• dhanuṣaḥ-sthānam — the place of the bow
  Contiguous: dhanuṣa (bow) + sthāna (place). He asks where it is. Gauḍīya note: He knows already, of course — the asking is līlā, drawing the Mathurā-vāsīs into participation. Bhagavān stages even His own omniscience.
• acyutaḥ — the infallible Supreme Lord
  The same name used at Kubjā's straightening (verse 7) is used again as He approaches the bow. The Bhāgavata is binding the two events: the same Acyuta who lifted Kubjā will lift and snap Kaṁsa's bow.
• aindram — of Lord Indra (or like Indra's)
  Possessive adjective of indra. The bow is Indra-class — meant for kings. Gauḍīya note: aiśvarya-grade weapons are about to fall before the simple hands of the cowherd Lord.
• adbhutam — amazing
  From a + √bhū — that which makes one say 'oh.' The Bhāgavata pre-names the scene as adbhuta-rasa. Rūpa Gosvāmī enumerates adbhuta as one of the seven auxiliary rasas; the chapter is staging it for the reader.
• praviṣṭaḥ — entering
  Past participle of pra + √viś. He enters the arena. The Lord's entries are themselves marked events in the Bhāgavata — He never merely arrives; He praviśati, He penetrates the scene.

A surgeon asking directions to the operating theatre — He has come for one purpose, and even the city-folk's worship cannot delay it. The bow at the dhanur-yāga is the next item on the divine agenda; everything else, however sweet, must wait.