• abhyetya — approaching
  Gerund of abhi-√i — to come directly toward. He does not ambush; He walks up. Compare Arjuna at Kurukṣetra: dharma-yuddha requires face-to-face confrontation.
• saṁyugāya-samāhvayat — called him to battle
  Compound: saṁyugāya (for battle, dat.) + samāhvayat (he called out). Formal challenge — the Kṣatriya code. The Bhāgavatam keeps Pradyumna squarely inside dharma even when fighting an asura.
• aviṣahyaiḥ — with intolerable insults
  Compound: a-viṣahya (unbearable) + ākṣepaiḥ (with reproaches). The insults are calibrated — Pradyumna chooses words Śambara cannot ignore so that the asura must come out to fight rather than retreat into his palace.
• kalim — a fight, quarrel
  Kali — strife, contention. (Distinct from Kali-yuga's eponym but etymologically related.) The Lord's son provokes kali to end kali — a structural irony the Bhāgavatam enjoys.

• Padaseva Pr SB 10-55-17 Oriya
  His Grace Padaseva Prabhu· Oriya
• Tamohara Pr SB 10-55-17-25 - 2014-12-02 ISKCON Alachua
  His Grace Tamohara Prabhu· 2014-12-02· English

Pradyumna approaches Śambara not by stealth but by insult — He provokes the duel openly. The Lord's līlā includes verbal challenge; dharma-yuddha begins with declared cause. He will not slay an enemy who has not first been called to face Him.