FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.16.21

తా: కృష్ణమాతరమపత్యమనుప్రవిష్టాం తుల్యవ్యథా: సమనుగృహ్య శుచ: స్రవన్త్య: । తాస్తా వ్రజప్రియకథా: కథయన్త్య ఆసన్ కృష్ణాననేఽర్పితద‍ృశో మృతకప్రతీకా: ॥ ౨౧ ॥
tāḥ kṛṣṇa-mātaram apatyam anupraviṣṭāṁ
[taah krishna-maataram apatyam anupravishtaam]
tulya-vyathāḥ samanugṛhya śucaḥ sravantyaḥ
[tulya-vyathaah samanugrihya shuchah sravantyah]
tās tā vraja-priya-kathāḥ kathayantya āsan
[taas taa vraja-priya-kathaah kathayantya aasan]
kṛṣṇānane ’rpita-dṛśo mṛtaka-pratīkāḥ
[krishnaanane ’rpita-drisho mritaka-prateekaah]
tāḥ — those ladies kṛṣṇa - mātaram — the mother of Kṛṣṇa (Yaśodā) apatyam — upon her son anupraviṣṭām — fixing her vision tulya — equally vyathāḥ — pained samanugṛhya — holding back firmly śucaḥ — floods of sorrow sravantyaḥ — spilling forth tāḥ tāḥ — each of them vraja - priya — of the darling of Vraja kathāḥ — topics kathayantyaḥ — speaking āsan — they stood kṛṣṇa - ānane — unto the face of Lord Kṛṣṇa arpita — offered dṛśaḥ — their eyes mṛtaka — corpses pratīkāḥ — resembling .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tāḥ kṛṣṇa-mātaram apatyam anupraviṣṭāṁ
tāḥ
those ladies
kṛṣṇa - mātaram
the mother of Kṛṣṇa (Yaśodā)
apatyam
upon her son
anupraviṣṭām
fixing her vision
tulya-vyathāḥ samanugṛhya śucaḥ sravantyaḥ
tulya
equally
vyathāḥ
pained
samanugṛhya
holding back firmly
śucaḥ
floods of sorrow
sravantyaḥ
spilling forth
tās tā vraja-priya-kathāḥ kathayantya āsan
tāḥ tāḥ
each of them
vraja - priya
of the darling of Vraja
kathāḥ
topics
kathayantyaḥ
speaking
āsan
they stood
kṛṣṇānane ’rpita-dṛśo mṛtaka-pratīkāḥ
kṛṣṇa - ānane
unto the face of Lord Kṛṣṇa
arpita
offered
dṛśaḥ
their eyes
mṛtaka
corpses
pratīkāḥ
resembling .
  • kṛṣṇa - mātaram — the mother of Kṛṣṇa
    Compound: kṛṣṇa + mātaram. Yaśodā — the most exalted vātsalya devotee in all śāstra. Gauḍīya tradition: she has performed austerities through many lives to win this position, exceeding even Brahmā's reach.
  • vraja - priya — dear to Vraja
    Compound: vraja + priya. Kṛṣṇa as the beloved of Vraja itself — the entire community, not any one devotee, holds Him as dear. The line foreshadows the next verse's ananya-gatim.
  • mṛtaka - pratīkāḥ — resembling corpses
    Compound: mṛtaka (dead body) + pratīka (image, semblance). One of the eight sāttvika-bhāvas — pralaya, stupor — described in Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu as a sign of mahā-bhāva. The gopīs' love has reached that height.
  • arpita - dṛśaḥ — with eyes offered (to Him)
    Compound: arpita (offered) + dṛśaḥ (eyes). Even at the breaking point, the eyes are offered. The Vaiṣṇava discipline of darśana is unbroken.
Although the elder gopīs were feeling just as much distress as she and were pouring forth a flood of sorrowful tears, they had to forcibly hold back Kṛṣṇa’s mother, whose consciousness was totally absorbed in her son. Standing like corpses, with their eyes fixed upon His face, these gopīs each took turns recounting the pastimes of the darling of Vraja.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Although the elder gopīs were feeling just as much distress as she and were pouring forth a flood of sorrowful tears, they had to forcibly hold back Kṛṣṇa's mother, whose consciousness was totally absorbed in her son. Standing like corpses, with their eyes fixed upon His face, these gopīs each took turns recounting the pastimes of the darling of Vraja.
Commentary

This verse describes the distress of those in parental love. Tah refers to the famous women of Vraja with children. Yasoda is described as being torn apart (prataptam) upon seeing (anu) her son (apatyam). Another reading is pravistam instead of prataptam. That would mean she entered the same state as her son (who seemed to have fainted), or fainted as he did. Seeing her try to jump in the river, other elder gopis took her by the arms (samanugryha), as she was still fairly conscious, and washed her face covered with sweat and tears. In loud voices, they began to recite stories about the dear boy of Vraja (vrajapriya) in order to revive her. These elder gopis were rivers of lamentation (sucah sravantyah . amara kosa says svaranti means river). With the waves of their lamentation they drowned others as well. Thus the gopis became paralyzed like corpses (mrtika pratikah).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

What happened to his mother? Overcome with grief, Śukadeva describes her a little, and gives a detailed description of all of the women. Tāḥ refers to those gopīs previously mentioned who were friends of Yaśodā. The word apatyam means he who does not cause the family to fall into any sort of suffering: a son who is the object of the highest affection. Because of (anu) her son (apatyam) she was suffering extremely (prataptam). Another version has anupraviṣṭām: she started to enter the water. Though the other women were equally afflicted, they held on (gṛhya) to her firmly (sam) and constantly (anu). They released tears of grief in streams (śucaḥ sravantyaḥ). They began to relate to each other topics dear to Vraja such his being protected by the Lord from Pūtanā and his killing of Baka and Vatsa using his strength. “He has killed many great demons. What is this one rascal snake among all of them? He will kill the snake and come now.” They spoke like this to pacify Yaśodā. They stood with their eyes fixed on Kṛṣṇa, and later appeared like corpses. Viṣṇu Purāṇa describes their grief in detail. sarvā yaśodayā sārdhaṁ viśāmo ‘tra mahā-hrade nāga-rājasya no gantum asmākaṁ yujyate vraje divasaḥ ko vinā sūryaḥ vinā candreṇa kā niśā vinā vṛṣeṇa kā gāvo vinā kṛsṇena ko vrajaḥ vinākrtā na yāsyāmaḥ kṛṣṇenanena gokulam araṇyaṁ nātisevyaṁ ca vārihīnaṁ yathā saraḥ yatra nendīvara-dala-prakhyakāntir ayaṁ hariḥ tenāpi mātarvāsena ratir astīti viṣmayaḥ utphulla-paṅkaja-dala spāṣṭakānti-vilocanam apaśyanto hariṁ dīnāḥ kathaṁ goṣṭhe bhaviṣyatah atyartha-madhurālāpa-hṛtāśeṣa-manodhanāḥ na vinā puṇḍarīkākṣaṁ yāsyāmo nandagokulam bhogenāveṣṭitasyāpi sarpa-rājasya paśyataḥ smita-śobhimukhaṁ gopyaḥ kṛṣṇsyāsmad vilokane We will all enter the huge lake of the snake king with Yaśodā. It is not proper for us to return to Vraja. What is the day without the sun, the night without the moon, and what is the cow without the bull, and what is Vraja without Kṛṣṇa? Without Kṛṣṇa we cannot return to Gokula incomplete. Where Kṛṣṇa with the complexion of a blue lotus is absent it is like a forest having a lake without water. It is surprising that living there would be pleasant. O Yaśodā! Not seeing Kṛṣṇa with lotus eyes, how could the wretched people continue living in the village? Since the unlimited treasures of our minds have been captured by his sweet speech, without lotus eyed Kṛṣṇa, we will not go to Nandagokula. O cowherd women! Look at his smiling face when he looks at us, even though he is held by the coils of the king of snakes.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

What happened to his mother? Overcome with grief, Śukadeva describes her a little, and gives a detailed description of all of the women. Tāḥ refers to those gopīs previously mentioned who were friends of Yaśodā. The word apatyam means he who does not cause the family to fall into any sort of suffering: a son who is the object of the highest affection. Because of (anu) her son (apatyam) she was suffering extremely (prataptam). Another version has anupraviṣṭām: she started to enter the water. Though the other women were equally afflicted, they held on (gṛhya) to her firmly (sam) and constantly (anu). They released tears of grief in streams (śucaḥ sravantyaḥ). Tās tāḥ means these previously mentioned cowherd women or the women who were in an indescribable condition. They began speaking topics about Kṛṣṇa, dear to Vraja (vraja-priya) or who had affection for Vraja. Or they spoke topics in Vraja about dear Kṛṣṇa. Or they spoke dear topics of Vraja such as his childhood pastimes. Or they talked about his joking speech (kathāḥ), while sweetly smiling and glancing. But they were in complete lamentation. Or they talked about the powerful demons like Baka and Vatsa killed by Kṛṣṇa. So what is this snake? He will kill it now. They said this to console the mothers. Viṣṇu Purāṇa describes their grief in detail. sarvā yaśodayā sārdhaṁ viśāmo ‘tra mahā-hrade nāga-rājasya no gantum asmākaṁ yujyate vraje divasaḥ ko vinā sūryaḥ vinā candreṇa kā niśā vinā vṛṣeṇa kā gāvo vinā kṛsṇena ko vrajaḥ vinākrtā na yāsyāmaḥ kṛṣṇenanena gokulam araṇyaṁ nātisevyaṁ ca vārihīnaṁ yathā saraḥ yatra nendīvara-dala-prakhyakāntir ayaṁ hariḥ tenāpi mātarvāsena ratir astīti viṣmayaḥ utphulla-paṅkaja-dala spāṣṭakānti-vilocanam apaśyanto hariṁ dīnāḥ kathaṁ goṣṭhe bhaviṣyatah atyartha-madhurālāpa-hṛtāśeṣa-manodhanāḥ na vinā puṇḍarīkākṣaṁ yāsyāmo nandagokulam bhogenāveṣṭitasyāpi sarpa-rājasya paśyataḥ smita-śobhimukhaṁ gopyaḥ kṛṣṇsyāsmad vilokane We will all enter the huge lake of the snake king with Yaśodā. It is not proper for us to return to Vraja. What is the day without the sun, the night without the moon, what is the cow without the bull, and what is Vraja without Kṛṣṇa? Without Kṛṣṇa we cannot return to Gokula. We are incomplete. Where Kṛṣṇa with the complexion of a blue lotus is absent it is like a forest having a lake without water. It is surprising that living there would be pleasant. O Yaśodā! Not seeing Kṛṣṇa with lotus eyes, how could the wretched people continue living in the village? Since the unlimited treasures of our minds have been captured by his sweet speech, without lotus eyed Kṛṣṇa, we will not go to Nandagokula. O cowherd women! Look at his smiling face when he looks at us, even though he is held by the coils of the king of snakes. They remained standing (āsan) with eyes fixed on his face in order to see him. Or they were sitting (āsan) on the ground overcome with grief. Then they appeared like clay dolls, motionless. Or speaking about Kṛṣṇa and fixing their eyes on him, they were like clay dolls, because they had fainted. These women were all the same age as Yāśodā. The gopīs mentioned in the previous verse were young, beloved of Kṛṣṇa.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Kritajnata (Gratitude)Satya (Truthfulness)
Related verses

The elder gopīs hold back Mother Yaśodā physically — she would walk straight into the lake. Her tears flow; theirs flow too. The whole group stands like corpses, eyes fixed on Kṛṣṇa's face, each one privately taking refuge in a story she once heard Him tell. Vātsalya at its breaking point becomes śaraṇa.

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