FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.23.38

అథానుస్మృత్య విప్రాస్తే అన్వతప్యన్కృతాగస: । యద్ విశ్వేశ్వరయోర్యాచ్ఞామహన్మ నృవిడమ్బయో: ॥ ౩౮ ॥
athānusmṛtya viprās te
[athaanusmritya vipraas te]
anvatapyan kṛtāgasaḥ
[anvatapyan kritaagasah]
yad viśveśvarayor yācñām
[yad vishveshvarayor yaachnaam]
ahanma nṛ-viḍambayoḥ
[ahanma nri-vidambayoh]
atha — then anusmṛtya — coming to their senses viprāḥ — the brāhmaṇas te — they anvatapyan — felt great remorse kṛta - agasaḥ — having committed sinful offenses yat — because viśva - īśvarayoḥ — of the two Lords of the universe, Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma yācñām — the humble supplication ahanma — we transgressed nr - viḍambayoḥ — of those who were deceptively appearing as human beings .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
athānusmṛtya viprās te
atha
then
anusmṛtya
coming to their senses
viprāḥ
the brāhmaṇas
te
they
anvatapyan kṛtāgasaḥ
anvatapyan
felt great remorse
kṛta - agasaḥ
having committed sinful offenses
yad viśveśvarayor yācñām
yat
because
viśva - īśvarayoḥ
of the two Lords of the universe, Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma
yācñām
the humble supplication
ahanma nṛ-viḍambayoḥ
ahanma
we transgressed
nr - viḍambayoḥ
of those who were deceptively appearing as human beings .
  • anusmṛtya — coming to their senses
    Absolutive of anu + √smṛ — 'remembering after.' Recognition deferred. Gauḍīyas note: smaraṇa even after the fact is a limb of bhakti; better late than never.
  • anvatapyan — felt great remorse
    Imperfect of anu + √tap — 'to burn with regret.' Anutāpa — burning. The Bhāgavatam recognises this burning as a purificatory fire. Their next eight verses are anutāpa as recovery.
  • kṛta-agasaḥ — having committed sinful offenses
    Compound: kṛta (done) + agasaḥ (offenses). Āgas — the technical term for offense, esp. against Bhagavān. They name the wrong correctly — the first step of its undoing.
  • viśva-īśvarayoḥ — of the two Lords of the universe
    Compound dual: viśva (universe) + īśvarayoḥ (controllers, dual). They now see Kṛṣṇa-Balarāma as viśva-īśvaras — what verses 10-11 said Śuka would tell us. Recognition, finally.
  • nr-viḍambayoḥ — of those deceptively appearing as human beings
    Compound dual: nṛ (human) + viḍambayoḥ (imitating). Viḍambana — Bhagavān's deliberate mimicry of human ways. The brāhmaṇas finally see what the wives saw immediately.
The brāhmaṇas then came to their senses and began to feel great remorse. They thought, “We have sinned, for we have denied the request of the two Lords of the universe, who deceptively appeared as ordinary human beings.”

Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma did not try to deceive the brāhmaṇas: They straightforwardly requested food from them. Rather, the brāhmaṇas deceived themselves, as indicated by the Sanskrit word nṛ-viḍambayoḥ, which means that Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma are bewildering for an ordinary human being who considers Them also to be human. Still, because the wives of the brāhmaṇas were great devotees of the Lord, the foolish brāhmaṇas received spiritual benefit and finally came to their senses.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The brāhmaṇas then came to their senses and began to feel great remorse. They thought, "We have sinned, for we have denied the request of the two Lords of the universe, who deceptively appeared as ordinary human beings."
Commentary

Though the women were their wives, they regarded them as their gurus, and they criticized themselves since they had no devotion. The bhakti of their wives was impossible to see in ordinary society (alaukikam).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

By the power of association with their wives who attained the mercy of the Lord who had said, “Your husbands will not find fault in you” their husbands came to their senses. This verse and the rest of the chapter glorify their wives. After this incident, the husbands, though having pride, became repentant. How could the two Lords beg? They were engaged in spreading human-like pastimes (nṛ-viḍambayoḥ). Or, they laughed at men like us who have no devotion. The brāhmaṇas’ use of the first person (We have ignored their request for food) shows that a trace of false identity remained, or it shows their shame.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

By the power of association with their wives who attained the mercy of Lord, their husbands came to their senses. This verse and the rest of the chapter glorify their wives. After this incident (atha) they repented, because the husbands’ crooked attitude was destroyed. Of after the sacrifice was concluded (ata) with accepting the Lord’s remnants, the spiritual effect manifested and they became purified. Or after the Lord had eaten (ataḥ), by his accepting the food they manifested bhakti. Or after the wives came to the sacrifice, by the potency of seeing their wives’, they repented. Examining closely (anusmṛtya) that they had been afflicted with pride, they began to lament (anvatapyan). We have refused the request of not only the avatāra of the Lord but of the avatarī, Kṛṣṇa, (viśveśayoḥ). If they are lords of the universe why did they request food? They spread pastimes which are human-like. Or, they laughed at men like us who have no devotion. The brāhmaṇas’ use of aham (We have ignored their request for food) shows that a trace of false identity remained, or it shows their shame. Or giving up identity as brāhmaṇaṣ they saw themselves as ordinary humans.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Concepts
Avatara

A man who shut his door on a king dressed as a beggar realises an hour later who he turned away — the brāhmaṇas come to their senses. Recognition arrives, but only after the deed. Pride disables the immediate seeing; reflection sometimes restores it.

Akrūra's repentance on the road

Even Akrūra, sent to Vṛndāvana under Kaṁsa's orders, agonized for the entire journey over whether he had any qualification to approach Kṛṣṇa (SB 10.38). Repentance for not having recognized Bhagavān is a classical bhakta-mood.

The brāhmaṇas of this verse occupy the recognition-after-failure register that the Bhāgavatam treats as itself a stage of bhakti. Anutāpa — burning remorse — is the back-door entry the chapter opens for them.

📝 My note

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