• antaḥ-bahiḥ-sākṣī — the inner and outer witness
  Compound: antaḥ (within) + bahiḥ (without) + sākṣī (witness). Bhagavān as both indweller (Paramātmā) and external observer. Gauḍīyas note: this is one of the chapter's most theologically dense epithets — emphasizing that Kṛṣṇa needed no information about the kṛtyā's origin in the abhicāra-yajña; He saw it from inside Sudakṣiṇa and from outside the kuṇḍa simultaneously.
• māhā-īśvarīm — produced by Lord Śiva
  Feminine adjective from Mahā-īśvara (Maheśvara). The kṛtyā is identified as Maheśvara's — Śiva's. The verse does not blame Śiva; it names accurately. Gauḍīyas insist on this clarity: the issue is not Śiva's hostility (he is a Vaiṣṇava) but the misuse of his retinue by a misguided petitioner.
• vighāta-artham — for the purpose of defeating
  Compound: vighāta (destruction) + artha (purpose). The disc has a specific mission — not random violence but vighāta of the kṛtyā specifically. Gauḍīyas note the surgical character of Sudarśana: it does not exceed its assignment unless extension is itself part of the assignment (as it becomes for Kāśī).
• pārśva-stham — standing at His side
  Compound: pārśva (side) + stha (standing). Sudarśana as Kṛṣṇa's standing-attendant. Gauḍīyas read this with attention: even at dice, even in the assembly, even in casual moments, Sudarśana is at the Lord's side. The disc never sleeps.
• ādiśat — He ordered
  Imperfect of ā-√diś (to point out, to direct). A minimal command-verb — not 'launched' or 'hurled' but 'pointed.' The verse's understatement matches the Lord's untroubled posture; a flick of attention is enough.

The judge in His court summons the bailiff with a glance; no command is needed. Sudarśana stands at Kṛṣṇa's side — the implement of His will is never elsewhere. To dispatch the disc is, for Kṛṣṇa, no more effortful than turning the head.