Brahmā, the original creator, first produced the functions of ignorance: tamas, moha, mahāmoha, tāmisra and andha-tāmisra. The functions of ignorance had already been established. At the beginning of the daily creation, they make their appearance in various forms starting with tamas, directly from the Brahmā. Tamas means ignorance of the svarūpa of the jīva. Moha means the identification of self with body etc. Mahāmoha means applying possessiveness to objects of enjoyment. Tāmisra means the appearance of anger within the mental functions when one’s enjoyment is obstructed. Andha-tāmisra means an unconsciousness state brought on by anger. This means death. Not present in the jīva, these were created by ignorance or avidyā. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: tamo ’viveko mohaṁ syād antaḥkaraṇa-vibhramaḥ mahāmohastu vijṣeyo grāmya-bhoga-sukhaiṣaṇā maraṇaṁ hy andha-tāmisraṁ tāmisraḥ krodha ucyate avidyā paṣca-parvaiṣā prādurbhūtā mahātmanaḥ Tamas means lack of discrimination. Moha means mistaken identify in the mind. Mahāmoha means the desire for happiness from material objects. Andha-tāmisra means death. Tāmisra means anger. These five types of ignorance made their appearance from Brahmā. In Yogasūtras, Pataṣjali says avidyā asmitā rāgadveṣābhiniveṣāḥ: ignorance (tamas) false identity (moha), attachment (mahāmoha), repulsion (tāmisra) and fear of death (andha-tāmisra) are the five types of ignorance. Viṣṇu-svāmī has said: Ajṣāna-viparyāsa-bheda-bhaya-śokāḥ vastutas tv avidyāyā āvaraṇa-vikṣepāv eva dvau dharmau, tāv eva avidyāsmitā-śabdābhyāṁ ajṣāna-viparyāsa-śabdābhyāṣ cocyete Ignorance of svarūpa, false identity, hatred, fear and lamentation are actually only two functions of avidyā, āvaraṇa and vikṣepa. Āvaraṇa is called avidyā (tamas) or ajṣāna and vikṣepa is called āsmitā (moha), or viparyāsa. Attachment, hatred and fear of death (rāga, dveṣa, abhiniveśa), though they are qualities of the mind, are types of vikṣepa. Not being as prominent as vikṣepa, they are included in it.