Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.43.26-27
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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dāva-agneḥ
—
from the forest fire
SB 10.19 — the Muñjāraṇya forest fire that surrounded the boys; Kṛṣṇa swallowed it. Bhāgavata-tattva: there is no fire of saṁsāra that does not enter Bhagavān's mouth when devotees take shelter. A contiguous-token join of synonyms 'dāva' and 'agneḥ'.
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kāliyaḥ
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Kāliya
The Yamunā-serpent. His hoods, marked forever with Kṛṣṇa's footprint, are themselves the icon of dāmana-līlā — Bhagavān defeating without destroying.
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vimadaḥ
—
prideless
Indra was made vimada — pride-purged. Gauḍīya reading: Bhagavān's first task with His own devotees-by-position (devas) is the same as with demons — strip the mada. Only difference: with devotees He restores them after, with demons He does not.
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adri-pravaraḥ
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the most eminent of mountains
Govardhana is named pravara — chief — among mountains. Gauḍīya theology: Govardhana is non-different from Kṛṣṇa Himself (Sanātana Gosvāmī's Govardhana-tattva). To lift Govardhana is, in a sense, for Bhagavān to display Himself. A contiguous-token join of synonyms 'adri' and 'pravaraḥ'.
Sarpa means a creature that moves here and there (sarpati). He was able to control the snake by dancing on its heads. That snake was famous as Kāliya, having great poison. The method of destroying Indra’s pride is described: he held up the mountain for seven days with one hand. The first ca indicates that he protected them from rain, wind, hail etc. The second ca indicates that he protected Gokula and performed other related acts such as being enthroned as king of the cows.
Govardhana lifted on one finger for seven days — that is what Mathurā now names openly. Indra's pride collapsed, Vraja's rain stopped at the umbrella-mountain, the cows and herders sheltered without losing one. Bhakti's image of Bhagavān: not the distant cause, but the seven-day umbrella over the people He loves.
When the Vrajavāsīs, on Kṛṣṇa's instruction, offered worship to Govardhana hill instead of Indra (SB 10.24), the enraged Indra unleashed sāṁvartaka clouds to drown Vraja. Kṛṣṇa lifted Govardhana hill on the little finger of His left hand and held it as an umbrella for seven days and nights, while every cowherd, cow, calf, and gopī sheltered beneath.
Indra came down humbled, performed Govinda-abhiṣeka, and gave Kṛṣṇa the name Govinda (SB 10.27). The Gauḍīya read this as the locus classicus of Bhagavān's protectorship — He becomes the umbrella of those who take shelter in Him, no matter what storm the demigods send.
In SB 10.16, Kṛṣṇa leapt into the Yamunā's serpent-poisoned pool to subdue Kāliya, danced on his hundred-and-one hoods until the wives of the serpent came forward in śaraṇāgati, then spared his life and exiled him from the river. The poisoned Yamunā became sweet again.
The Gauḍīya reading: Kṛṣṇa never destroys what surrenders. Kāliya kept his life and his hoods bore Bhagavān's footprint forever as the badge of his liberation. The Vṛndāvana dust marked even on the serpent's head — that is bhakti's reach.
My note
Source: vedabase.io