FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.4.13

ఇతి ప్రభాష్య తం దేవీ మాయా భగవతీ భువి । బహునామనికేతేషు బహునామా బభూవ హ ॥ ౧౩ ॥
iti prabhāṣya taṁ devī
[iti prabhaashya tam devee]
māyā bhagavatī bhuvi
[maayaa bhagavatee bhuvi]
bahu-nāma-niketeṣu
[bahu-naama-niketeshu]
bahu-nāmā babhūva ha
[bahu-naamaa babhoova ha]
iti — in this way prabhāṣya — addressing tam — Kaṁsa devī — the goddess Durgā māyā — Yoga-māyā bhagavatī — possessing immense power, like that of the Supreme Personality of Godhead bhuvi — on the surface of the earth bahu - nāma — of different names niketeṣu — in different places bahu - nāmā — different names babhūva — became ha — indeed .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
iti prabhāṣya taṁ devī
iti
in this way
prabhāṣya
addressing
tam
Kaṁsa
devī
the goddess Durgā
māyā bhagavatī bhuvi
māyā
Yoga-māyā
bhagavatī
possessing immense power, like that of the Supreme Personality of Godhead
bhuvi
on the surface of the earth
bahu-nāma-niketeṣu
bahu - nāma
of different names
niketeṣu
in different places
bahu-nāmā babhūva ha
bahu - nāmā
different names
babhūva
became
ha
indeed .
  • māyā — Māyā (Yoga-māyā)
    Here māyā specifically means Yoga-māyā, the antaraṅgā-śakti — not Mahā-māyā or the bewildering illusion. The same word carries different referents; Gauḍīya theology distinguishes Yoga-māyā (who reveals Kṛṣṇa) from Mahā-māyā (who covers Him from the conditioned soul).
  • bhagavatī — the divine lady (Bhagavān's potency)
    Feminine of Bhagavān. She partakes of His own opulences as His śakti, not as an independent absolute. The Gauḍīya distinction is sharp: śakti and śaktimān are inseparable, but the śakti always serves the śaktimān.
  • bahu-nāma — having many names
    Compound. The same potency wears many names across many shrines — Annapūrṇā, Kālī, Durgā, Bhadrā. The verse anticipates the Smārta-style pluralism and immediately re-grounds it: the names are many, but they all serve one Bhagavān.
  • niketeṣu — in (her) abodes / shrines
    Locative plural — across her many dwelling places. Geography itself becomes the body of her presence; every shrine is a niketa, a settled home of her potency.
  • babhūva — she became / came to be
    Aorist of √bhū — settling-in to existence. The verb conveys not that she was created but that she 'manifested-as' across the land. The Gauḍīya reading: Bhagavān's potencies appear where surrender invokes them.
After speaking to Kaṁsa in this way, the goddess Durgā, Yoga-māyā, appeared in different places, such as Vārāṇasī, and became celebrated by different names, such as Annapūrṇā, Durgā, Kālī and Bhadrā.

The goddess Durgā is celebrated in Calcutta as Kālī, in Bombay as Mumbādevī, in Vārāṇasī as Annapūrṇā, in Cuttack as Bhadrakālī and in Ahmedabad as Bhadrā. Thus in different places she is known by different names. Her devotees are known as śāktas, or worshipers of the energy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whereas worshipers of the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself are called Vaiṣṇavas. Vaiṣṇavas are destined to return home, back to Godhead, in the spiritual world, whereas the śāktas are destined to live within this material world to enjoy different types of material happiness. In the material world, the living entity must accept different types of bodies. Bhrāmayan sarva-bhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā ( Bg. 18.61 ). According to the living entity’s desire, Yoga-māyā, or Māyā, the goddess Durgā, gives him a particular type of body, which is mentioned as yantra, a machine. But the living entities who are promoted to the spiritual world do not return to the prison house of a material body ( tyaktvā dehaṁ punar janma naiti mām eti so ’rjuna ). The words janma na eti indicate that these living entities remain in their original, spiritual bodies to enjoy the company of the Supreme Personality of Godhead in the transcendental abodes Vaikuṇṭha and Vṛndāvana.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
After speaking to Kaṁsa in this way, the goddess Durgā, Yogamāyā, appeared in different places, such as Vārāṇasī, and became celebrated by different names, such as Annapūrṇā, Durgā, Kālī and Bhadrā.
Commentary

Mayadevi became well known by many names in many places. Many places refers to such places as Varanasi.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

After instructing him, Durgā, endowed with powers (satī) by the mercy of Bhagavān (bhagavatī), appeared in places with many names, going by many names according to the worship. Ha indicates joy.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

After instructing him, Durgā, endowed with powers (satī) by the mercy of Bhagavān (bhagavatī), appeared in places with many names, going by many names according to the worship. Other than Mathurā she appeared in Kāśī, Kāmarūpa, and other places and became known as Durgā, Kāmākhyā etc. Ha indicates joy.

Related values
Dana (Charity / Generosity)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Tyaga (Renunciation / Letting Go)Discriminative WisdomSatya (Truthfulness)Yajña (Sacrifice / Spirit of Offering)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Kritajnata (Gratitude)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Raksha (Protective Responsibility)Saurya (Heroism / Bravery)Ahimsa (Non-violence / Compassion)Daya (Compassion / Mercy)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva
Yoga-māyā wears many names across many shrines, but she remains Kṛṣṇa's energy — worship the energetic Source, not merely the energy.
Practical Applications
  • Notice when you are tempted to settle for a regional or familial deity as the 'final' object of worship, and redirect that devotion to Kṛṣṇa, of whom Durgā herself is the servant.
  • Refuse the impersonalist flattening that treats all names and forms as interchangeable — honor Yoga-māyā's role, but offer your praṇāma to the Supreme Personality she serves.
  • Today, audit one habit driven by viṣaya-seeking (material happiness through śakti-worship) and replace it with a concrete act of Vaiṣṇava sādhana — chanting, reading, or service to a devotee.
Reflection Questions
  • Where in my own life am I worshiping Yoga-māyā's gifts — health, wealth, security, family fortune — under spiritual-sounding names, while quietly avoiding direct surrender to Kṛṣṇa Himself?
  • If Durgā's role is to keep willing souls comfortably housed in this material yantra, what specific desire of mine is currently signing the lease on my next body — and am I willing to release it today?
For Each Age Group
youth
  • Audit your phone for one week: which apps and accounts are you petitioning as 'mini-Durgās' for grades, attention, a body, a friend group? Name them honestly in your journal — that naming is the first move from śākta-mood to Vaiṣṇava-mood.
  • Before your next exam or audition, do not bargain with the universe ('if I get this, I'll...'). Instead, offer the effort to Kṛṣṇa beforehand and accept whatever result māyā delivers as the precise yantra He has arranged for your training.
  • When a friend pushes you toward a 'just this once' compromise — a substance, a hookup, a cheat — remember: māyā is real and efficient. She will issue a future body and situation fitted to the desire you feed today. Refuse on those grounds, not on moralistic ones.
householder
  • Make a written list of what you ask from your work, your spouse, and your children. Mark each item Ś (material arrangement, śākta-style petition) or V (relationship with Kṛṣṇa through this person/role). Move at least one item from Ś to V this month — for example, stop praying for the promotion and start offering the work itself.
  • When making a major family decision (school, move, job change), name the destination explicitly: are we optimizing for material happiness within saṁsāra, or for a household that trains everyone toward going back to Godhead? Both can be present, but pretending the question doesn't exist is how families drift śākta by default.
  • Teach your children the difference between honoring Durgā as Kṛṣṇa's protective energy and worshiping her as the supreme. Do it not by polemic but by how your home altar is arranged and whose name is chanted last each night.
senior
  • Take an honest inventory of the 'yantra' you are currently riding — this aging body, these accumulated relationships, this house. Identify three attachments you are still feeding as if they were yours, and begin the practical work of releasing each (legally, emotionally, devotionally) so that the next body is not ordered by them.
  • When you mentor younger relatives or students, do not pass on a generic 'be a good person' — pass on the specific personalist line: surrender is to Kṛṣṇa, the Person, not to an impersonal Self. Your clarity at this stage is one of the most valuable things you can leave behind.
  • Each evening, formally release the day to Kṛṣṇa — health, finances, family outcomes, your own remaining time. Practice the dhīra-bhāva of one who knows the soul is unchanged, so that when the final transition comes you are not learning the move for the first time.
Common Pitfalls
  • Reading this verse as a flat condemnation of Durgā and treating her devotees with contempt, rather than recognizing her as Kṛṣṇa's own potency executing His will and our own latent śākta-mentality showing up in subtler forms.
  • Reducing 'śākta vs. Vaiṣṇava' to a sectarian label while continuing to pray for material happiness — keeping Vaiṣṇava branding outside, śākta desires inside, and missing that the verse is diagnosing a direction of desire, not a costume.
  • Drifting into impersonalism by abstracting 'the energy' and 'the many names' into a generic divine feminine or universal Self, instead of holding the personalist line — Kṛṣṇa is the energetic source, Yoga-māyā is His servant, and surrender is to Him by name.
Discussion Prompts
  • Prabhupāda draws a sharp line: śāktas are 'destined to live within this material world to enjoy different types of material happiness,' while Vaiṣṇavas are destined to return home to Godhead. Where in your own practice do you notice yourself unconsciously asking māyā for a better arrangement within this world rather than asking Kṛṣṇa for relationship with Him? Be specific. Disagree with each other if your readings differ.
  • The verse says māyā took 'many names in many places' — Annapūrṇā, Kālī, Bhadrā, Mumbādevī. Is honoring these regional forms of Durgā compatible with exclusive surrender to Kṛṣṇa, or does it inevitably slide into demigod-confusion? Defend your position; do not settle for a both-and that costs nothing.
  • Bhrāmayan sarva-bhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā — māyā issues each of us a body as a 'machine' fitted to our desires. Trade with your partner one specific feature of your current life (a circumstance, a body-condition, a relationship) that you suspect was issued to fit a desire you would now disown. What would it take to stop ordering that machine?
Role Play

Two students pair up. Student A is a cousin who has just returned from a vibrant Navarātri pilgrimage in Vārāṇasī, deeply moved by Annapūrṇā and now planning to make Devī worship the center of spiritual life — 'Kṛṣṇa, Durgā, all the same energy, all leading to the One.' Student B is a Gauḍīya practitioner who loves this cousin and does not want to insult the Mother, but also cannot pretend the distinction Prabhupāda draws in this purport does not exist. Conduct a 6-minute conversation in which Student B must (a) honor Durgā's real position as Kṛṣṇa's internal energy and protector, (b) gently surface the difference between śākta and Vaiṣṇava destinations, and (c) avoid both sentimental agreement and sectarian harshness. Then swap roles.

Objections & Responses
  • This purport reads as sectarian — ranking Vaiṣṇavas above śāktas, consigning Devī worshipers to the material world. Isn't that exactly the kind of religious one-upmanship that gives traditional religion a bad name?
    The ranking is not of persons but of destinations, and it is descriptive, not vindictive. Durgā herself, in this very verse, is acting on Kṛṣṇa's order — she is His internal potency, not a rival. Prabhupāda's point is mechanical, not tribal: if you ask the energy for material arrangements, the energy efficiently delivers material arrangements — including the next body. If you ask the Energetic for Himself, you get Him. A Gauḍīya teacher honors Durgā precisely as the powerful, faithful agent she is, and refuses to insult her by mistaking her for the Supreme she serves. That is not sectarianism; it is accurate address.
  • Calling the body a yantra — a machine issued by māyā according to desire — sounds like a cruel theology. It blames the disabled, the poor, the abused for their own circumstances.
    The verse is diagnostic of the system, not a verdict on any individual's worth or a license for our indifference. Real compassion (daya) in this tradition means serving the soul inside every such body, not explaining the body away. The yantra teaching is addressed to me, about my desires, to loosen my grip — not to me, about you, to harden my heart. A Gauḍīya response to suffering is seva and shelter, while privately taking the verse as a mirror: what machine am I currently ordering for my next round, and is it the one I actually want?

One lamp, set in many windows of many houses, is called by many names at each window — yet the flame is one. Yoga-māyā appears as Annapūrṇā in Kāśī, Kālī in another shrine, Bhadrā elsewhere; the name shifts, the potency does not. The Gauḍīya reading: worship the lamp, not the window — worship Bhagavān, whose potency these names serve.

Caitanya Mahāprabhu at the Kāmākhyā shrines

During His tours of South and East India, Mahāprabhu visited many goddess shrines — Kāmākhyā, Bhadrakālī, Vimalā — but at every shrine He saw and revealed the same truth: that the goddess herself worships Kṛṣṇa, and the highest fruit of approaching her is to be redirected to Him. In Jagannātha Purī, Vimalā Devī's prasāda is taken only after being offered to Lord Jagannātha; the energy serves the Energetic.

This verse seeds that whole theology. Yoga-māyā establishes her many forms across Bhārata, but each of them is a doorway to Viṣṇu, not a terminus. To worship the goddess and not be carried onward to Bhagavān is to mistake the messenger for the message.

📝 My note

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