• yataḥ-tvam-āgataḥ — from where you have come
  Phrase. Standard Vedic guest-inquiry. Even though Kṛṣṇa knows perfectly (cf. v. 24, His own intention to marry Rukmiṇī), He performs the social rite — modeling the Vaiṣṇava etiquette of acknowledging the messenger's journey.
• durgam-nistīrya — having crossed the impassable (sea)
  Phrase: durga (hard-to-cross) + ni-√tṝ (to cross). Dvārakā's island-fortress is so situated that approaching it counts as durga-nistaraṇa. The image of crossing a difficult sea is also the Bhāgavata metaphor for crossing saṁsāra — bhava-sāgara.
• aguhyam cet — if it is not secret
  Phrase: a (not) + guhya (secret) + cet (if). Kṛṣṇa builds the brāhmaṇa an exit — 'if it is not confidential.' Even with Bhagavān, the messenger retains discretion. This courtesy will be transferred in v. 44 when the brāhmaṇa explicitly calls the message guhya.
• kāryam-karavāma — (what) work may We do
  Phrase: kārya (to be done) + karavāma (1st person plural optative of √kṛ). Kṛṣṇa speaks in royal plural and offers His own service to the brāhmaṇa. The omnipotent Lord asks the priest 'what shall We do for you?' — Vaiṣṇava theology in one inquiry.

Kṛṣṇa asks the messenger his errand the way a host asks a long-traveled guest 'what may we do?' — His omniscience already knows; His courtesy still asks. The Lord makes room for the brāhmaṇa to deliver his charge as a free agent, not as a transparent vessel. Even Bhagavān's knowing is hospitable.