• pūjitāḥ-mukundena — honored by Mukunda
  Two consecutive synonym-chunks. Mukunda — the giver of mukti. The Lord who hands liberation is the same Lord arranging the after-dinner honoring: mokṣa-dāyī Himself is also pūjana-kartā here.
• mṛṣṭa-kuṇḍalāḥ — with gleaming earrings
  Mṛṣṭa — polished, cleansed. A small physical detail that locks the simile: their earrings shine the way grahāḥ shine after rain.
• mocitāḥ-kleśāt — released from distress
  Two consecutive synonym-chunks. Mocita — past passive of √muc, the same root as Mukunda. The verse names Him and His action with the same verbal family: He is the Releaser and they the Released, identified at the level of grammar.
• prāvṛṭ-ante — at the end of the rainy season
  Two consecutive synonym-chunks. The classical Indian image of clarity-after-suffering: autumn sky cleared of monsoon clouds, the moon and grahāḥ shining. Vyāsa places the freed kings inside the simile.

After the long monsoon, the night sky clears and the moon and planets appear again, washed and bright. The kings, washed of dungeon-grime and ego-grime together, walk out shining — Bhagavān's mercy operates like the season: the grahas were always there, only the cloud is removed.