FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.39.32

స్త్రీణామేవం రుదన్తీనాముదితే సవితర్యథ । అక్రూరశ్చోదయామాస కృతమైత్రాదికో రథమ్ ॥ ౩౨ ॥
strīṇām evaṁ rudantīnām
[streenaam evam rudanteenaam]
udite savitary atha
[udite savitary atha]
akrūraś codayām āsa
[akroorash chodayaam aasa]
kṛta-maitrādiko ratham
[krita-maitraadiko ratham]
strīṇām — the women evam — in this manner rudantīnām — while they were crying udite — rising savitari — the sun atha — then akrūraḥ — Akrūra codayām āsa — started kṛta — having performed maitra - ādikaḥ — his morning worship and other regular duties ratham — the chariot .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
strīṇām evaṁ rudantīnām
strīṇām
the women
evam
in this manner
rudantīnām
while they were crying
udite savitary atha
udite
rising
savitari
the sun
atha
then
akrūraś codayām āsa
akrūraḥ
Akrūra
codayām āsa
started
kṛta-maitrādiko ratham
kṛta
having performed
maitra - ādikaḥ
his morning worship and other regular duties
ratham
the chariot .
  • maitra - ādikaḥ — the maitra and other (rites)
    Maitra = the morning Mitra-worship (sun-deity), prescribed for brāhmaṇas. Akrūra is the proper brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya: he weeps inwardly for Kṛṣṇa but does not skip his nitya-karma. Devotion does not abolish prescribed duties.
  • udite savitari — when the sun had risen
    Locative absolute — 'the sun having risen.' The chapter's last night ends here; one more pre-dawn cycle of Vraja-līlā is over forever in this mortal phase.
  • rudantīnām — of those (women) crying
    Genitive plural of present participle. The gopīs are still weeping while Akrūra acts — the verse pairs their cry with his cool action, deliberately heightening the contrast.
  • codayām āsa — drove (the chariot)
    Periphrastic perfect of √cud — to urge, drive. The single grammatical action that severs Vraja from Mathurā, the gopīs from Kṛṣṇa. One verb's worth of motion changes everything.
But even as the gopīs cried out in this way, Akrūra, having at sunrise performed His morning worship and other duties, began to drive the chariot.

According to some Vaiṣṇava authorities, Akrūra offended the gopīs by not consoling them when he took Kṛṣṇa to Mathurā, and because of this offense Akrūra was later forced to leave Dvārakā and be separated from Kṛṣṇa during the episode of the Syamantaka jewel. At that time Akrūra had to take up an ignoble residence in Vārāṇasī. Apparently, mother Yaśodā and the other residents of Vṛndāvana were not crying like the gopīs, for they sincerely believed Kṛṣṇa would be coming back within a few days.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
But even as the gopīs cried out in this way, Akrūra, having at sunrise performed His morning worship and other duties, began to drive the chariot.
Commentary

Akrura disrespected the gopis by not comforting them and saying ,"O Mother Yasoda, please forgive my offense, because I am simply the servant of the king. With my own hand I will bring him back to you." Some devotees say that because of this disrespect or offense, later Akrura became separated from Krsna during the Syamantaka jewel episode, giving up Dvaraka and living in infamous Varanasi. Completely his morning duties such as bathing, sandhya rites etc. Akrura mounted the chariot. Some say that because he was so absorbed in the gopis’ lamentation at this time, that Sukadeva could not describe the lamentation of Yasoda. Others say that she was assured by Nanda, the cowherd men and her peers among the women of Vraja that there was no need to worry because her son, so anxious to see the festivities of the dhanur yajna, was going with his father, eating with his father at the proper time and sleeping on his lap. The day after tomorrow he would be returning. Therefore she did not lament.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

As the gopīs cried in this way, Akrūra began to depart. The grammatical structure indicates that he ignored or disrespected them. This was an offense. They deserved everyone’s sympathy and they were the women of Vraja, and they were crying out of prema for Kṛṣṇa! And he departed without giving them any comfort at all. Previously in verse 26 they had stated that they thought of him as an offender. “He is so extremely cruel that without even trying to console the sorrowful residents of Vraja he left.” Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: akrūraḥ krūrahṛdayaḥ śīghraṁ prerayate hayān / eva mārtāsu yoṣitsu kṛpā kasya na jāyate // Akrūra with cruel heart began to hasten the horses. Who would not have mercy on dying women? Those who know the glory of Gokula say that because of this offense he was later involved in the conspiracy with the Śyamantaka gem and fled Dvārakā. At an auspicious moment after the sun rose the two boys mounted the chariot.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

As the gopīs cried in this way, Akrūra began to depart. The grammatical structure indicates that he ignored or disrespected them. This was an offense. They deserved everyone’s sympathy and they were the women of Vraja, and they were crying out of prema for Kṛṣṇa! And he departed without giving them any comfort at all. Previously in verse 26 they had stated that they thought of him as an offender. “He is so extremely cruel that without even trying to console the sorrowful residents of Vraja he left.” Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: akrūraḥ krūrahṛdayaḥ śīghraṁ prerayate hayān / eva mārtāsu yoṣitsu kṛpā kasya na jāyate // Akrūra with cruel heart began to hasten the horses. Who would not have mercy on dying women? Those who know the glory of Gokula say that because of this offense he was later involved in the conspiracy with the Śyamantaka gem and fled Dvārakā. At an auspicious moment after the sun rose the two boys mounted the chariot. Or he waited till the sun rose because of there could be attack by thieves at night. This would avoid cause for further lamenation by the gopīs. Out of great pain of separation they could fall in front of the chariot without his noticing if he left at night. Verse 27 has already mentioned that Kṛṣṇa had mounted the chariot. It is not mentioned here because Parikṣit would develop extreme pain. Or Śukadeva himself could not speak properly.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses

Like an officiant who has completed his pre-dawn ablutions and prayers and then turns to the chariot with the routine of duty — Akrūra, at sunrise, having performed maitra-ādika rites, drives the chariot away. The gopīs cry; the world keeps moving according to its scheduled ritual.

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