Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 11.5.20
శ్రీకరభాజన ఉవాచ
కృతం త్రేతా ద్వాపరం చ కలిరిత్యేషు కేశవ: ।
నానావర్ణాభిధాకారో నానైవ విధినేజ్యతే ॥ ౨౦ ॥
śrī-karabhājana uvāca
[shree-karabhaajana uvaacha]
kṛtaṁ tretā dvāparaṁ ca
[kritam tretaa dvaaparam cha]
kalir ity eṣu keśavaḥ
[kalir ity eshu keshavah]
nānā-varṇābhidhākāro
[naanaa-varnaabhidhaakaaro]
nānaiva vidhinejyate
[naanaiva vidhinejyate]
Word-for-word
śrī-karabhājanaḥ uvāca
—
Śrī Karabhājana said
kṛtam
—
Satya
tretā
—
Tretā
dvāparam
—
Dvāpara
ca
—
and
kaliḥ
—
Kali
iti
—
thus named
eṣu
—
in these ages
keśavaḥ
—
the Supreme Lord, Keśava
nānā
—
various
varṇa
—
having complexions
abhidhā
—
names
ākāraḥ
—
and forms
nānā
—
various
eva
—
similarly
vidhinā
—
by processes
ijyate
—
is worshiped.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-karabhājana uvāca
śrī-karabhājanaḥ uvāca
Śrī Karabhājana said
kṛtaṁ tretā dvāparaṁ ca
kṛtam
Satya
tretā
Tretā
dvāparam
Dvāpara
ca
and
kalir ity eṣu keśavaḥ
kaliḥ
Kali
iti
thus named
eṣu
in these ages
keśavaḥ
the Supreme Lord, Keśava
nānā-varṇābhidhākāro
nānā
various
varṇa
having complexions
abhidhā
names
ākāraḥ
and forms
nānaiva vidhinejyate
nānā
various
eva
similarly
vidhinā
by processes
ijyate
is worshiped.
Śrī Karabhājana replied: In each of the four yugas, or ages — Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara and Kali — Lord Keśava appears with various complexions, names and forms and is thus worshiped by various processes.
Gauḍīya Ācāryas
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura
Gauḍīya
Translation
Karabhājana said: In each of the four yugas—Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara and Kali—the Lord appears with various complexions, names and forms and is worshiped by various processes.
Related lectures
Personal Guidance
Across the four yugas, Keśava descends in different complexions, names, and forms — and is worshiped by the process suited to each age.
Practical Applications
- Identify the yuga-dharma process for our age — saṅkīrtana of Kṛṣṇa's names — and chant a fixed number of names today without negotiation.
- Refuse the romantic wish that you were born in a 'better' yuga; accept this Kali-yuga and use the very method Keśava prescribed for it.
- When you meet someone worshiping Keśava under a different name or form across traditions, look for the same Person rather than dismissing or flattening the difference.
Reflection Questions
- Which yuga's process am I secretly trying to practice — silent meditation, elaborate ritual, grand sacrifice — instead of the saṅkīrtana given for now?
- Where do I treat Kṛṣṇa's different names and forms as separate gods rather than as the one Keśava adapting to time, place, and people?
For Each Age Group
youth
- Set a daily count of names to chant before opening social media, so the yuga-dharma anchors the day before the feed does.
- When classmates argue that all religions are 'basically the same,' use this verse to say something more precise: one Keśava, different processes by age — not a flat equivalence.
- Notice the urge to design your own spirituality from pieces you like online; commit instead to the one process Keśava prescribed for now and test it for a semester.
householder
- Build the household around saṅkīrtana — a fixed time when spouse and children hear or chant Kṛṣṇa's names together, so the yuga-process shapes family rhythm, not just personal practice.
- When work travel or deadlines tempt you to drop chanting 'until things calm down,' treat that as the exact condition this verse addresses and keep the process even at reduced volume.
- When relatives worship Keśava under other names and forms at family gatherings, participate respectfully while keeping your own prescribed process intact at home.
senior
- Make chanting the names your primary daily occupation now that career obligations are loosening — the verse's yuga-process becomes the legacy practice, not a side activity.
- Mentor a younger person specifically in how to chant in Kali-yuga conditions, passing on the vidhi rather than vague advice to 'be spiritual.'
- As mortality grows nearer, drop the lingering wish to have practiced 'a higher process from an earlier age' and trust that Keśava placed you in this yuga with exactly the right method.
Common Pitfalls
- Concluding that since Keśava takes many names and forms, all worship is equally effective in every age — ignoring the verse's point that the vidhi differs by yuga.
- Using 'various processes' as license to invent a private process that suits one's taste rather than the one prescribed for Kali-yuga.
- Sliding into impersonalism — treating 'various complexions, names and forms' as proof that the Personality behind them is unreal.
Discussion Prompts
- If Keśava is the same Person across yugas, why does the prescribed process change at all — and what does that say about the relationship between the worshiper and the worshiped?
- Share a time you preferred a method of worship that 'felt deeper' to you over the one prescribed for this age. What did that preference cost you?
- When a friend from another tradition names God differently, where is the line between honoring Keśava in their worship and collapsing real theological differences?
Role Play
A new student tells you they want to skip chanting the names and instead practice long silent meditation, because they read that meditation was the process in Kṛta-yuga and it suits their temperament better. Using this verse, walk them through why the yuga-specific vidhi matters without shaming their sincerity.
Objections & Responses
- If God appears under many names and forms across the yugas, isn't insisting on Kṛṣṇa's names just sectarianism dressed up as theology?
The verse names Keśava as the one descending in each age — it is not a survey of independent gods but a description of one Person adapting His approach. Honoring the yuga-specific process He Himself prescribed is the opposite of sectarianism; it is taking His instruction seriously rather than substituting our preference. - Modern life is nothing like ancient Kali-yuga descriptions — surely the 'process for this age' needs updating for people with jobs, phones, and short attention spans.
The saṅkīrtana of Kṛṣṇa's names was given precisely because attention is short, time is broken, and capacity is small in this age. The prescription already assumes the conditions you are describing; what needs updating is not the process but our willingness to actually do it inside those conditions.
My note
Source: vedabase.io