Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.15.5
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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deva-vara
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O best of Lords (Balarāma)
deva (lord) + vara (best). Kṛṣṇa addresses Balarāma. Gauḍīya etiquette: even the original Person uses honorifics with His elder. Balarāma is the ādi-deva from whom catur-vyūha and all subsequent expansions emerge.
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pāda-ambujam
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the lotus feet
pāda (feet) + ambuja (lotus, water-born). Standard Vaiṣṇava compound; the foot is named lotus because both rise from water (saṁsāra/lake) yet remain unstained. Gauḍīya: pāda-ambuja is the singular object of bhakti — the practice begins and ends at the feet.
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tamaḥ
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darkness of ignorance
The mode of inertia and forgetfulness. The trees were born under tamas. Gauḍīya: tamas can be burned only by Bhagavān's contact — śravaṇam, darśanam, pāda-sparśam. The trees offer fruits to attain pāda-sparśa.
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taru-janma
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birth as trees
taru (tree) + janma (birth). The verse's most striking phrase: the trees are aware that tree-birth is bondage. Gauḍīya: even immobile beings in Vraja are conscious devotees aware of their condition; consciousness is universal, gradation is by śarīra.
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sumanaḥ phala arhaṇam
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offerings of flowers and fruits
sumanas (flower) + phala (fruit) + arhaṇa (worship-offering). The classical pūjā materials. Gauḍīyas: the trees are doing arcanā with their own bodies' yield — the highest form of dravya-sevā, since the offering is born of one's own substance.
The trees of Vṛndāvana were thinking that because of past offenses they had now taken birth as trees and, being immovable, could not accompany Lord Kṛṣṇa in His wanderings throughout the Vṛndāvana area. In fact, all the creatures of Vṛndāvana, including the trees and cows, were great souls who could personally associate with the Supreme Personality of Godhead. But because of ecstatic sentiments of separation, the trees considered themselves in ignorance and thus tried to purify themselves by bowing down at the lotus feet of Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma. Lord Kṛṣṇa understanding their mentality, simultaneously glanced at them with affection and praised their devotional service before His older brother, Balarāma.
Knowing the minds of the trees who wanted to worship his own lotus feet, Krsna, glancing at the trees, spoke to Balarama about their glories as great devotees. "Holding on their heads gifts of fruits and flowers, they are bowing down to your lotus feet with devotion. Why? They bow to purify themselves of offenses, which had caused them to take birth as trees." "Because we have committed such great offenses, we have become trees and cannot approach Krsna." Krsna in this way interprets the trees’words, stemming from their attraction to Krsna. However, since Brahma prayed to be born as a tree in Vraja, the trees there could not have been born there as a result of offenses.
Aho indicates joy or astonishment. O best of the devatās! Though they are trees (amī), taking presentations of flowers and fruits in the tips of their branches (or on their heads), as worthy offerings, they bow to your lotus feet, which are worshipped by Brahmā and liberated souls. How can trees have consciousness? They have taken birth as trees in Vṛndāvana in order to destroy darkness of those who see or hear about this incident. Or, taking birth as trees, they destroy the suffering caused by attachment to your association (and now being separated) by bowing down. This would refer to nitya-siddhas. For sādhana-siddhas they take birth as trees to destroy their suffering of not having attained you yet, as in the prayers of Brahmā. Kṛṣṇa desired to wander freely everywhere to give happiness to all.
Aho indicates joy or astonishment. O best of the devatās! Though they are trees (amī), taking presentations of flowers (sumanaḥ) and fruits in the tips of their branches (or on their heads), as worthy offerings they bow to your lotus feet, which are worshipped by Brahmā and liberated souls. By using the word sumanaḥ (also meaning good natured) it is suggested that the plants have feelings of love. They are worshipped by the devatās having a predominance of sattva. They have taken birth as trees in order to remove ignorance. Or, O brother (aho)! The trees are worship by those having no death (amara), the best of the devatās (deva-vara) like Brahmā. Even those who are liberated are ignorant, since they are deprived of prema when they merge in Brahman. (Thus they also worship the trees which have the opportunity for service to Kṛṣṇa.) Using their branches as their heads, the trees bring offerings with devotion to the world. They have taken birth as trees to remove ignorance, their bad karma. This is a prayer so that all the plants can be liberated from their ignorant condition. The plants cannot approach you like the animals and birds, which are mobile. Or they bow down with their branches to remove their (ātṁanaḥ) lamentable condition (tamas)--you gave them birth as trees. Therefore they should always have your association.
A condemned prisoner, hearing the king will pass by, hangs his only valuables on the gate — knowing the king's glance is the only path out. The trees of Vṛndāvana, born into the immobile form because of past tamas, hang every fruit and flower they have on Kṛṣṇa's path. They cannot follow; they can only offer. And the offering is enough.
Two sons of Kuvera, drunk and naked with celestial women in the Mandākinī, refused to honor Nārada Muni. He cursed them to be born as arjuna trees in Nanda-Mahārāja's courtyard — until Kṛṣṇa Himself would touch them and liberate them (SB 10.10).
Verse 5 of chapter 15 echoes that logic: trees are tamas-born. But Kṛṣṇa's lotus feet, deva-vara-amara-arcitam, are exactly the medicine for tamas. The trees of Tālavana offer fruits in hope of the same release the arjunas received.
My note
Source: vedabase.io