reflection sometimes restores it.
Even Akrūra, sent to Vṛndāvana under Kaṁsa's orders, agonized for the entire journey over whether he had any qualification to approach Kṛṣṇa (SB 10.38). Repentance for not having recognized Bhagavān is a classical bhakta-mood.
The brāhmaṇas of this verse occupy the recognition-after-failure register that the Bhāgavatam treats as itself a stage of bhakti. Anutāpa — burning remorse — is the back-door entry the chapter opens for them.
My note
Source: vedabase.io