Therefore food, place, result of activity, time, knowledge, work, the performer of work, faith, state of consciousness, species of life and destination after death are all based on the three guṇas. Summarizing the topic, the Lord says that among all the things in the guṇas and beyond the guṇas, those things in the guṇas are causes of saṁsāra for the jīva. This is expressed in two and a half verses. Substance (food) was mentioned in verse 28. Place was described in verse 25. Results (happiness) were described in verse 29. Time was described in verse 13-15. Knowledge was described in verse 24. Action was described in verse 23. Performers of action were described in verse 26. Faith was described in verse 27. States of consciousness were described in verse 20. Types of bodies were described in verse 22. Position (niṣṭhā) was described in verse 22. All these states are related to the three guṇas. Trai-guṇyaḥ means “related to the guṇas.”