Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.90.1-7
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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dvārakāyām
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in Dvārakā
Locative of Dvārakā, Kṛṣṇa's island-capital. In Gauḍīya rasa-vicāra Dvārakā is the seat of aiśvarya-līlā — opulent and majestic — distinct from Vraja, which is the seat of mādhurya. The same Bhagavān, two registers.
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śriyaḥ
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of the goddess of fortune
Lakṣmī's genitive. The verse opens by naming Kṛṣṇa śriyaḥ patiḥ — Lakṣmī-pati — even before naming Dvārakā. Gauḍīyas note the queens at 90.24 will turn this against Him: 'come without the goddess of fortune' — vipralambha trumps aiśvarya.
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patiḥ
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the master
Nominative of pati — husband, lord. The chapter's running double sense: Kṛṣṇa as cosmic Lord (sva-puryām nivasan) and as the queens' personal husband. Both senses will collide in the songs of separation.
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reme
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He enjoyed
Aorist of √ram. The same verb used of Kṛṣṇa's rāsa-līlā with the gopīs (SB 10.33). The poet deliberately echoes Vraja-vocabulary inside Dvārakā — preparing the reader for verses 15-24 where the queens speak in gopī-mood.
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vallabhaḥ
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beloved
From √vall — to be cherished. Eka-vallabhaḥ: 'the only beloved' of sixteen thousand wives. Each queen experiences Him as wholly hers — the same paradox the gopīs live in the rāsa circle.
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vicitra-rūpaḥ
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having variegated personal forms
vicitra (variegated) + rūpaḥ (forms). Kṛṣṇa expands into sixteen thousand identical-yet-personal forms to be physically present in each palace. Gauḍīyas cite this as a līlā-instance of His ananta-rūpa potency — not māyā, but svarūpa-śakti.
Lord Kṛṣṇa was the sole beloved of His sixteen thousand wives. Expanding Himself into that many forms, He enjoyed with each of His queens in her own richly furnished residence. On the grounds of these palaces were clear ponds fragrant with the pollen of blooming utpala, kahlāra, kumuda and ambhoja lotuses and filled with flocks of cooing birds. The almighty Lord would enter those ponds, and also various rivers, and enjoy sporting in the water while His wives embraced Him, leaving the red kuṅkuma from their breasts smeared on His body. . One rule of poetic composition practiced by Vaiṣṇava authors is madhureṇa samāpayet: “A literary work should conclude in a mood of special sweetness.” Śrīla Śukadeva Gosvāmī, the most tasteful narrator of transcendental topics, has accordingly included in this last chapter of the Tenth Canto of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam a description of Lord Kṛṣṇa’s water sports in the attractive setting of Dvārakā, followed by the rapturous prayers of the Lord’s queens.
In the ninetieth chapter the symptoms of the queens’ love while they played water sports, the power of the yadavas and eternal nature of Krsna’s pastimes are described. According to the maxim "all things should end sweetly" Sukadeva describes the water sports of Krsna. But first as an stimulus (uddipana) for that, he describes the attractiveness of the city starting in the first verse. Krsna enjoyed in all those houses, which are described in detail in the first five verses. Having described the enjoyment in the houses, he then describes the enjoyment in the water. Krsna, enjoyed in the water which was fragrant and pure. Having described the pleasure in the ponds, he describes pastimes in the rivers. Embraced by the women (parirabdhah), he enjoyed in the water.
Concentrating his mind, Śukadeva remembers a special pastime filled with the highest happiness. This continues till the end of verse 24. First six verses describe his city, the city of Svayam Bhagavān. Thus the city was by its very nature most suitable for living joyfully and performing pastimes. He lived there continually (ni—vasan) since it was greater than Vaikuṇṭha. There he lived with his extraordinary consort Rukmiṇī (śriyaḥ patiḥ—master of Lakṣmī). More and more their details are then described. They had ever fresh beauty and youth that become increasing remarkable. Having described their beauty, their attractive gestures are described. They played with balls, and also sang and danced (ādibhiḥ). As they moved about while playing they appeared to be lightning decorating the sky. Having described the inhabitants of the palaces, Śukadeva then describes what was outside the palaces. There was always an army with four parts. In the crowded streets there were intoxicated elephants, soldiers, horses and chariots, all with decorations. The chariots shone remarkably with gold. The gardens are then described. The gardens resounded with the humming of bees and chirping of birds. Kṛṣṇa played intensely (reme). How? He played with sixteen thousand wives, while being a single husband. That is, simultaneously he pleased each individual wife. That was not impossible for him, since the one form manifested as many, as Nārada explained on visiting Dvārakā. Though the city was most attractive, the houses were even more attractive (mahārddhiṣu). In relation to water pastimes, Hari-vaṁśa gives the following description: aham iṣṭā mayā sārdhaṁ jale vasati keśavaḥ / iti tā menire sarvā nārāyaṇaparāḥ striyaḥ // sarvāḥ surata-cihnāṅgyaḥ sarvāḥ surata-tarpitāḥ / mānam ūhuś ca tāḥ sarvā govinde bahumānajam // aham iṣṭāham iṣṭeti snigdhe parijane tadā / nārāyaṇa-striyaḥ sarvā mudā śaślāghire śubhāḥ // ekārpitamano-dṛṣṭyo nerṣyā tāś cakrire 'ṅganāḥ // nārāyaṇena devena tarpyamāṇa-manorathāḥ // śirāṁsi garvitāny ūhuḥ sarvā niravaśeṣataḥ / vāllabhyaṁke śiva-mayaṁ vahantyaś cāru-darśanāḥ // All the devoted wives of Kṛṣṇa thought, “He desires me. He is with me in the water.” They were all marked with signs of lovemaking and satisfied with love. They were all proud that they were honored by Kṛṣṇa. “Kṛṣṇa desires me.” All the glories wives praised their good fortune with joy while their attendants rejoiced. The women glanced at him with devotion, never with hatred. All their desires were satisfied by Kṛṣṇa. They always carried their heads with pride. The beautiful women carried their auspicious husband in their attractive laps. Kahlāra are fragrant. Upala are white lotuses and kumuda are red. The Lord would enter those ponds, and also various rivers, and enjoy sporting in the water while his wives embraced him, leaving the red kuṅkuma from their breasts smeared on his body. He played in the spotless, fragrant water (previous verse). Mention of lakes indicates other water bodies also. Hari-vaṁśa says they also played in the ocean. The word mahodayaḥ (master) indicates that he was endowed all materials necessary for playing in the water. kāścit kāṣṭha-mayais teruḥ plavaiḥ sarvāṅga-śobhanāḥ / krauṣca-barhiṇa-nāgānām ākāra-sadṛśaiḥ striyaḥ // makarākṛtibhiś cānyā mīnābhair api cāparāḥ / bahu-rūpākṛti-dharaiḥ pupluvuś cāparāḥ striyaḥ // naubhir gṛha-prakārābhiś cikrīḍur aparājitāḥ / snātānulipta-muditāḥ sāyāhne 'ndhaka-vṛṣṇayaḥ // āyatāś caturasrāś ca vṛttāś ca svastikās tathā / prāsādā nauṣu kauravya vihitā viśvakarmaṇā // Bhakṣya-bhojyāni peyāni coṣyaṁ lehyaṁ tathaica ca / bahuprakāraṁ manasā dhyāte teṣāṁ bhavaty uta // nārāyaṇājṣayā vṛkṣāḥ puṣpāṇi mumucur bhṛśam / ṛtavaś cānurūpāṇi vihāyasi gatās tadā // vavau manoharo vāto rati-kheda-haraḥ sukhaḥ / rajobhiḥ sarva-puṣpāṇāṁ yuktaś candana-śaityabhṛt // śītoṣṇam icchatāṁ tatra babhūva vasudhāpate / vāsudevaprasādena bhaumānāṁ krīḍatāṁ tadā // uvāha sarva-gandhāḍhyaṁ svacchaṁ vāri mahodadhiḥ / toyaṁ cālavaṇaṁ vīra vāsudevasya śāsanāt // gulpha-daghnaṁ jānu-daghnam ūru-daghnam athāpi vā / nāryas tāḥ stana-daghnaṁ vā jalaṁ samabhikāṅkṣitam // Some beautiful women crossed the water in wood boats. Some dressed up as ospreys, peacocks, and elephants. Others resembled makaras or fish. Other women bathed in the water with many forms. The unsurpassable women played in the water using house boats. Joyful with playing in the water the Andhakas and Vṛṣṇis stayed there till evening. Viśvakarmā made square and round palaces in the boats. Just by meditating, foods to be chewed, licked, drunk and sucked appeared in many varieties. By the order of the Lord, flowers blossomed in profusion. The seasons appeared at suitable times. Pleasant breezes, cool as sandalwood, which gave relief from fatigue of love making, carrying flower pollen, blew in the sky. It became hot or cold by the desire of those playing, by the mercy of Kṛṣṇa. The ocean was filled with clear, fragrant water. It became saltless by the order of Kṛṣṇa. The women went into the desirable water up to their calves, to their knees, to their thighs, and to their breasts.
The supreme goal, the happiness of his pastimes is described now, at the end of the work, in twelve verses. He lived happily in his city (sva-puryām), at all times (ni-vasan). That place was suitable of living happily. It was greater than Vaikuṇṭha for living happily. It was even the happy residence of Mahālakṣmī for he was the husband of Lakṣmī (śriyaḥ patiḥ). It was endowed with increasing wealth of all types. Or this explains the reason for living happily there. Or he was the protector of Rukmiṇī (śriyaḥ patiḥ), by special, suitable pastimes, manifesting more unlimited qualities and forms than previously according to the Lord’s will. The city continually increased all wealth in newer ways, greater than in Vaikuṇṭha. The city was served by women, who were more attracdtive than the women of Vaikuṇṭha, having excellent ornaments and new youthful beauty, or beauty and youth which were more extraordinary than previously (nava). Next their skill is described. They played ball on the roofs. They also sang and danced. They were golden in complexion. Or kāntibhiḥ describes their complexion and their playing was fickle like lightning. Having described the inhabitants of the palaces, Śukadeva then describes what was outside the palaces. There was always an army with four parts. In the crowded streets there were intoxicated elephants, soldiers, horses and chariots, all with decorations. The chariots shone remarkably with gold. The gardens are then described. Udyāna means gardend with prominence of flowers. Upavana means groves with prominence of fruits. The city was endowed with these gardens. The place was filled in all directions with the sounds of birds and bees which entered into or lived in the groups of flowering trees. Kṛṣṇa played intensely (reme). How? He played with sixteen thousand wives, while being a single husband. That is, simultaneously he pleased each individual wife. That was not impossible for him since he has special powers. In relation to water pastimes, Hari-vaṁśa gives the following description: aham iṣṭā mayā sārdhaṁ jale vasati keśavaḥ / iti tā menire sarvā nārāyaṇaparāḥ striyaḥ // sarvāḥ surata-cihnāṅgyaḥ sarvāḥ surata-tarpitāḥ / mānam ūhuś ca tāḥ sarvā govinde bahumānajam // aham iṣṭāham iṣṭeti snigdhe parijane tadā / nārāyaṇa-striyaḥ sarvā mudā śaślāghire śubhāḥ // ekārpitamano-dṛṣṭyo nerṣyā tāś cakrire 'ṅganāḥ // nārāyaṇena devena tarpyamāṇa-manorathāḥ // śirāṁsi garvitāny ūhuḥ sarvā niravaśeṣataḥ / vāllabhyaṁke śiva-mayaṁ vahantyaś cāru-darśanāḥ // All the devoted wives of Kṛṣṇa thought, “He desires me. He is with me in the water.” They were all marked with signs of lovemaking and satisfied with love. They were all proud that they were honored by Kṛṣṇa. “Kṛṣṇa desires me.” All the glorious wives praised their good fortune with joy while their attendants rejoiced. The women glanced at him with devotion, never with hatred. All their desires were satisfied by Kṛṣṇa. They always carried their heads with pride. The beautiful women carried auspiciousness in their attractive bodies. He enjoyed in houses endowed with all perfections (maharddhiṣu). Though it was already mentioned that the city had ever increasing wealth, unlimited wealth is mentioned here in relation to the houses particularly. In the ponds within the palaces was pure water endowed with fragrance from pollen of fully blossoming lotuses: fragrant ones, white ones and red ones. In the houses flocks of doves chirped. Or the verse can be connected with the next verse where it is described that Kṛṣṇa played in the water.
Dvārakā is not the world's idea of a city — it is Bhagavān's own household made visible. Flowering trees, bee-songs, lotus-perfumed pools, and sixteen thousand wives each in her own palace: Kṛṣṇa's aiśvarya is not aloof from intimate love; both at once is the Gauḍīya signature.
Earlier in this very canto (SB 10.69), Nārada Muni, curious how Kṛṣṇa could live with so many queens, visited palace after palace and in each one found Kṛṣṇa fully present — bathing, eating, joking, performing sacrifice, studying with His sons.
The sage was stunned and offered prayers. Gauḍīyas read this as a concrete demonstration of vibhinnāṁśa-vaibhava: the one Bhagavān expanding into innumerable forms without losing His original self — the very point Brahma-saṁhitā 5.32 makes (aṅgāni yasya sakalendriya-vṛtti-manti).
My note
Source: vedabase.io