Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.41.46
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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kāraṇam-param
—
the ultimate cause
Compound noun-phrase: kāraṇa (cause) + para (ultimate). Echoes Brahma-saṁhitā 5.1 — sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam, Kṛṣṇa as the cause of all causes. Gauḍīyas: kāraṇa-tattva is one of the central tattvas the Bhāgavatam ascribes to Bhagavān; Sudāmā confesses it at his doorstep.
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avatīrṇau
—
having descended
Dual past participle of ava + √tṝ — to descend, cross down. The technical term for avatāra. Sudāmā uses it confidently — he knows the two figures before him are not just brothers but the descended Cause. Gauḍīyas: avatāra-tattva is right-knowledge, not myth.
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aṁśena
—
with Your plenary portions
Instrumental of aṁśa — portion, expansion. Bhagavān descends with His parikara — Yadus, gopas, gopīs, weapons. Gauḍīya doctrine: avatāra is never solitary; the parikara descends with the Person. The līlā arrives as a whole society.
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kṣemāya
—
for benefit, for welfare
Dative of kṣema — welfare, security. The purpose-pad of avatāra, paired in this verse with bhavāya (prosperity). Gauḍīyas note: Bhagavān does not descend to redeem an abstract cosmos; He descends for the kṣema of His devotees, specifically. The dative is personal, not generic.
“Why are you praising us, the two sons of Nanda?” He answers with this verse. It is well known from scripture (kila) that you two are the cause of the temporary universe starting with mahat-tattva and other elements. But more than being the cause as puruṣāvatāras, you are supreme as Svayam Bhagavān in Mathurā. You have appeared along with your associates the cowherds and the Yādavas. The singular (aṁśena) is used to represent one class of beings. Or you two are the cause of the universe by your expansion. yasyāṁśāṁśāṁśa-bhāgena viśvotpatti-layodayāḥ bhavanti kila viśvātmaṁs taṁ tvādyāhaṁ gatiṁ gatā O Soul of all that be, the creation, maintenance and destruction of the universe are all carried out by a fraction of an expansion of an expansion of your expansion. Today I have come to take shelter of you, the Supreme Lord. SB 10.85.31 The repetition of the word ca indicates that fearlessness in this life and the next (kṣemāya) and prosperity are the two principle purposes of their appearance.
Sudāmā's hands have just held Kṛṣṇa's feet — and his words rise immediately into cosmology: 'You are the cause of the universe.' Bhakti compresses theology into thirty seconds at the doorstep; what philosophers labor over for lifetimes, the garland-maker says while drying his hands.
My note
Source: vedabase.io