FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.85.25

ఖం వాయుర్జ్యోతిరాపో భూస్తత్కృతేషు యథాశయమ్ । ఆవిస్తిరోఽల్పభూర్యేకో నానాత్వం యాత్యసావపి ॥ ౨౫ ॥
khaṁ vāyur jyotir āpo bhūs
[kham vaayur jyotir aapo bhoos]
tat-kṛteṣu yathāśayam
[tat-kriteshu yathaashayam]
āvis-tiro-’lpa-bhūry eko
[aavis-tiro-’lpa-bhoory eko]
nānātvaṁ yāty asāv api
[naanaatvam yaaty asaav api]
kham — ether vāyuḥ — air jyotiḥ — fire āpaḥ — water bhūḥ — earth tat — their kṛteṣu — in the products yathā - āśayam — according to the particular locations āviḥ — manifest tiraḥ — unmanifest alpa — small bhūri — large ekaḥ — one nānātvam — the status of being many yāti — assumes asau — it api — also .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
khaṁ vāyur jyotir āpo bhūs
kham
ether
vāyuḥ
air
jyotiḥ
fire
āpaḥ
water
bhūḥ
earth
tat-kṛteṣu yathāśayam
tat
their
kṛteṣu
in the products
yathā - āśayam
according to the particular locations
āvis-tiro-’lpa-bhūry eko
āviḥ
manifest
tiraḥ
unmanifest
alpa
small
bhūri
large
ekaḥ
one
nānātvaṁ yāty asāv api
nānātvam
the status of being many
yāti
assumes
asau
it
api
also .
  • yathā-āśayam — according to the receptacle
    Compound: yathā (as) + āśaya (vessel, container). The elements appear differently according to the container they fill. The doctrinal heart of the verse: the variation is in the vessel, not in what fills it.
  • alpa-bhūri — small and large
    Dvandva compound: alpa (small) + bhūri (much). The element-quantity ranges from a drop to an ocean; the substance is the same. Vasudeva must extrapolate from elements to Paramātmā.
  • āviḥ tiraḥ — manifest and unmanifest
    Pair: āvis (visible) + tiras (hidden). The same element flickers between visible and invisible without changing its essence. Kṛṣṇa's līlās do the same — visible in Vraja, hidden in Goloka.
  • nānātvam yāti — comes to have multiplicity
    Noun + verb: nānātva (manyness) + √yā (to go). The One 'goes into' manyness — the verb of apparent (not real) multiplication. The Sanskrit grammar preserves the ontological subtlety the verse depends on.
The elements of ether, air, fire, water and earth become visible, invisible, minute or extensive as they manifest in various objects. Similarly, the Paramātmā, though one, appears to become many.

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī explains this and the previous verse as follows: The one Paramātmā appears to be many by the influence of the modes of nature that He Himself creates. How is that? Because although in truth the Paramātmā is self-illuminating, eternal, aloof from everything, and free of the modes of nature, when He appears as His manifestations He seems to be just the opposite — a multiplicity of temporary objects saturated with the modes of nature. Just as the elements of ether and so on, when manifesting in pots and other things, seem to appear and disappear, so the Paramātmā seems to appear and disappear in His various manifestations.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The elements of ether, air, fire, water and earth become visible, invisible, minute or extensive as they manifest in various objects. Similarly, the Paramātmā, though one, appears to become many.
Commentary

"How is it possible to consider everyone as paramatma when they have changing forms?" "Paramatma is observed in all beings by the qualities of the byproducts created by paramatma." This is explained using examples in two verses. "The paramatma is manifested as many things by the qualities created by himself, in the bodies of the living entities (tat krtesu). Though he is self contained, he becomes visible, though he is eternal, he becomes temporary, though he is transcendent to matter, he joins with it, though he is without material quality, he takes up material qualities. Just as the five elements like ether, when manifesting in their products like a pot, have a beginning and end in that limited condition (yatha asayam), so the one paramatma (asau), though always one rasa, undergoes creation and destruction. Though spread everywhere he appears in small or large quantities; though one he appears as many objects."

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

An example is given to show how the Lord manifests as many. The word api indicates similarity of action. As the elements like ether become big or small according to the particular appearance of the object (yathāśayam) such as a pot, so the Paramātmā (asau) becomes various according to the nature of the products of his creation. What to speak of the powers of Dvārakā manifested through his cit-śakti. One must see with this vision because you and I are that Paramātmā. I have shown equality of vision. Thus, by your excellent mercy, the people of this world will not suffer. You have spoken out of suffering for their condition. This is the real meaning of your words.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

An example is given to show how the Lord manifests as many. The singular yāti is used to indicate all the elements together. Another version has the plural yānti. But that does not agree with the singular asau. Yathāśayam indicates earth becomes a pot etc. Or do we accept the correctness of your words (verse 22)? No, not at all. Having affection for sons is not from the view of truth, for on knowing the truth one stops affection. But actually, affection for the Lord as a son is greater than seeing him as the Lord. Thus you should have affection for all jīvas, belonging to me, as you have affection for me. (verse 23) I, persons like you (yuyam), my brother and all other relatives, should be seen as objects of affection. “These persons are your devotees. How are all other low and high living entities your devotees?” Since all jīvas are my aṁśas, they are actually mine. Why are they of many varieties? The Lord is seen to be composed of sattva, rajas and tamas, because of the guṇas created by the Lord (ātma-sṛṣṭaiḥ guṇaiḥ). Moreover ether and other elements appear and disappear according to the object. (verse 25)

Related values
Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Discriminative WisdomShanti (Peace / Tranquility)Abhaya (Fearlessness)Seva (Service / Selfless Action)Saurya (Heroism / Bravery)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Ishvara Pranidhana (Surrender to God)
Related verses
Concepts
Tamas

The same air fills a flute, a conch, a balloon, and the lungs of a singer — appearing as music here, as a shout there, as a stretched skin elsewhere, yet remaining one. Paramātmā is air-like in this: one substance, infinite appearances, shaped by what receives Him.

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