FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.87.33

విజితహృషీకవాయుభిరదాన్తమనస్తురగం య ఇహ యతన్తి యన్తుమతిలోలముపాయఖిద: । వ్యసనశతాన్వితా: సమవహాయ గురోశ్చరణం వణిజ ఇవాజ సన్త్యకృతకర్ణధరా జలధౌ ॥ ౩౩ ॥
vijita-hṛṣīka-vāyubhir adānta-manas tura-gaṁ
[vijita-hrisheeka-vaayubhir adaanta-manas tura-gam]
ya iha yatanti yantum ati-lolam upāya-khidaḥ
[ya iha yatanti yantum ati-lolam upaaya-khidah]
vyasana-śatānvitāḥ samavahāya guroś caraṇaṁ
[vyasana-shataanvitaah samavahaaya gurosh charanam]
vaṇija ivāja santy akṛta-karṇa-dharā jaladhau
[vanija ivaaja santy akrita-karna-dharaa jaladhau]
vijita — conquered hṛṣīka — with senses vāyubhiḥ — and vital air adānta — not brought under control manaḥ — the mind tura - gam — (which is like) a horse ye — those who iha — in this world yatanti — endeavor yantum — to regulate ati — very lolam — unsteady upāya — by their various methods of cultivation khidaḥ — distressed vyasana — disturbances śata — by hundreds anvitāḥ — joined samavahāya — abandoning guroḥ — of the spiritual master caraṇam — the feet vaṇijaḥ — merchants iva — as if aja — O unborn one santi — they are akṛta — having not taken karṇa - dharāḥ — a helmsman jala - dhau — on the ocean .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
vijita-hṛṣīka-vāyubhir adānta-manas tura-gaṁ
vijita
conquered
hṛṣīka
with senses
vāyubhiḥ
and vital air
adānta
not brought under control
manaḥ
the mind
tura - gam
(which is like) a horse
ye
those who
ya iha yatanti yantum ati-lolam upāya-khidaḥ
iha
in this world
yatanti
endeavor
yantum
to regulate
ati
very
lolam
unsteady
upāya
by their various methods of cultivation
khidaḥ
distressed
vyasana-śatānvitāḥ samavahāya guroś caraṇaṁ
vyasana
disturbances
śata
by hundreds
anvitāḥ
joined
samavahāya
abandoning
guroḥ
of the spiritual master
caraṇam
the feet
vaṇija ivāja santy akṛta-karṇa-dharā jaladhau
vaṇijaḥ
merchants
iva
as if
aja
O unborn one
santi
they are
akṛta
having not taken
karṇa - dharāḥ
a helmsman
jala - dhau
on the ocean .
  • tura-gam — (which is like) a horse
    Compound: tura (swift) + ga (going). Mind = swift horse. The image is older than the Kaṭha Upaniṣad's chariot. Gauḍīyas: the rider is the soul, but the reins are bhakti, and the driver is the guru.
  • guroḥ-caraṇam — the feet of the spiritual master
    Phrase: guru's feet. The verse's crucial term. Gauḍīyas: ādau gurv-āśrayaḥ — the first step of bhakti is shelter at the guru's feet (Bhakti-sandarbha, Hari-bhakti-vilāsa). Abandoning this, all sādhana fails.
  • karṇa-dharāḥ — a helmsman
    Compound: karṇa (rudder/helm) + dhṛt (holder). The one who steers. Gauḍīyas: the guru is the helmsman who knows the channels; without him the boat of life crashes into the rocks of mental wildness.
  • vyasana-śata-anvitāḥ — joined with hundreds of disturbances
    Compound: vyasana (calamity) + śata (hundred) + anvita (joined). The actual outcome of guru-less yoga — not enlightenment but a hundred calamities. Gauḍīyas: a sober warning, repeatedly echoed by Prabhupāda in his purports.
  • aja — O unborn one
    Vocative of aja. The Vedas address the Lord as the unborn One, then describe how the born — those entangled in births — bring further calamity on themselves by rejecting the guru.
The mind is like an impetuous horse that even persons who have regulated their senses and breath cannot control. Those in this world who try to tame the uncontrolled mind, but who abandon the feet of their spiritual master, encounter hundreds of obstacles in their cultivation of various distressful practices. O unborn Lord, they are like merchants on a boat in the ocean who have failed to employ a helmsman.

To become qualified to attain love of Godhead, the mature fruit of liberation, one must first subdue the rebellious material mind. Though difficult, this can be achieved when a person replaces his addictions to sense gratification with a taste for the higher pleasures of spiritual life. But only by the favor of the representative of Godhead, the spiritual master, can one gain this higher taste. The spiritual master opens the eyes of the disciple to the wonders of the transcendental realm, as indicated in the Gāyatrī prayers by the seed mantra of divine knowledge, aiṁ. The Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad (1.2.12) states: tad-vijñānārthaṁ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṁ brahma-niṣṭham “To understand these things properly, one must humbly approach, with firewood in hand, a spiritual master who is learned in the Vedas and firmly devoted to the Absolute Truth.” And the Kaṭha Upaniṣad (2.9) declares: naiṣā tarkeṇa matir āpaneyā proktānyenaiva su-jñānāya preṣṭha “This realization, my dear boy, cannot be acquired by logic. It must be spoken by an exceptionally qualified spiritual master to a knowledgeable disciple.” Non-Vaiṣṇavas often disregard the importance of surrendering to a spiritual master who stands in an authorized line of disciplic succession. Relying instead on their own abilities, proud yogīs and jñānīs exhibit their apparent success to impress the world, but their glory is but temporary: yuñjānānām abhaktānāṁ prāṇāyāmādibhir manaḥ akṣīṇa-vāsanaṁ rājan dṛśyate punar utthitam “The minds of nondevotees who engage in such practices as prāṇāyāma are not fully cleansed of material desires. Thus, O King, material desires are again seen to arise in their minds.” ( Bhāg. 10.51.60 ) On the other hand a humble, steadfast devotee of Lord Viṣṇu and of the Vaiṣṇavas is assured of easy victory over the stubborn mind. He need not concern himself with performing the eightfold system of yoga or taking other such measures to keep his mind steady. Sarvaṁ caitad gurau bhaktyā puruṣo hy añjasā jayet: “A person can easily obtain all these goals simply by being devoted to his spiritual master.” Otherwise, a nondevotee may conquer his senses and vital air and still fail to tame his mind, which will continue to run wild like an unbroken horse. He will suffer unending anxiety over the troublesome execution of various spiritual practices, and in the end he will remain just as lost in the vast material ocean as he ever was. The analogy given here is very appropriate: A group of merchants who hastily enter upon a sea voyage with expectations of great profit, but who fail to hire a competent helmsman for their boat, will simply experience great difficulty. The Bhāgavatam declares the importance of the bona fide spiritual master in many places such as this verse from the Eleventh Canto (20.17): nṛ-deham ādyam su-labhaṁ su-durlabhaṁ plavaṁ su-kalpaṁ guru-karṇa-dhāram mayānukūlena nabhasvateritaṁ pumān bhavābdhiṁ na taret sa ātma-hā “The human body, which can award all benefit in life is automatically obtained by the laws of nature, although it is a very rare achievement. This human body can be compared to a perfectly constructed boat having the spiritual master as the captain and the instructions of the Personality of Godhead as favorable winds impelling it on its course. Considering all these advantages, a human being who does not utilize his human life to cross the ocean of material existence must be considered the killer of his own soul.” Therefore the first business of one who takes human life seriously is to find out a spiritual master who can guide him in Kṛṣṇa consciousness. Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī prays: yadā parānanda-guro bhavat-pade padaṁ mano me bhagaval labheta tadā nirastākhila-sādhana-śramaḥ śrayeya saukhyaṁ bhavataḥ kṛpātaḥ “O transcendentally blissful guru, when my mind finally achieves a place at your lotus feet, all the tiresome labor of my spiritual practices will be finished, and by your mercy I will experience the greatest happiness.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The mind is like an impetuous horse that even persons who have regulated their senses and breath cannot control. Those in this world who try to tame the uncontrolled mind, but who abandon the feet of their spiritual master, encounter hundreds of obstacles in their cultivation of various distressful practices. O unborn Lord, they are like merchants on a boat in the ocean who have failed to employ a helmsman.
Commentary

"They should perform astanga yoga to make their minds steady in worshipping me." "No, by firm devotion to the feet of guru they easily make the mind steady. This has been stated already: caitad sarvam gurau bhakya puruso ‘njasa jayet A person will conquer all this by devotion to guru. (Sb 7.15.25) And without devotion to guru, even yoga which has its purpose to control the mind is futile. Those who attempt to control the mind, a wild horse which is untamed even by controlling the sesns and life airs, without service to the feet of guru become worried about other processes (upaya khidah), become afflicted by many calamities (vyasana satanvita), and remain in this material world (iha). O unborn Lord, they are like merchants in the ocean without having appointed a pilot." The srutis say as follows. Tad vijnanartham sa gurum evabhigacchet samitpanih strotriyam brahma nistham One, with firewood in his hands, should approach a guru, learned and fixed in devotion to the Lord, in order to understand thoroughly about God. Mundaka Upanisad 1.2.12 Acaryavan puruso vedah Accepting a guru one gets knowledge. Chandogya Upanisad 6.14.2 Yasya deva para bhakti yatha deve tatha gurau tasthaite kakthita hy arthah praksante mahatmanah To he who has as much devotion to guru as he does in the Lord, all the meanings related here are revealed. Svetasvatara Upanisad 6.23

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Hearing this verse, other śrutis speak. We will now praise taking shelter of guru’s feet. All guruship ends in teaching about you. Without his influence, bhāva for you cannot be attained. He is also the cause of destruction of saṁsāra. Merely stopping the mind will not do this. yuṣjānānām abhaktānāṁ prāṇāyāmādibhir manaḥ akṣīṇa-vāsanaṁ rājan dṛśyate punar utthitam The minds of nondevotees who engage in such practices as prāṇāyama are not fully cleansed of material desires. Thus, O King, material desires are again seen to arise in their minds. SB 10.51.6 Without bhakti to you this cannot be achieved. The verse is then spoken. O you who are beyond what is easy to see by being born like a jīva (aja)! Those who give up the feet of guru, even not taking shelter a little, encounter hundreds of obstacles, since by their nature they have minds which are like horses. They try to control by controlling prāṇa and senses, but suffer from these methods. Without guru’s influence they become overwhelmed with obstacles. Even with much practice, they are like the merchant travelling on the ocean with no captain. They remain in the ocean of saṁsāra. They do not cross the ocean. They do not attain you, who are like an island of bliss in that ocean. Śruti in this regard is: tad-vijṣānārthaṁ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṁ brahma-niṣṭham To understand these things properly, one must humbly approach, with firewood in hand, a spiritual master who is learned in the Vedas and firmly devoted to the Absolute Truth. Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 1.1.12

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

“Will persons who follow methods outlines in yoga scriptures with devotion to me be liberated?” The mind is like an impetuous horse that even persons who have regulated their senses and breath cannot control. The mind cannot be controlled by one’s own powers because it is very fickle (atilolam), without surrender to the feet of guru. Those who completely (sam) give up guru and attempt to control the mind are hopeless. This indicates that just a little surrender allows one to cross the ocean of saṁsāra. They become exhausted by their methods (upāya-khidaḥ). This is because you are not manifest (aja). You do not appear to them by prāṇāyāma and other means. But it can happened by surrender to guru, who has surrendered to your feet. They are like merchants without a captain. They experience many troubles in this world (iha). Though they adopt many methods, they neglect the important one: the captain.

Related values
Sthitaprajna (Steady Wisdom)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Discriminative WisdomShanti (Peace / Tranquility)Abhaya (Fearlessness)Seva (Service / Selfless Action)
Related verses
Concepts
Yoga

The mind is a wild horse that even breath-controlled yogīs cannot fully tame. To attempt the taming without the spiritual master is to launch a trading ship into the ocean without a helmsman — wealth lost, lives lost, the boat itself splintered. The guru is the karṇa-dhāra; without him there is only drift.

Arjuna and the impetuous mind

In BG 6.33-34, Arjuna himself confesses to Kṛṣṇa that the mind is cañcala — restless, forceful, obstinate. Kṛṣṇa replies (6.35) that it is tamed by abhyāsa (steady practice) and vairāgya (detachment).

But here the Bhāgavatam adds the missing ingredient: even abhyāsa and vairāgya fail without guru-caraṇa. Gauḍīyas insist this is the verse for those who try yoga without taking shelter of a sad-guru — the merchants without a helmsman.

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