FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.16.24

తత్ప్రథ్యమానవపుషా వ్యథితాత్మభోగ- స్త్యక్త్వోన్నమయ్య కుపిత: స్వఫణాన్ భుజఙ్గ: । తస్థౌ శ్వసఞ్ఛ్వసనరన్ధ్రవిషామ్బరీష- స్తబ్ధేక్షణోల్ముకముఖో హరిమీక్షమాణ: ॥ ౨౪ ॥
tat-prathyamāna-vapuṣā vyathitātma-bhogas
[tat-prathyamaana-vapushaa vyathitaatma-bhogas]
tyaktvonnamayya kupitaḥ sva-phaṇān bhujaṅgaḥ
[tyaktvonnamayya kupitah sva-phanaan bhujangah]
tasthau śvasañ chvasana-randhra-viṣāmbarīṣa-
[tasthau shvasan chvasana-randhra-vishaambareesha-]
stabdhekṣaṇolmuka-mukho harim īkṣamāṇaḥ
[stabdhekshanolmuka-mukho harim eekshamaanah]
tat — of Him, Lord Kṛṣṇa prathyamāna — expanding vapuṣā — by the transcendental body vyathita — pained ātma — his own bhogaḥ — serpent body tyaktvā — giving Him up unnamayya — raising high kupitaḥ — angered sva - phaṇān — his hoods bhujaṅga — the serpent tasthau — stood still śvasan — breathing heavily śvasana - randhra — his nostrils viṣa - ambarīṣa — like two vessels for cooking poison stabdha — fixed īkṣaṇa — his eyes ulmuka — like firebrands mukhaḥ — his face harim — the Supreme Personality of Godhead īkṣamāṇaḥ — observing .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tat-prathyamāna-vapuṣā vyathitātma-bhogas
tat
of Him, Lord Kṛṣṇa
prathyamāna
expanding
vapuṣā
by the transcendental body
vyathita
pained
ātma
his own
bhogaḥ
serpent body
tyaktvonnamayya kupitaḥ sva-phaṇān bhujaṅgaḥ
tyaktvā
giving Him up
unnamayya
raising high
kupitaḥ
angered
sva - phaṇān
his hoods
bhujaṅga
the serpent
tasthau śvasañ chvasana-randhra-viṣāmbarīṣa-
tasthau
stood still
śvasan
breathing heavily
śvasana - randhra
his nostrils
viṣa - ambarīṣa
like two vessels for cooking poison
stabdhekṣaṇolmuka-mukho harim īkṣamāṇaḥ
stabdha
fixed
īkṣaṇa
his eyes
ulmuka
like firebrands
mukhaḥ
his face
harim
the Supreme Personality of Godhead
īkṣamāṇaḥ
observing .
  • prathyamāna — expanding
    From pra + √thā — to spread out. Bhagavān's body has no fixed dimension; He can swell at will. Gauḍīya theology: His form is sac-cid-ānanda — not limited by the laws of material extension.
  • viṣa - ambarīṣa — (nostrils like) vessels for cooking poison
    Compound: viṣa (poison) + ambarīṣa (cooking-pot). Vivid Bhāgavata simile. Even the asura's anatomy is rendered as a kitchen of contamination — the inverse of the gopīs' kitchens, which cook nectar for Kṛṣṇa.
  • ulmuka — firebrand
    A burning piece of wood. The serpent's eyes burn — but with anger, not love. The Gauḍīya contrast: the gopīs' eyes also burn (verse 11's bhīta), but with viraha-tāpa, the burn of separation.
His coils tormented by the expanding body of the Lord, Kāliya released Him. In great anger the serpent then raised his hoods high and stood still, breathing heavily. His nostrils appeared like vessels for cooking poison, and the staring eyes in his face like firebrands. Thus the serpent looked at the Lord.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
His coils tormented by the expanding body of the Lord, Kāliya released Him. In great anger the serpent then raised his hoods high and stood still, breathing heavily. His nostrils appeared like vessels for cooking poison, and the staring eyes in his face like firebrands. Thus the serpent looked at the Lord.
Commentary

This verse describes how Krsna got free of Kaliya and how Kaliya’s powers weakened. Kaliya let go of Krsna because he was pained (vyatthita) by the expanding body of Krsna (prathyamana vapusa), which had previously been much smaller. Freeing Krsna, the snake raised his huge hood, and breathing heavily stared at Krsna. His nostrils were full of poison, his glaring eyes were like flaming pots of poison, and his mouths emitted fire balls.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

This verse describes how he released himself. Kāliya became fatigued. By Kṛṣṇa slightly expanding his body the snake’s coils began to ache as if being torn. The word ātmā indicates that Kāliya identified with his body and thus felt extreme pain. He raised his hoods. The word sva indicates the hoods’ extraordinary nature (he had great regard for them). His nostrils were like fiery vessels. He glared at the Lord who would take away his false pride (harim) or who would take away his residence.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

This verse describes how he released himself. Kāliya became fatigued. By Kṛṣṇa slightly expanding his body, the snake’s coils began to ache as if being torn. The word ātmā indicates that Kāliya identified with his body and thus felt extreme pain. Kṛṣṇa’s body was bound tightly by the coils. When Kṛṣṇa expanded his body the snake began breathing loudly because of anger arising from pain inflicted on his coils. His nostrils were filled with poison and thus, by breathing heavily, he released more poison. His nostrils were like pots of poison. His glances were red, filled with poison. He released flames of poison from his mouth (ulmuka-mukhaḥ). The descriptions become more and more fearsome. The descriptions portray more poisonous aspects of the snake then previous ones. The snake glared at Kṛṣṇa who was eager to take away Kāliya’s residence (harim) or remove his bad qualities. The real meaning is that the snake did not feel pain (avyathita). He was angry out of affection because Kṛṣṇa quickly separated from his embrace. He looked at Kṛṣṇa because Kṛṣṇa was most attractive. His heavy breathing was a sāttvika-bhāva. His nostrils holding pots of poison and his mouth emitting flames are natural qualities of the snake.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Hrih (Modesty / Sense of Shame)Satya (Truthfulness)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Yajña (Sacrifice / Spirit of Offering)
Related verses
Concepts
BhavaAtma

Kāliya cannot hold what is expanding. His coils slip; he rears up, hoods like cooking-vessels of poison, eyes like firebrands. The serpent has gone from confident attacker to cornered creature — and Kṛṣṇa has not yet touched him. The mere swelling of Bhagavān's body has unmade the demonic grip.

📝 My note

← Read full Chapter 16