• raukmiṇeyaḥ — the son of Rukmiṇī
  Patronymic from Rukmiṇī. The Bhāgavatam switches from kārṣṇiḥ (son of Kṛṣṇa) to raukmiṇeyaḥ at the moment Pradyumna calls on Mahā-māyā — because the vidyā belongs to the Lakṣmī-side of His parentage, the śakti-line. Naming follows tattva.
• mahā-rathaḥ — the powerful warrior
  Compound: mahā (great) + rathaḥ (chariot-warrior). Technical Kṣatriya rank — a maharatha can fight ten thousand ordinary warriors at once. Used of Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Arjuna; here applied to Pradyumna to mark His combat-stature.
• sattva-ātmikām — consisting of the mode of goodness
  Compound: sattva (the guṇa of goodness) + ātmikām (whose nature is, fem.). Mahā-māyā is not the same substance as Śambara's tāmasic illusions. The vidyā has a guṇa-signature — sattva — and therefore can dispel the lower guṇas.
• mahā-vidyām — the great mystic knowledge
  Compound: mahā (great) + vidyām (knowledge). Echoes v.16's mahā-māyām. Vidyā here is operationally identical to mahā-māyā — knowledge that is also potency, never a separable fact about the world.
• sarva-mayā-upamardinīm — which crushes all (other) magics
  Compound: sarva (all) + mayā (magics) + upamardinīm (crushing, fem.). Restates v.16's vināśinīm with a stronger verb. The Bhāgavatam doubles its claim because the moment of deployment is the verse's climax.

Battered by the weapon-rain, Raukmiṇeya — son of Rukmiṇī — deploys Mahā-māyā, the vidyā born of sattva-guṇa that unmakes every lower māyā. The wife's earlier gift now does its work; bhakti supplies the weapon, the Lord wields it.