FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.47.58

ఏతా: పరం తనుభృతో భువి గోపవధ్వో గోవిన్ద ఏవ నిఖిలాత్మని రూఢభావా: । వాఞ్ఛన్తి యద్ భవభియో మునయో వయం చ కిం బ్రహ్మజన్మభిరనన్తకథారసస్య ॥ ౫౮ ॥
etāḥ paraṁ tanu-bhṛto bhuvi gopa-vadhvo
[etaah param tanu-bhrito bhuvi gopa-vadhvo]
govinda eva nikhilātmani rūḍha-bhāvāḥ
[govinda eva nikhilaatmani roodha-bhaavaah]
vāñchanti yad bhava-bhiyo munayo vayaṁ ca
[vaanchanti yad bhava-bhiyo munayo vayam cha]
kiṁ brahma-janmabhir ananta-kathā-rasasya
[kim brahma-janmabhir ananta-kathaa-rasasya]
etāḥ — these women param — alone tanu — their bodies bhṛtaḥ — maintain successfully bhuvi — on the earth gopa - vadhvaḥ — the young cowherd women govinde — for Lord Kṛṣṇa eva — exclusively nikhila — of all ātmani — the Soul rūḍha — perfected bhāvāḥ — ecstatic loving attraction vāñchanti — they desire yat — which bhava — material existence bhiyaḥ — those who are afraid of munayaḥ — sages vayam — we ca — also kim — what use brahma — as a brāhmaṇa or as Lord Brahmā janmabhiḥ — with births ananta — of the unlimited Lord kathā — for the topics rasasya — for one who has a taste .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
etāḥ paraṁ tanu-bhṛto bhuvi gopa-vadhvo
etāḥ
these women
param
alone
tanu
their bodies
bhṛtaḥ
maintain successfully
bhuvi
on the earth
gopa - vadhvaḥ
the young cowherd women
govinda eva nikhilātmani rūḍha-bhāvāḥ
govinde
for Lord Kṛṣṇa
eva
exclusively
nikhila
of all
ātmani
the Soul
rūḍha
perfected
bhāvāḥ
ecstatic loving attraction
vāñchanti yad bhava-bhiyo munayo vayaṁ ca
vāñchanti
they desire
yat
which
bhava
material existence
bhiyaḥ
those who are afraid of
munayaḥ
sages
vayam
we
ca
also
kiṁ brahma-janmabhir ananta-kathā-rasasya
kim
what use
brahma
as a brāhmaṇa or as Lord Brahmā
janmabhiḥ
with births
ananta
of the unlimited Lord
kathā
for the topics
rasasya
for one who has a taste .
  • gopa-vadhvaḥ — the young cowherd women
    Compound: gopa (cowherd) + vadhvaḥ (women, brides). Vadhū is the wife/bride term — Uddhava names them as Kṛṣṇa's brides, the parakīya-bhāva accepted as fact. Gauḍīyas read this as scriptural warrant for parakīya-tattva.
  • rūḍha-bhāvāḥ — perfected ecstatic loving attraction
    Compound: rūḍha (mounted, perfected) + bhāvāḥ (ecstatic states). Rūḍha-bhāva is Rūpa Gosvāmī's technical term for the seventh rung of prema's ladder — the state above sneha, māna, praṇaya. Uddhava names the gopīs' bhāva by its exact category.
  • bhava-bhiyaḥ munayaḥ — sages afraid of material existence
    Compound + plural: bhava (existence) + bhiyaḥ (those who fear) + munayaḥ (sages). The mokṣa-seekers. Uddhava places them below the gopīs — sages fear bhava, the gopīs have transcended it without trying.
  • ananta-kathā-rasasya — for one who has tasted the topics of the unlimited Lord
    Compound: ananta (unlimited) + kathā (topics) + rasasya (of the taste). The genitive of the rasika — the one who has tasted kathā-rasa. Gauḍīyas note: this verse founds the doctrine that even brahma-janman is contemptible compared to kathā-rasa.
  • kim brahma-janmabhiḥ — what use are births as Brahmā
    Phrase: kim (what) + brahma (as Brahmā or as brāhmaṇa) + janmabhiḥ (with births). Even the highest birth is nothing compared to kathā-rasa. Gauḍīyas use this to dismiss varṇa-pride within the bhakta-saṅga.
[Uddhava sang:] Among all persons on earth, these cowherd women alone have actually perfected their embodied lives, for they have achieved the perfection of unalloyed love for Lord Govinda. Their pure love is hankered after by those who fear material existence, by great sages, and by ourselves as well. For one who has tasted the narrations of the infinite Lord, what is the use of taking birth as a high-class brāhmaṇa, or even as Lord Brahmā himself?

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī explains that here the term brahma-janmabhiḥ, “brahminical births,” refers to the threefold birth by (1) seminal parenthood, (2) sacred-thread initiation and (3) sacrificial initiation. These cannot compare to pure Kṛṣṇa consciousness.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
[Uddhava sang:] Among all persons on earth, these cowherd women alone have actually perfected their embodied lives, for they have achieved the perfection of unalloyed love for Lord Govinda. Their pure love is hankered after by those who fear material existence, by great sages, and by ourselves as well. For one who has tasted the narrations of the infinite Lord, what is the use of taking birth as a high-class brāhmaṇa, or even as Lord Brahmā himself?
Commentary

Five verses describe the outstanding glories of the gopis. The gopis alone, having mahabhava (rudha bhavah) which those striving for liberation (bhavabhiah), those who are liberated (munayah), and devotees such as myself (vayam ca) desire but cannot attain, have made a success of their birth (tanu bhrtah). For one who has attraction for things related to the lord (katha rasasya) , what is the use of the three births -physical, by upanayana, and by yajna-as a brahmana, or to be born as Brahma (brahma janmabhih), because attraction for topics of the Lord, and nothing else produces the highest qualities. Or, for one who does not have attraction for things related to Krsna, what is the use of his birth as a learned brahmana, for in the absence of attraction for the Lord and things related to the Lord, everything becomes fruitless.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Desiring to understand the meaning of his words, I surrender to excellent Uddhava, best of the devotees, who understood the greatness of the gopīs. “As a kṣatriya you should offer respects to the bodies of brāhmaṇas.” Fearing such bad ideas, Uddhava establishes in three verses that the gopīs have the most excellent bodies. First he establishes this by the fact that they manifest the greatest prema for the Lord in two verses. Only these gopīs(etāḥ), devotees of the Lord residing in Vraja at this time have the most excellent bodies on earth, which is ornamented with sādhana-siddhas and nitya-siddhas having bhakti endowed with various bhāvas for Kṛṣṇa who has descended as an avatāra. They should not be disrespected for being women. Why? They have, arising from rūḍha-bhava mahābhāva, directed towards the aṁśī of all forms (akhilātmani), who is thus suitable for these unconditional lovers, the highest among all beings by their very nature. They have mahābhāva for Govinda, attractive to all as the lord of Gokula, famous for unlimited form and qualities. He is indescribable, known only by direct perception. Therefore their bodies, bright with these bhāvas, are most excellent. The proofs will be shown later. For this purpose the greatness of their bhāvas is explained. What to speak of their bhāvas, just news about them is desired by those desiring liberation and those already liberated. We also, devotees who are eternally associated with him, desire this by seeing their greatness. What to speak of others even we do not attain it (though we desire it) since we do not attain experience of the special sweetness, the basis of those bhāvas. For one who has tasted the narrations of the infinite Lord, what is the use of taking birth as a high-class brāhmaṇa? Or, without that special bhāva, such bodies cannot be attained even by being born as brāhmaṇas. What is the use of a brāhmaṇa birth for a person who has no taste (arasasya) for topics about Kṛṣṇa, filled unlimitedly with the greatest sweetness (ananta)? Śrīdhara Svāmī also gives this as an alternative meaning. In the first meaning brahma-janmabhiḥ can also mean “What is the use of being born as Brahmā?”

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Desiring to understand the meaning of his words, I surrender to excellent Uddhava, best of the devotees, who understood the greatness of the gopīs. These cowherd women living in Nanda’s Vraja have attained perfection of birth (tanu-bhṛtaḥ) by their wealth of sādhana on earth (bhuvi). They have developed special prema (ruḍha-bhāvāḥ) for Govinda, the supreme Lord, the antaryāmī of all beings. That prema ignores everything else, and is filled with indescribable gestures, transformations, pain, and greed, with special bhāvas that astonish the world. Sages and we also desies this but do not attain it. The gopīs are more glorious that persons desiring liberation, liberated persons and devotees. This type of birth is the best. There is no perfection in being born as the creator of the universe, which is considered topmost. Plural is used (janmabhiḥ) to indicate respect for Brahmā or to indicate many births of Brahmās. One gets greater results from hearing about Kṛṣṇa than from being born as Brahmā. Nikhlātmani can also mean the gopīs have rūḍha-bhāva or he who is dearest (ātmani) to all beings. No one else has such bhāva for him. Or what is the use of Brahmā’s birth, his form, his mentality etc. (ādibhiḥ). Plural is used for respect or to indicate the total. Or what is the use of Brahmā’s birth without such bhāva, if Brahmā does not have rasa (arasasya) for his topics? The gopīs with their bhāva which can be achieved by these topics are the best.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Concepts
Avatara

Uddhava's song begins: 'These cowherd women alone have perfected embodied life on earth. Their love is what sages and we ourselves crave. What use is birth as a brāhmaṇa, or as Brahmā himself, to one who has tasted ananta-kathā-rasa?' He has stopped teaching and started worshiping.

Brahmā's prayers in SB 10.14

Earlier in Canto 10, after stealing the cowherd boys and calves, Brahmā beheld Kṛṣṇa's true position and prayed to be born as a blade of grass in Vraja so the foot-dust of the gopas might touch him. Bhāgavatam 10.14.34: 'aho bhāgyam aho bhāgyam.'

Uddhava is here repeating Brahmā's discovery in his own voice. The mādhurya-realization is recursive: each high devotee, on seeing Vraja, falls into the same prayer.

📝 My note

← Read full Chapter 47