• prabodhitaḥ — persuaded / awakened
  Past participle of pra-√budh. The verb of 'awakening,' but used here for political consolation. Vyāsa is wry: real prabodha is the awakening of the soul to Kṛṣṇa, which Jarāsandha cannot give Śiśupāla because he himself does not have it.
• caidyaḥ — Śiśupāla (descendant of Cedi)
  Patronymic referring to the Cedi line. The Bhāgavatam will spend SB 10.74 on his liberation by Kṛṣṇa's cakra — a famous moment of dveṣa-bhakti culminating in mukti.
• mitraiḥ — by his friends
  Plural instrumental of mitra. The asurika 'friend' (Jarāsandha) keeps Śiśupāla in saṁsāra; the Vaiṣṇava 'friend' (Uddhava, Akrūra, Nārada) draws his hearer to Kṛṣṇa. Both are called mitra; only one is suhṛt.
• hata-śeṣāḥ — those who remained from the killed
  Hata (killed) + śeṣa (remainder). The remainder — the not-yet-killed — is everyone alive. The Bhāgavatam constantly reminds us we are all hata-śeṣas of Time, and the only question is whether the remaining time is offered to Kṛṣṇa.
• puram — to his city
  Each man retreats to his own pura, his own walled identity. The opposite movement, which the next chapters will show, is to leave one's pura and enter Kṛṣṇa's pura, Dvārakā — exchange of cities is exchange of selves.

• Padaseva Pr SB 10-54-17 Oriya
  His Grace Padaseva Prabhu· Oriya

Like cattle wandering home after a storm has scattered them — each returning to its own pen, none any wiser — Śiśupāla and the kings retreat to their cities. They have been 'consoled' by philosophy without surrender; nothing in them has changed.