FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.16.34

అనుగ్రహోఽయం భవత: కృతో హి నో దణ్డోఽసతాం తే ఖలు కల్మషాపహ: । యద్ దన్దశూకత్వమముష్య దేహిన: క్రోధోఽపి తేఽనుగ్రహ ఏవ సమ్మత: ॥ ౩౪ ॥
anugraho ’yaṁ bhavataḥ kṛto hi no
[anugraho ’yam bhavatah krito hi no]
daṇḍo ’satāṁ te khalu kalmaṣāpahaḥ
[dando ’sataam te khalu kalmashaapahah]
yad dandaśūkatvam amuṣya dehinaḥ
[yad dandashookatvam amushya dehinah]
krodho ’pi te ’nugraha eva sammataḥ
[krodho ’pi te ’nugraha eva sammatah]
anugrahaḥ — mercy ayam — this bhavataḥ — by You kṛtaḥ — done hi — indeed naḥ — to us daṇḍaḥ — punishment asatām — of the evil te — by You khalu — indeed kalmaṣa - apahaḥ — the dispelling of their contamination yat — because dandaśūkatvam — the condition of appearing as a serpent amuṣya — of this Kāliya dehinaḥ — the conditioned soul krodhaḥ — anger api — even te — Your anugrahaḥ — as mercy eva — actually sammataḥ — is accepted .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
anugraho ’yaṁ bhavataḥ kṛto hi no
anugrahaḥ
mercy
ayam
this
bhavataḥ
by You
kṛtaḥ
done
hi
indeed
daṇḍo ’satāṁ te khalu kalmaṣāpahaḥ
yad dandaśūkatvam amuṣya dehinaḥ
naḥ
to us
daṇḍaḥ
punishment
krodho ’pi te ’nugraha eva sammataḥ
asatām
of the evil
te
by You
khalu
indeed
kalmaṣa - apahaḥ
the dispelling of their contamination
yat
because
dandaśūkatvam
the condition of appearing as a serpent
amuṣya
of this Kāliya
dehinaḥ
the conditioned soul
krodhaḥ
anger
api
even
te
Your
anugrahaḥ
as mercy
eva
actually
sammataḥ
is accepted .
  • anugrahaḥ — mercy
    From anu + √grah — to take with favor. The Vaiṣṇava counterpart to nigraha. The verse's whole rhetorical move is the identification of nigraha with anugraha — a Gauḍīya theological signature.
  • kalmaṣa - apahaḥ — remover of contamination
    Compound: kalmaṣa (sin, dirt) + apaha (taking away). Bhagavān's daṇḍa removes pāpa. Gauḍīya: prāyaścitta from the Lord's hand is more cleansing than any voluntary austerity.
  • dandaśūkatvam — the state of being a snake (a biter)
    From danda + śūka — one who bites. The serpent-body is itself the karmic consequence of prior anger. Gauḍīya: forms are not arbitrary — even a snake's coil records previous bhāva.
  • krodhaḥ - api - te - anugrahaḥ — even Your anger is mercy
    The chapter's most-quoted line. The Vaiṣṇava axiom: Bhagavān has no kāma-mūla-krodha; what looks like His anger is the operation of His mercy on the surrendered.
What You have done here is actually mercy for us, since the punishment You give to the wicked certainly drives away all their contamination. Indeed, because this conditioned soul, our husband, is so sinful that he has assumed the body of a serpent, Your anger toward him is obviously to be understood as Your mercy.

Śrīla Madhvācārya points out in this connection that when a pious person suffers in this world, he realizes, “The punishment the Supreme Lord is meting out to me is actually His causeless mercy.” Envious persons, however, even after being punished by the Lord for their purification, continue to envy Him and be resentful, and this attitude is the reason for their continued failure to understand the Absolute Truth.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
What You have done here is actually mercy for us, since the punishment You give to the wicked certainly drives away all their contamination. Indeed, because this conditioned soul, our husband, is so sinful that he has assumed the body of a serpent, Your anger toward him is obviously to be understood as Your mercy.
Commentary

"Thus your punishment is actually mercy to us. This punishment relieves us of numerous old sins. Because of this sin (yat), our husband attained the body of a snake and in that body displayed anger and other bad qualities."

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Certainly (hi) this punishment that we see is your mercy to us, since your punishment destroys the sins of the sinful. Because of his sins, this person, receiving bodies because of karma (dehinaḥ), has become a snake. Since he will attain liberation by complete absorption in you (with anger), he will give up his snake body. This is your mercy. Thus, even if he shows anger, that is also your mercy. Or, though the sins of the sinful are destroyed, you do not punish them, since you permitted (sammataḥ) him to receive a snake body for the purpose of giving him mercy. Though anger is his nature, it was become a cause of your mercy, arranged by you. He has participated in your pastimes by wrapping you in his coils and by not bowing his heads, so you could dance on them in joy.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Expressed in the masculine, the wives indicate that they are with Kāliya. You are merciful to us because (hi) punishment of the wicked certainly (khalu) destroys their sin. Dehinaḥ means “of one who has accepted a body.” Even (eva) his anger is mercy, not punishment. This is acknowledged completely, by us and the wise (sammataḥ). Or you show mercy to us because punishment of the wicked uproots their bad desires completely. That is directly experienced by us. Taking away the offensive snake body of Kāliya who identified with his body (dehinaḥ) is seen. By surrender and appearance of intelligence, even anger, the cause of punishment, is mercy. Or taking way the sins is not punishment performed by you. Because (yad) he received a snake body, his anger, which is the nature of a snake, is a cause of mercy, approved by you. You remained in his coils and you danced in joy on his hoods raised in anger.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Kritajnata (Gratitude)Kartavya (Duty / Responsibility)Satya (Truthfulness)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Yajña (Sacrifice / Spirit of Offering)
Related verses

'What looks like Your anger is actually Your mercy.' The wives turn the entire framework: chastisement IS anugraha. Whatever cleans the soul of its contamination — even pain — is favor. The acintya-bhedābheda principle stretched to ethics: Your harshness and Your kindness are not two things.

Hiraṇyakaśipu's death as anugraha (SB 7.8)

When Lord Nṛsiṁha tore Hiraṇyakaśipu apart, the asura's son Prahlāda did not mourn his father — he saw the killing as the highest mercy. Vaiṣṇava ācāryas (especially Śrīdhara Svāmī, much followed in the Gauḍīya line) read Nṛsiṁha's nails as instruments of liberation, not destruction.

The Nāga-patnīs are reading their husband's beating through the same lens. Daṇḍa from Bhagavān is anugraha; only the unillumined see it as punishment.

📝 My note

← Read full Chapter 16