• bhagavān — the Lord
  From root √bhaj. Per Viṣṇu Purāṇa 6.5.47, Bhagavān possesses all six opulences in full — wealth, strength, fame, beauty, knowledge, renunciation. The title flags that even this mundane-looking treasure-recovery is a Bhagavān-līlā, not a war chief's raid.
• yavana-veṣṭitām — surrounded by the Yavanas
  Compound: yavana (the barbarian invader, here Kālayavana's remnant army) + veṣṭitām (surrounded). The siege image emphasizes that Mathurā is suffocated; Kṛṣṇa's return is decompressive, restoring breath to the city.
• mleccha-balam — the army of barbarians
  Compound. Mleccha denotes those outside Vedic dharma. The Bhāgavatam uses the term descriptively, not racially — the army's defining feature is its lawless conduct, and Kṛṣṇa removes it as a surgeon removes infection.
• dvārakām — to Dvārakā
  Dvārakā literally means 'the city of many gates' — Kṛṣṇa's island-fortress capital. Gauḍīyas hold Dvārakā as the seat of aiśvarya-līlā (majestic pastimes), contrasted with Vraja as the seat of mādhurya. Wealth flowing toward Dvārakā fits the rasa.

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Kṛṣṇa returns to Mathurā the way a homeowner returns to a house ringed by stray dogs — He does not negotiate; He clears the porch, takes what belongs to His people, and brings it home to Dvārakā. The wealth removed is not greed; it is the dharmic recovery of what the Yavanas seized from sages and citizens.