• śiśupāla-sakhaḥ — a friend of Śiśupāla's
  Compound from synonyms. In Gauḍīya hermeneutics sakhya defines a person more than birth does: by being Śiśupāla's friend, Śālva inherits Śiśupāla's offense. The verse is silently teaching the doctrine of sat-saṅga and asat-saṅga.
• rukmiṇī-udvāhe — at Rukmiṇī's wedding
  Compound from synonyms. Rukmiṇī is Lakṣmī herself (SB 10.52.39 commentary, Prabhupāda); the wedding from which Śālva was driven was not a mundane elopement but Lakṣmī returning to Nārāyaṇa. To stand against it is to stand against Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa.
• yadubhiḥ — by the Yadus
  Instrumental plural of Yadu. The Yadu dynasty is Kṛṣṇa's own clan — Bhagavān has personally chosen them as His parikara. Defeat by the Yadus is defeat by an extension of the Lord; Śālva fails to read it that way.
• nirjitaḥ — defeated
  Past participle of ni + √ji. The same verbal stem that gives jaya — victory. Śālva has tasted parājaya at the hands of Kṛṣṇa's men and chooses revenge instead of śaraṇa; the chapter will trace that fork to its end.
• jarāsandha-ādayaḥ — Jarāsandha and others
  Compound from synonyms. Jarāsandha is the archetypal Kṛṣṇa-vairī of Canto 10 — killed by Bhīma at Kṛṣṇa's direction (SB 10.72). Naming his company here marks Śālva as belonging to the line of asura-allies who must eventually be cleared from the earth.

Like a moth whose first scorching at the lamp's edge only sharpens its appetite for the flame, Śālva — once defeated at Rukmiṇī's wedding — returns now with greater force. Saṅga with Śiśupāla has made his envy structural.