FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.38.28-33

దదర్శ కృష్ణం రామం చ వ్రజే గోదోహనం గతౌ । పీతనీలామ్బరధరౌ శరదమ్బురుహేక్షణౌ ॥ ౨౮ ॥ కిశోరౌ శ్యామలశ్వేతౌ శ్రీనికేతౌ బృహద్భ‍ుజౌ । సుముఖౌ సున్దరవరౌ బలద్విరదవిక్రమౌ ॥ ౨౯ ॥ ధ్వజవజ్రాఙ్కుశామ్భోజైశ్చిహ్నితైరఙ్‍‍‍‍‍ఘ్రిభిర్వ్రజమ్ । శోభయన్తౌ మహాత్మానౌ సానుక్రోశస్మితేక్షణౌ ॥ ౩౦ ॥ ఉదారరుచిరక్రీడౌ స్రగ్విణౌ వనమాలినౌ । పుణ్యగన్ధానులిప్తాఙ్గౌ స్‍నాతౌ విరజవాససౌ ॥ ౩౧ ॥ ప్రధానపురుషావాద్యౌ జగద్ధేతూ జగత్పతీ । అవతీర్ణౌ జగత్యర్థే స్వాంశేన బలకేశవౌ ॥ ౩౨ ॥ దిశో వితిమిరా రాజన్కుర్వాణౌ ప్రభయా స్వయా । యథా మారకత: శైలో రౌప్యశ్చ కనకాచితౌ ॥ ౩౩ ॥
dadarśa kṛṣṇaṁ rāmaṁ ca
[dadarsha krishnam raamam cha]
vraje go-dohanaṁ gatau
[vraje go-dohanam gatau]
pīta-nīlāmbara-dharau
[peeta-neelaambara-dharau]
śarad-amburahekṣaṇau
[sharad-amburahekshanau]
kiśorau śyāmala-śvetau
[kishorau shyaamala-shvetau]
śrī-niketau bṛhad-bhujau
[shree-niketau brihad-bhujau]
su-mukhau sundara-varau
[su-mukhau sundara-varau]
bala-dvirada-vikramau
[bala-dvirada-vikramau]
dhvaja-vajrāṅkuśāmbhojaiś
[dhvaja-vajraankushaambhojaish]
cihnitair aṅghribhir vrajam
[chihnitair anghribhir vrajam]
śobhayantau mahātmānau
[shobhayantau mahaatmaanau]
sānukrośa-smitekṣaṇau
[saanukrosha-smitekshanau]
udāra-rucira-krīḍau
[udaara-ruchira-kreedau]
sragviṇau vana-mālinau
[sragvinau vana-maalinau]
puṇya-gandhānuliptāṅgau
[punya-gandhaanuliptaangau]
snātau viraja-vāsasau
[snaatau viraja-vaasasau]
pradhāna-puruṣāv ādyau
[pradhaana-purushaav aadyau]
jagad-dhetū jagat-patī
[jagad-dhetoo jagat-patee]
avatīrṇau jagaty-arthe
[avateernau jagaty-arthe]
svāṁśena bala-keśavau
[svaamshena bala-keshavau]
diśo vitimirā rājan
[disho vitimiraa raajan]
kurvāṇau prabhayā svayā
[kurvaanau prabhayaa svayaa]
yathā mārakataḥ śailo
[yathaa maarakatah shailo]
raupyaś ca kanakācitau
[raupyash cha kanakaachitau]
dadarśa — he saw kṛṣṇam rāmam ca — Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma vraje — in the village of Vraja go — the cows dohanam — to the place of milking gatau — gone pīta - nīla — yellow and blue ambara — clothes dharau — wearing śarat — of the autumn season amburuha — like lotuses īkṣaṇau — whose eyes kiśorau — the two youths śyāmala - śvetau — dark-blue and white śrī - niketau — the shelters of the goddess of fortune bṛhat — mighty bhujau — whose arms su - mukhau — with attractive faces sundara - varau — the most beautiful bala — young dvirada — like an elephant vikramau — whose walking dhvaja — by the flag vajra — lightning bolt aṅkuśa — elephant goad ambhojaiḥ — and lotus cihnitaiḥ — marked aṅghribhiḥ — with Their feet vrajam — the cow pasture śobhayantau — beautifying mahā - ātmānau — great souls sa - anukrośa — compassionate smita — and smiling īkṣaṇau — whose glances udāra — magnanimous rucira — and attractive krīḍau — whose pastimes srak - vinau — wearing jeweled necklaces vana - mālinau — and wearing flower garlands puṇya — auspicious gandha — with fragrant substances anulipta — anointed aṅgau — whose limbs snātau — freshly bathed viraja — spotless vāsasau — whose garments pradhāna — the most exalted puruṣau — two persons ādyau — primeval jagat - dhetū — the causes of the universe jagat - patī — the masters of the universe avatīrṇau — having descended jagati - arthe — for the benefit of the universe sva - aṁśena — in Their distinct forms bala - keśavau — Balarāma and Keśava diśaḥ — all the directions vitimirāḥ — free from darkness rājan — O King kurvāṇau — making prabhayā — with the effulgence svayā — Their own yathā — as mārakataḥ — made of emerald śailaḥ — a mountain raupyaḥ — one made of silver ca — and kanaka — with gold acitau — both decorated .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
dadarśa kṛṣṇaṁ rāmaṁ ca
dadarśa
he saw
kṛṣṇam rāmam ca
Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma
vraje go-dohanaṁ gatau
vraje
in the village of Vraja
go
the cows
dohanam
to the place of milking
gatau
gone
pīta-nīlāmbara-dharau
pīta - nīla
yellow and blue
ambara
clothes
dharau
wearing
śarad-amburahekṣaṇau
śarat
of the autumn season
amburuha
like lotuses
kiśorau śyāmala-śvetau
śrī-niketau bṛhad-bhujau
īkṣaṇau
whose eyes
kiśorau
the two youths
śyāmala - śvetau
dark-blue and white
su-mukhau sundara-varau
bala-dvirada-vikramau
dhvaja-vajrāṅkuśāmbhojaiś
cihnitair aṅghribhir vrajam
śobhayantau mahātmānau
sānukrośa-smitekṣaṇau
udāra-rucira-krīḍau
sragviṇau vana-mālinau
śrī - niketau
the shelters of the goddess of fortune
bṛhat
mighty
puṇya-gandhānuliptāṅgau
snātau viraja-vāsasau
pradhāna-puruṣāv ādyau
jagad-dhetū jagat-patī
avatīrṇau jagaty-arthe
svāṁśena bala-keśavau
diśo vitimirā rājan
kurvāṇau prabhayā svayā
bhujau
whose arms
su - mukhau
with attractive faces
sundara - varau
the most beautiful
bala
young
dvirada
like an elephant
vikramau
whose walking
dhvaja
by the flag
vajra
lightning bolt
yathā mārakataḥ śailo
raupyaś ca kanakācitau
aṅkuśa
elephant goad
ambhojaiḥ
and lotus
cihnitaiḥ
marked
aṅghribhiḥ
with Their feet
vrajam
the cow pasture
śobhayantau
beautifying
mahā - ātmānau
great souls
sa - anukrośa
compassionate
smita
and smiling
īkṣaṇau
whose glances
udāra
magnanimous
rucira
and attractive
krīḍau
whose pastimes
srak - vinau
wearing jeweled necklaces
vana - mālinau
and wearing flower garlands
puṇya
auspicious
gandha
with fragrant substances
anulipta
anointed
aṅgau
whose limbs
snātau
freshly bathed
viraja
spotless
vāsasau
whose garments
pradhāna
the most exalted
puruṣau
two persons
ādyau
primeval
jagat - dhetū
the causes of the universe
jagat - patī
the masters of the universe
avatīrṇau
having descended
jagati - arthe
for the benefit of the universe
sva - aṁśena
in Their distinct forms
bala - keśavau
Balarāma and Keśava
diśaḥ
all the directions
vitimirāḥ
free from darkness
rājan
O King
kurvāṇau
making
prabhayā
with the effulgence
svayā
Their own
yathā
as
mārakataḥ
made of emerald
śailaḥ
a mountain
raupyaḥ
one made of silver
ca
and
kanaka
with gold
acitau
both decorated .
  • pīta - nīla — yellow and blue
    Compound: pīta (yellow) + nīla (blue). The signature garment-pairing — Kṛṣṇa in pītāmbara, Balarāma in nīlāmbara. Gauḍīya iconography fixes these colors strictly; the reversal in some Western reproductions is a giveaway of unfamiliarity with the tradition.
  • śarat — of the autumn season
    Śarat — autumn. The season of the rāsa-līlā and of the clearest skies in the Indian year. Gauḍīyas read śarat as the rasa-season; even a comparison drawn from autumn (here, lotuses) places the verse in the rasa-frame.
  • śyāmala - śvetau — dark-blue and white
    Compound dual: śyāmala (dark-blue, the color of the rainy cloud) + śveta (white, the color of the conch). The complexions of Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma. Gauḍīyas read śyāmala as the very color of mādhurya; śveta as the color of dāsya-vatsalya.
  • śrī - niketau — the shelters of the goddess of fortune
    Compound: Śrī (Lakṣmī) + niketa (abode). Both Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma are loci of Śrī — Gauḍīyas hold both as Viṣṇu-tattva in the strictest sense, not merely an avatāra and a brother. Balarāma is mūla-saṅkarṣaṇa.
  • vana - mālinau — wearing flower garlands
    Compound dual: vana (forest) + mālin (garland-wearer). The vaijayantī-mālā made of five kinds of forest flowers. Gauḍīyas note this is not parlor jewelry; it is the literal forest hung on Bhagavān, a visible sign that the dhāma offers itself to Him.
  • ādyau — primeval
    Dual of ādya — first. The two as ādi-puruṣas, prior to all creation. Gauḍīya śāstra holds Kṛṣṇa-Balarāma as ādyau in the strict ontological sense — the original twin-disclosure from which all expansions proceed.
Akrūra then saw Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma in the village of Vraja, going to milk the cows. Kṛṣṇa wore yellow garments, Balarāma blue, and Their eyes resembled autumnal lotuses. One of those two mighty-armed youths, the shelters of the goddess of fortune, had a dark-blue complexion, and the other’s was white. With Their fine-featured faces They were the most beautiful of all persons. As They walked with the gait of young elephants, glancing about with compassionate smiles, Those two exalted personalities beautified the cow pasture with the impressions of Their feet, which bore the marks of the flag, lightning bolt, elephant goad and lotus. The two Lords, whose pastimes are most magnanimous and attractive, were ornamented with jeweled necklaces and flower garlands, anointed with auspicious, fragrant substances, freshly bathed, and dressed in spotless raiment. They were the primeval Supreme Personalities, the masters and original causes of the universes, who had for the welfare of the earth now descended in Their distinct forms of Keśava and Balarāma. O King Parīkṣit, They resembled two gold-bedecked mountains, one of emerald and the other of silver, as with Their effulgence They dispelled the sky’s darkness in all directions.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Akrūra then saw Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma in the village of Vraja, going to milk the cows. Kṛṣṇa wore yellow garments, Balarāma blue, and Their eyes resembled autumnal lotuses. One of those two mighty-armed youths, the shelters of the goddess of fortune, had a dark-blue complexion, and the other's was white. With Their fine-featured faces They were the most beautiful of all persons. As They walked with the gait of young elephants, glancing about with compassionate smiles, Those two exalted personalities beautified the cow pasture with the impressions of Their feet, which bore the marks of the flag, lightning bolt, elephant goad and lotus. The two Lords, whose pastimes are most magnanimous and attractive, were ornamented with jeweled necklaces and flower garlands, anointed with auspicious, fragrant substances, freshly bathed, and dressed in spotless raiment. They were the primeval Supreme Personalities, the masters and original causes of the universes, who had for the welfare of the earth now descended in Their distinct forms of Keśava and Balarāma. O King Parīkṣit, They resembled two gold-bedecked mountains, one of emerald and the other of silver, as with Their effulgence They dispelled the sky's darkness in all directions.
Commentary

He saw Balarama and Krsna, whose glances were smiling with mercy, at the place where the cows were to be milked. Or he saw Krsna and Balarama engaged in milking the cows. Pradhana purusa means those two person who appeared as avataras within matter (pradhana). They divided up the work of protecting the earth (svamsena). Krsna killed Agha and Baka, whereas Balarama killed Dhenuka and Pralamba. Krsna killed Canura and Kamsa, whereas Balarama killed Mustika and Dvivida.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Six verses describe Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma and his reaction. First he, with intense bhakti, saw Kṛṣṇa, manifesting his special powers, as he was wandering in the place of cow (vraje). They were going to the milking place. He saw them among the place for calves. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says sa dadarśa tadā tatra kṛṣṇam ādohane gavām / vatsa-madhyāgataṁ phullanīlotpala-dala-cchavim // Akrūra saw Kṛṣṇa with complexion of a blossoming blue lotus amidst the calves at the place for milking the cows. Hari-vaṁśa says: praviśann eva ca dvāri dadarśādohane gavām / vatsa-madhye sthitaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ savatsam iva govṛṣam // Entering the gate Akrūra saw Kṛṣṇa amongst the calves, like a bull with calves, at the place for milking the cows. The calves were gathered together along with the cow being milking by the cowherds. The two boys are then described in five and a half verses. From far off he saw their dress. He saw them glance at him, since by their nature their glances of mercy were attractive to internal and external senses. Their eyes, like bunches of white kandali flowers, were brighter than lightning. They were also red at the edges. That manifests in the kaiśora age. With the appearance of unsteadiness (fickleness), in order to realize everything, Akrūra first describes their complexion, then their great beauty, and then their arms raised in order to gather the cows. Coming closer, he could see the beauty of all their limbs. He then noticed the two boys of kaiśora age walking strongly like elephants. He then describes the marks of the Lord on their feet. The plural is used because there are four feet. He became stunned by the astonishing sweetness, and then again received glances of mercy. They had very attractive pastimes as they smile while calling and keeping the cows in their place. They then revealed by their mercy by their attire for pastimes which he did not see previously, in order to show their completely sweetness. He sees all the details of their attire, which is described in order. They wore short, medium and long forest garlands. The word viraja-vāsisau instead of virajo-vāsisau is like the usage in arthāḥ pāda-rajopamā: wealth is like dust on the feet. (mahā-subhaṣīta-saṁgraha) It is understood that after returning home, they had bathed and put on fresh clothing. Astonished on realizing their sweetness, he then became astonished at their power. Kṛṣṇa was the chief among all beings (pradhāna) and no one else was equal to Balarāma. Svāṁśena means “with different avatāra forms” since both are being described (jagat-patī). Bala-keśavau indicates Balarāma with great strength and Kṛṣṇa who killed Keśī. Thus Kṛṣṇa would certainly kill Kaṁsa. “How could he see these details from a great distance?” The two boys were very brilliant. Though night had started to appear, they shone brightly, dispelling darkness in all directions. They are compared to mountains, because compared to other boys their age they were bigger, with chests like mountains. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says prāṣśum uttuṅga-bāhvaṁśam: they had long, thick arms. They were like emerald and silver mountains decorated with gold, because of their size and golden ornaments. That beauty radiated in all directions.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Kṛṣṇa is mentioned first, since he had special devotion to him or because of Kṛṣṇa special powers, he noticed him first. The two boys were going to milk the cows in the place where the cows lived, in Vraja. He saw them among the cows. sa dadarśa tadā tatra kṛṣṇam ādohane gavām vatsa-madhyāgataṁ phullanīlotpala-dala-cchavim Akrūra saw Kṛṣṇa with complexion of a blossoming blue lotus amidst the calves at the place for milking the cows. Viṣṇu Purāṇa praviśann eva ca dvāri dadarśādohane gavām vatsa-madhye sthitaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ savatsam iva govṛṣam Entering the gate Akrūra saw Kṛṣṇa amongst the calves, like a bull with calves, at the place for milking the cows. Hari-vaṁśa He mixed with the calves, like cowherds milking cows mixing with the calves. The two boys are then described in five and a half verses. After seeing details are described as he got closer. He saw Kṛṣṇa’s yellow cloth. This is representative of other things he saw such as ornaments. Those are described later in verse 33. Their eyes were like autumn rain clouds. This represents other aspects of his beauty also. They were of kaiśora age, with black and white complexions. They were the abodes of various types of glory such as beauty. They had huge arms, showing their heroic stature. They had beautiful faces, showing their attractiveness. Or they had the abodes of Lakṣmī on their chests. They had the best arms and faces. Other features are also beautiful (sundarau). Like young elephants (being of kaiśora age) they were valorous. Their valorous carriage indicate they were also proud. Vikrama also indicates their gait. They moved like young elephants. They made Vraja beautiful by the marks on their feet. Or they made Vraja beautiful by their feet with marks. Plural of “feet” means four feet. They wandered about here and there at will, making marks everywhere. Another version has maṇḍayantau. Since they were going to milk the cows, they made marks. Tuṅga-rakta-nakhaṁ padbhyāṁ dharaṇyāṁ supratiṣṭitam There were clear marks on the earth made by their feet. Viṣṇu Purāṇa Bhuvi padbhyāṁ vyavasthitaḥ There marks made by his feet on the ground. Hari-vaṁśa They were endowed with all qualities (mahaṭmānau). Their main quality is mercy (anukrośa). This also indicates their sweetness. They played (milking the cows, playing the flute etc.) attractively, bestowing all desires, or in an extraordinary way (udāra). They were decorated with jewel garlands or with flower garlands on their heads (sragvinau) or with garlands reaching their feet. Their limbs were smeared with sandalwood mixed with kuṁkuma, drawn in patterns, in various colors like yellow and blue. They had been bathed by their mothers to remove the cow dust. They wore dust free cloth (viraja-vāsasau). The ending on viraja is like the usage in arthāḥ pāda-rajopamāḥ. Their greatness is described. They are appear as one bhagavān in two forms (svāṁsena). Thus the dual ending is used in all these verses. They are both lords of the universe (jagat-patī). They can thus remove the burden of the earth. Their names are Balarāma and Keśava. Balādhikyād balaṁ viduḥ: he will be known as bala because of his great strength. (SB 10.8.12) Keśava means he who killed Keśī. Balarāma is mentioned first because he appeared first. They appeared in order to spread prema in the universe (jagaty arthe). They appeared together with portions of their associates (svāṁśena). Aṁśas can mean Śrīdāmā and others. Dual ending is used to show that they are both avatāras as explained in First Canto, Third Chapter.

How could he see all these details from his chariot far away? They revealed everything through their natural effulgence. They were most effulgent. O king! Śukadeva calls out in astonishment at Akrūra’s good fortune. Or rājan can be connected the second line. They shone (rājan) like emerald and silver mountains decorated with gold. The example is incomplete without an element of similarity (shining). The mountains are in the singular, but kanakācitau (decorated with gold) is in the dual case to complete the analogy. They are compared to mountains because they were huge in size. Parvata-pravarākṛtiḥ: he had a form like the best mountain. (Hari-vaṁśa) prāṁśum uttūṅgavāhvaṁsam: he was tall with thick arms and shoulders. By their nature, they could thus defeat all others. Or they could not be surpassed, like mountains. Or they only appeared like this in order to kill Kaṁśa. Otherwise the women of Mathurā could not say that their limbs were soft. (SB 10.44.8) One should not say that the two appeared soft to the women of Mathurā because of their intense affection, for one does not find that they were actually huge in form anywhere else. This would also act as an obstacle to playing in Vraja.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Concepts
PunyaAvatara

An emerald mountain and a silver mountain rising side by side in the evening light — one cool blue, one moon-white, both lit by the same setting sun. Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma in the cow-yard at milking time are this twin geography: two complexions, one rasa, the whole village of Vraja arranged around them like rivers around a pair of peaks.

Brahmā's recovery of recognition

After Brahmā stole the cowherd boys and calves, he returned to find that Kṛṣṇa had Himself expanded into every missing boy and calf. The vision broke him; he saw Bhagavān in every direction in the same form — and offered the Brahma-stuti, calling Kṛṣṇa the supreme cause (SB 10.13–14).

Gauḍīyas pair that all-encompassing vision with this verse's double-vision: where Brahmā sees Kṛṣṇa multiplied, Akrūra sees Kṛṣṇa twinned with Balarāma. Both are līlā-disclosures of the one Person; the cow-pasture is where these revelations stage themselves.

📝 My note

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