Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.8.15
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
-
bahūni
—
various, many
Adjective qualifying nāmāni. The plural is irreducible: no single name exhausts Bhagavān. Gauḍīyas thus chant a mahā-mantra of three names (Hare, Kṛṣṇa, Rāma) precisely because no one name alone is enough.
-
nāmāni
—
names
Plural neuter. For Vaiṣṇavas, nāma is non-different from nāmī (the named); abhinnatvān nāma-nāminoḥ (Padma Purāṇa). Hence many names = many fully-real refuges, not many labels.
-
rūpāṇi
—
forms
Plural of rūpa. Bhagavān's many forms (Nārāyaṇa, Rāma, Nṛsiṁha, etc.) are all real, eternal, and full — not phases of one impersonal Brahman. Gauḍīyas: among all rūpas, Kṛṣṇa's two-armed Vraja form is svayaṁ-rūpa, the original.
-
guṇa - karma - anu - rūpāṇi
—
according to His qualities and activities
Guṇa (quality) + karma (act) + anurūpa (in correspondence with). The names are not arbitrary labels; each crystallizes a guṇa-karma-pair. The verse is the doctrinal basis of nāma-saṅkīrtana: chanting a name invokes the corresponding guṇa-līlā.
-
sutasya te
—
of your son
Sutasya (of the son) + te (your). Garga's intimacy: even as he names cosmic mysteries, he keeps the address 'your son' — protecting Nanda's vātsalya from being eclipsed by aiśvarya. A Gauḍīya pedagogical move.
Bahūni: the Lord has many names. Advaitam acyutam anādim ananta-rūpam ādyaṁ purāṇa-puruṣaṁ nava-yauvanaṁ ca. As stated in the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.33) , the Lord is one, but He has many forms and many names. It was not that because Garga Muni gave the child the name Kṛṣṇa, that was His only name. He has other names, such as Bhaktavatsala, Giridhārī, Govinda and Gopāla. If we analyze the nirukti, or semantic derivation, of the word “Kṛṣṇa,” we find that na signifies that He stops the repetition of birth and death, and kṛṣ means sattārtha, or “existence.” (Kṛṣṇa is the whole of existence.) Also, kṛṣ means “attraction,” and na means ānanda, or “bliss.” Kṛṣṇa is known as Mukunda because He wants to give everyone spiritual, eternal, blissful life. Unfortunately, because of the living entity’s little independence, the living entity wants to “deprogram” the program of Kṛṣṇa. This is the material disease. Nonetheless, because Kṛṣṇa wants to give transcendental bliss to the living entities, He appears in various forms. Therefore He is called Kṛṣṇa. Because Garga Muni was an astrologer, he knew what others did not know. Yet Kṛṣṇa has so many names that even Garga Muni did not know them all. It is to be concluded that Kṛṣṇa, according to His transcendental activities, has many names and many forms.
"These names Krsna and Vasudeva stated by me are not the only names. The white and other forms recited by me are not the only forms." He has names such as bhakta vatsala, sarvajna or govardhana dhara, according to the qualities and activities he manifests. In the name Krsna, krsi means existence (satta) and na means bliss (anandatmika).Or according to Kesavacarya and others, he is called Krsna because his body composed of mantras attracts the devotees (krs) and its color is black (krsna) . He is called Govinda because he herds the cows. "If I, an astrologer do not know this, what then can be said of the common man?" From Gargamuni’s words Nanda could understand that his son was a mahapurusa, who had undergone many births with many names. This was known to Gargamuni because he was omniscient.
Previously examples were given of his various forms. Just as he had a white or red form, so he had many names in previous births. I know this but other men do not. Since this knowledge is impossible for ordinary people, the forms are many but not revealed to all. There is a secret meaning. There are forms suitable to certain qualities, like Nārāyaṇa and Nrṣiṁha. There are forms suitable for certain activities, like Matsya. There are names suitable to qualities like bhakta-vatsala and names suitable to actions like creating the universe or protecting the universe. The names, like the forms of saccidānanda, are eternal. Thus the names with their qualities and forms are eternal since the Lord is eternally endowed with qualities. Worship of activities like lifting Govardhana or defeating Kāliya are well known in the eternal Vedas. The worshippers worship these actions without break and the Lord likes to fulfill the desires of the devotees by performing those pastimes. Therefore actions of the Lord are eternal and the names describing them are also eternal. This is explained in Bhāgavatāmṛta. Just as the forms describing qualities and activities are unlimited, so the names are also unlimited. The names may appear material but they are spiritual, completely saccidānanda. They are realized in the heart of the worshipper. I do not know these names and other people also do not know these names. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says anākhyeyābhidhānaṁ tvām anākhyeya-prayojanam: I offer respects to you with unnamable goals, who cannot be named. tad aśma-sāraṁ hṛdayaṁ batedaṁ yad gṛhyamāṇair hari-nāma-dheyaiḥ | na vikriyetātha yadā vikāro netre jalaṁ gātra-ruheṣu harṣaḥ || That heart which does not transform on hearing the names of the Lord, even though he shows tears in the eyes and hair standing on end, is made of iron. SB 2.3.24
Previously examples were given of his various forms. Just as he had a white or red form, so he had many names in previous births. Names and forms according to guṇa indicates the avatāras of sattva, rajas and tamas, with appropriate colors or the four presiding deities of citta, ahaṅkāra, intellect and mind. Or forms displaying qualities like affection for devotees are meant. Forms according to activities are Matsya and others, with activities of wandering around in the waters of pralaya etc.
- PrahladAnS SB 10-08-15 - How to understand prosess of devotional service - 2023-10-19 ISKCON Slovenia
- PrahladAnS SB 10-08-15 Slovenian Translation - Kako razumeti proces vdanega slu%C5%BEenja - 2023-10-19 ISKCON Slovenia
- SBKS SB 10 - Restless impressionable inattentive killing the anartha of childishness - 2011-08-15
- Chant at least one round of the Hare Kṛṣṇa mahā-mantra today, attentive to the sound, not rushing through it.
- Pick one less-familiar name of Kṛṣṇa (Govinda, Gopāla, Bhaktavatsala, Giridhārī) and meditate on the quality it reveals.
- Refuse to flatten Kṛṣṇa into an abstract 'higher power' in your speech today — name Him personally when you pray or speak of Him.
A pearl-string of countless beads — each bead is a name, each name a quality, each quality a gateway into the same Person. The string is endless; the wearer is one. Garga knows the count; the village does not.
On a bed of arrows, the dying Bhīṣma — at Yudhiṣṭhira's request and Kṛṣṇa's silent consent — recited the thousand names of Viṣṇu (Mahābhārata, Anuśāsana Parva). Each name unfolded a quality, an activity, a refuge. The Lord Himself, standing nearby, was the meaning of every name spoken.
Garga's verse anticipates that thousand-named litany: bahūni nāmāni rūpāṇi ca — many names and forms, each fitted to a quality and an act. Bhīṣma's sahasra-nāma is the full unfolding of Garga's seed.
My note
Source: vedabase.io