FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.15.20

శ్రీదామా నామ గోపాలో రామకేశవయో: సఖా । సుబలస్తోకకృష్ణాద్యా గోపా: ప్రేమ్ణేదమబ్రువన్ ॥ ౨౦ ॥
śrīdāmā nāma gopālo
[shreedaamaa naama gopaalo]
rāma-keśavayoḥ sakhā
[raama-keshavayoh sakhaa]
subala-stokakṛṣṇādyā
[subala-stokakrishnaadyaa]
gopāḥ premṇedam abruvan
[gopaah premnedam abruvan]
śrīdāmā nāma — named Śrīdāmā gopālaḥ — the cowherd boy rāma - keśavayoḥ — of Lord Rāma and Lord Kṛṣṇa sakhā — the friend subala - stokakṛṣṇa - ādyāḥ — Subala, Stokakṛṣṇa and others gopāḥ — cowherd boys premṇā — with love idam — this abruvan — spoke .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrīdāmā nāma gopālo
śrīdāmā nāma
named Śrīdāmā
gopālaḥ
the cowherd boy
rāma-keśavayoḥ sakhā
rāma - keśavayoḥ
of Lord Rāma and Lord Kṛṣṇa
sakhā
the friend
subala-stokakṛṣṇādyā
subala - stokakṛṣṇa - ādyāḥ
Subala, Stokakṛṣṇa and others
gopāḥ premṇedam abruvan
gopāḥ
cowherd boys
premṇā
with love
idam
this
abruvan
spoke .
  • śrīdāmā nāma — named Śrīdāmā
    Śrī (fortune) + dāman (rope/garland) + nāma (named). The closest cowherd friend in many līlās. Gauḍīya: Śrīdāmā is the leader of Kṛṣṇa's intimate sakhā-circle (priya-narma-sakhā class), an eternal companion.
  • sakhā — the friend
    Friend, companion. The technical term for sakhya-rasa's hero. Gauḍīya: a sakhā is one whose relationship with Kṛṣṇa is built on equality and unguarded play; the sakhā can scold, joke, even argue with the Lord.
  • premṇā — with love
    Instrumental of preman. Gauḍīya: prema is the final stage of bhakti (sādhana → bhāva → prema). The fact that the cowherd boys already speak premṇā in verse 20 tells the Gauḍīya reader they are nitya-siddha — they did not climb to prema; they descended from it.
  • subala-stokakṛṣṇa-ādyāḥ — Subala, Stokakṛṣṇa and others
    Subala (good-strength) + Stokakṛṣṇa (little-Kṛṣṇa) + ādya (etc.). Named priya-sakhās. Gauḍīya: each named sakhā has a distinct rasa-portrait in Rūpa Gosvāmī's Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi; they are not interchangeable extras.
  • abruvan — spoke
    Third person plural aorist of √brū. Plain speech. Gauḍīya: the sakhās do not request, do not petition; they speak. Sakhya-rasa lacks ceremony — speech is direct.
Once, some of the cowherd boys — Śrīdāmā, the very close friend of Rāma and Kṛṣṇa, along with Subala, Stokakṛṣṇa and others — lovingly spoke the following words.

The word premṇā, “with love,” indicates that the request the cowherd boys are about to place before Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma is motivated by love, not personal desire. The cowherd boys were eager for Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma to exhibit Their pastimes of killing demons and to enjoy the delicious fruits of the Tāla forest, and therefore they made the following request.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Once, some of the cowherd boys—Śrīdāmā, the very close friend of Rāma and Kṛṣṇa, along with Subala, Stokakṛṣṇa and others—lovingly spoke the following words.
Commentary

In this verse begins a description in order to show how Krsna and Balarama displayed power (isa cestitah), mentioned in the previous verse. The boys spoke with prema. Thus under the guise of wanting to get tala fruit for themselves, they actually wanted to get the fruit for giving to Krsna and Balarama.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The first day’s herding cows was described as typical of other days. Now, to show some of the powers that Kṛṣṇa manifested while herding the cows to please his dear friends, a story is related. Balarāma’s name is mentioned before Kṛṣṇa’s because he was the most prominent in fighting. Subala and others were also friends. Śrīdāmā is mentioned first since he was the chief friend in Vraja. Another boy was called Stoka-kṛṣṇa. He was given this four syllable name because it would have been improper to call him Kṛṣṇa. His form was similar to Kṛṣṇa’s and thus giving a similar name, his father thought that the name would produce affection for Kṛṣṇa. The boys spoke out of love for a dear friend, not for obtaining tāla fruit and not for getting the demon killed. The nature of prema is sometimes expressed as a request for a desired object. Or they made the request with a desire that Balarāma and Kṛṣṇa could eat, out of affection as friends. Friend arises because of great similarity in which each has knowledge of the other’s abilities. asmān kim atra grasitā niviṣṭān ayaṁ tathā ced bakavad vinaṅkṣyati Has this living creature come to swallow us if we enter it? If he does so, he will immediately be killed like Bakāsura by Kṛṣṇa, without delay. SB 10.12.24 Thus the boys speak in the next verse with knowledge of Balarāma’s powers. The love indicated here is natural friendship mixed with vīrya-rasa similar to Arjuna requesting Kṛṣṇa’s help while fighting.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The first day’s herding cows was described as typical of other days. Now, to show some of the powers that Kṛṣṇa manifested while herding the cows to please his dear friends, a story is related. Subala and Stokakṛṣṇa were friends. Śrīdāma is mentioned first because of the excellence of his intense friendship or because he was the chief friend. Stokakṛṣṇa was a cowherd with a similar name to indicate his friendship. Or Kṛṣṇa was born first and named Kṛṣṇa. Ṣtokakṛṣṇa was born later, and because he was inferior to Kṛṣṇa was called Stokakṛṣna (little Kṛṣṇa). The word ādi indicates other chief friends like Aṁśu, Arjuna, Viśāla, Vṛṣabha, Ojasvī, Devaprastha, Varuthapa and Bhadrasena. They spoke out of prema, not with greed for the tāla fruit and not for killing the demon. They spoke to please their dear friend. The nature of prema is to sometimes request dear things. Or they requested because they were attached to glorifying his punishing the demons.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Guru Bhakti (Reverence for Teacher)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Discriminative WisdomAparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Ahimsa (Non-violence / Compassion)
Related verses
Concepts
RasaJiva

A close friend, knowing the Lord's strength, also knows what the Lord wants — to be invited into adventures. Śrīdāmā with Subala and Stokakṛṣṇa speak premṇā — out of love — proposing Tālavana. They do not order, do not beg; they speak as equals. The verse is the doorway from quiet pastime into the day's main līlā: a friend's invitation.

Sudāmā the brāhmaṇa-friend in Kṛṣṇa's later life

There is a famous Sudāmā in Kṛṣṇa's adult life who arrives at Dvārakā with a fistful of chipped rice and is greeted as a brother (SB 10.80-81). Tradition identifies him with the Śrīdāmā of Vraja — the same intimate friend, met again in another phase of līlā.

Gauḍīyas often note: the friendships of Vraja are eternal. The Śrīdāmā who proposes Tālavana in SB 10.15.20 is the same soul whose poverty Kṛṣṇa weeps over in adult Dvārakā. Sakhya-rasa does not expire when līlā shifts.

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