FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.40.12

తుభ్యం నమస్తే త్వవిషక్తద‍ృష్టయే సర్వాత్మనే సర్వధియాం చ సాక్షిణే । గుణప్రవాహోఽయమవిద్యయా కృత: ప్రవర్తతే దేవనృతిర్యగాత్మసు ॥ ౧౨ ॥
tubhyaṁ namas te tv aviṣakta-dṛṣṭaye
[tubhyam namas te tv avishakta-drishtaye]
sarvātmane sarva-dhiyāṁ ca sākṣiṇe
[sarvaatmane sarva-dhiyaam cha saakshine]
guṇa-pravāho ’yam avidyayā kṛtaḥ
[guna-pravaaho ’yam avidyayaa kritah]
pravartate deva-nṛ-tiryag-ātmasu
[pravartate deva-nri-tiryag-aatmasu]
tubhyam — to You namaḥ — obeisances te — Your tu — and aviṣakta — aloof dṛṣṭaye — whose vision sarva - ātmane — to the Soul of all sarva — of everyone dhiyām — of the consciousness ca — and sākṣiṇe — to the witness guṇa — of the material modes pravāhaḥ — the flow ayam — this avidyayā — by the force of ignorance kṛtaḥ — created pravartate — goes on deva — as demigods nṛ — humans tiryak — and animals ātmasu — among those who assume the identities .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tubhyaṁ namas te tv aviṣakta-dṛṣṭaye
tubhyam
to You
namaḥ
obeisances
te
Your
tu
and
aviṣakta
aloof
dṛṣṭaye
whose vision
sarvātmane sarva-dhiyāṁ ca sākṣiṇe
sarva - ātmane
to the Soul of all
sarva
of everyone
dhiyām
of the consciousness
ca
and
sākṣiṇe
to the witness
guṇa-pravāho ’yam avidyayā kṛtaḥ
guṇa
of the material modes
pravāhaḥ
the flow
ayam
this
pravartate deva-nṛ-tiryag-ātmasu
avidyayā
by the force of ignorance
kṛtaḥ
created
pravartate
goes on
deva
as demigods
nṛ
humans
tiryak
and animals
ātmasu
among those who assume the identities .
  • aviṣakta-dṛṣṭaye — to You whose vision is unattached
    Compound: a (not) + viṣakta (clinging) + dṛṣṭi (vision). The Lord sees without being implicated in what He sees. Witness-consciousness in Gauḍīya usage names the Paramātmā-feature — Kṛṣṇa in the heart of every being.
  • sarva-ātmane — to the Soul of all
    Compound: sarva (all) + ātman (self). One of Bhagavān's antaryāmī names. Jīva Gosvāmī (Paramātma-sandarbha) anchors paramātmā-darśana on phrases like this — the Lord as the ātmā of every ātmā.
  • sākṣiṇe — to the witness
    From sa + akṣi — present at the eye. The watcher of every consciousness, including the doubting and deluded. Gauḍīyas read this with Gītā 13.23 — upadraṣṭā anumantā — the Witness who also sanctions.
  • guṇa-pravāhaḥ — the flood of the modes
    Compound: guṇa (modes) + pravāha (current). The guṇas are not static; they flow, carrying every conditioned being through identity-shifts. The metaphor sets up verses 23–27 where Akrūra confesses his own sweeping by this current.
  • avidyayā kṛtaḥ — produced by ignorance
    Instrumental + past participle. The current is real but is generated by avidyā — the soul's forgetfulness of Kṛṣṇa. Cure the cause and the current dries up.
I offer My obeisances to You, who as the Supreme Soul of all beings witness everyone’s consciousness with unbiased vision. The current of Your material modes, produced by the force of ignorance, flows strongly among the living beings who assume identities as demigods, humans and animals.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
I offer My obeisances to You, who as the Supreme Soul of all beings witness everyone's consciousness with unbiased vision. The current of Your material modes, produced by the force of ignorance, flows strongly among the living beings who assume identities as demigods, humans and animals.
Commentary

In order to attain you, I offer my respects to you. You do not show your mercy to anyone except your devotees. I pay respects to you, who has detached vision. "If that is so, how you can say that I accept worship of devatas, for one who accepts should be attached to them." "Though you accept their worship of devatas because you are the controller as inner paramatma, you are not at all dependent upon them or that worship. Since they do not worship you directly, how can you be attached to them? You are certainly the witness of all dwelling in their hearts but you reside there in a neutral position." "Well, can the devatas deliver their worshippers then?" "The force of the gunas caused by avidya influences the devas, humans, animals and birds to take up false bodily identity. As these devatas are also subject to the gunas, how can they deliver their worshippers from the gunas. "

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Thinking that the Lord would be indifferent to the devatās and other jīvas, Akrūra becomes frightened and speaks with surrender to the Lord. Te should be linked to avidyayā (by your energy of ignorance) in the third line. The force of the guṇas created by your (te) ignorance acts upon the living beings. Or, I offer respects to you. The force of the guṇas acts upon the living beings in order to please you (te). Kriyārthopapadasya ca karmanī sthāninaḥ: the dative case expresses a suppressed infinitive. (Pāṇini 3.2.14) The word tu indicates a different topic. This shows the great difference of the Lord from the living entities having material bodies. Another version has astu instead of te tu. This means “clearly.” Though you see the living entities, you are unattached to them since you are the ātmā in all beings. Since you are the root form of all beings, and put others into motion, how could you be attached to others? Because you are the ātmā in all beings, you are detached. “Even if you are not interested as the seer, the guṇas that you see will still contact you.” Since you are the witness of all intelligence, because you just the witness, you remain unattached to them. If it is concluded that worship ultimately ends in realizing you, how can you remain indifferent? You are the witness of everyone’s intelligence (sarva-dhiyāṁ ca sākṣiṇe). The worshippers become favorable to you. They become your devotees. Knowing that, you are no longer indifferent. samo 'haṁ sarva-bhūteṣu na me dveṣyo 'sti na priyaḥ | ye bhajanti tu māṁ bhaktyā mayi te teṣu cāpy aham || I am equal to all living beings. I do not hate anyone nor do I favor anyone. To whatever extent a person worships me with devotion, I am attached to him in a similar way. BG 9.29 Considering this, what happens to all these beings before they realize you? The force of the guṇas acts upon them.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Te should be linked to avidyayā (by your energy of ignorance) in the third line. The force of the guṇas created by your (te) ignorance acts upon the living beings. Instead of tubhyam sometimes tasmai is found. The word tu indicates a new subject, the lord, completely different from matter. Another version has astu, indicating steadiness in offering respects. You are all ātmās (sarvātmane). The ātmās, as your aṁśas, are non-different from you. Or you are the giver of consciousness to all beings. Thus you are by nature different from the jīvas. The distinction is then made clear. Saṁsāra is experienced by all jīvas. It repeats again and again (pravartate). Or “Why should I be worshipped and not someone else?” Akrūra then describes the Lord and offers respect. You are not too concerned about the devotees’ offenses (avisakta-dṛṣtaye). You forgive even many offenses. You are paramātmā (sarvatmane). This indicates that he is the dearest and the supreme Lord. You are the witness of all intelligence. You know if someone has somehow thought of you. This indicates the Lord’s gratitude and his value in being served. Others, because of not knowing you, continually suffer and are not qualified for worshipping you. Saṁsāra affects them all. All devatās except Brahmā and Śiva are affected. Brahmā and Śiva are devotees. Or the flow of your qualities like mercy affect devatās and others, even though they are in ignorance. The main cause of worshipping you is your mercy.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Concepts
Atma

A river of three colours runs through every creature — deva, human, beast — turning each into 'I am this body, I am this role.' Kṛṣṇa sits on its bank as the silent witness, untouched by the current, seeing every mind that the current shapes. Akrūra bows to the witness on the bank, not to the current.

📝 My note

← Read full Chapter 40