FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.13.53

కాలస్వభావసంస్కారకామకర్మగుణాదిభి: । స్వమహిధ్వస్తమహిభిర్మూర్తిమద్భ‍ిరుపాసితా: ॥ ౫౩ ॥
kāla-svabhāva-saṁskāra-
[kaala-svabhaava-samskaara-]
kāma-karma-guṇādibhiḥ
[kaama-karma-gunaadibhih]
sva-mahi-dhvasta-mahibhir
[sva-mahi-dhvasta-mahibhir]
mūrtimadbhir upāsitāḥ
[moortimadbhir upaasitaah]
kāla — by the time factor svabhāva — own nature saṁskāra — reformation kāma — desire karma — fruitive action guṇa — the three modes of material nature ādibhiḥ — and by others sva - mahi - dhvasta - mahibhiḥ — whose own independence was subordinate to the potency of the Lord mūrti - madbhiḥ — possessing form upāsitāḥ — were being worshiped .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
kāla-svabhāva-saṁskāra-
kāla
by the time factor
svabhāva
own nature
saṁskāra
reformation
kāma-karma-guṇādibhiḥ
kāma
desire
karma
fruitive action
guṇa
the three modes of material nature
ādibhiḥ
and by others
sva-mahi-dhvasta-mahibhir
sva - mahi - dhvasta - mahibhiḥ
whose own independence was subordinate to the potency of the Lord
mūrtimadbhir upāsitāḥ
mūrti - madbhiḥ
possessing form
upāsitāḥ
were being worshiped .
  • kāla — time
    Kāla — time as a metaphysical category. Gauḍīyas hold kāla as one of Bhagavān's energies; here it stands embodied, worshiping. Even time, the destroyer, serves the Lord.
  • svabhāva — intrinsic nature
    Compound: sva (own) + bhāva (becoming). One's inherent nature — the principle the Cārvāka school treats as the only cause. Gauḍīyas read its embodied worship as the Bhāgavata's reply: even svabhāva is sub-divine.
  • kāma — desire
    Desire — the recurring antagonist of Gītā 3.37–43. Yet even kāma personified worships Viṣṇu. Gauḍīyas note: kāma is not annihilated by bhakti; it is redirected, taught to worship.
  • karma — fruitive activity
    From √kṛ. The principle of action-and-result. Gauḍīyas read karma's embodied worship as the Bhāgavata's complete inversion of karma-mīmāṁsā: the very law of action is not autonomous; it serves Viṣṇu.
  • sva-mahi-dhvasta-mahibhiḥ — whose own greatness was crushed (by His potency)
    Compound: sva (own) + mahi (greatness) + dhvasta (crushed) + mahi (greatness). Word-play: their 'greatness' was crushed by the 'Greatness' (of Bhagavān). Gauḍīyas treasure this rhetorical move — each metaphysical category surrenders its claim to independence.
Then Lord Brahmā saw that kāla (the time factor), svabhāva (one’s own nature by association), saṁskāra (reformation), kāma (desire), karma (fruitive activity) and the guṇas (the three modes of material nature), their own independence being completely subordinate to the potency of the Lord, had all taken forms and were also worshiping those viṣṇu-mūrtis.

No one but Viṣṇu has any independence. If we develop consciousness of this fact, then we are in actual Kṛṣṇa consciousness. We should always remember that Kṛṣṇa is the only supreme master and that everyone else is His servant ( ekale īśvara kṛṣṇa, āra saba bhṛtya ). Be one even Nārāyaṇa or Lord Śiva, everyone is subordinate to Kṛṣṇa ( śiva-viriñci-nutam ). Even Baladeva is subordinate to Kṛṣṇa. This is a fact. ekale īśvara kṛṣṇa, āra saba bhṛtya yāre yaiche nācāya, se taiche kare nṛtya One should understand that no one is independent, for everything is part and parcel of Kṛṣṇa and is acting and moving by the supreme desire of Kṛṣṇa. This understanding, this consciousness, is Kṛṣṇa consciousness. yas tu nārāyaṇaṁ devaṁ brahma-rudrādi-daivataiḥ samatvenaiva vīkṣeta sa pāṣaṇḍī bhaved dhruvam “A person who considers demigods like Brahmā and Śiva to be on an equal level with Nārāyaṇa must certainly be considered an offender.” No one can compare to Nārāyaṇa, or Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa is Nārāyaṇa, and Nārāyaṇa is also Kṛṣṇa, for Kṛṣṇa is the original Nārāyaṇa. Brahmā himself addressed Kṛṣṇa, nārāyaṇas tvaṁ na hi sarva-dehinām: “You are also Nārāyaṇa. Indeed, You are the original Nārāyaṇa.” ( Bhāg. 10.14.14 ) Kāla, or the time factor, has many assistants, such as svabhāva, saṁskāra, kāma, karma and guṇa. Svabhāva, or one’s own nature, is formed according to the association of the material qualities. Kāraṇaṁ guṇa-saṅgo ’sya sad-asad-yoni janmasu ( Bg. 13.22 ). Sat and asat-svabhāva — one’s higher or lower nature — is formed by association with the different qualities, namely sattva-guṇa, rajo-guṇa and tamo-guṇa. We should gradually come to the sattva-guṇa, so that we may avoid the two lower guṇas. This can be done if we regularly discuss Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam and hear about Kṛṣṇa’s activities. Naṣṭa-prāyeṣv abhadreṣu nityaṁ bhāgavata-sevayā ( Bhāg. 1.2.18 ). All the activities of Kṛṣṇa described in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, beginning even with the pastimes concerning Pūtanā, are transcendental. Therefore, by hearing and discussing Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, the rajo-guṇa and tamo-guṇa are subdued, so that only sattva-guṇa remains. Then rajo-guṇa and tamo-guṇa cannot do us any harm. Varṇāśrama-dharma, therefore, is essential, for it can bring people to sattva-guṇa. Tadā rajas-tamo-bhāvāḥ kāma-lobhādayaś ca ye ( Bhāg. 1.2.19 ). Tamo-guṇa and rajo-guṇa increase lust and greed, which implicate a living entity in such a way that he must exist in this material world in many, many forms. That is very dangerous. One should therefore be brought to sattva-guṇa by the establishment of varṇāśrama-dharma and should develop the brahminical qualifications of being very neat and clean, rising early in the morning and seeing maṅgala-ārātrika, and so on. In this way, one should stay in sattva-guṇa, and then one cannot be influenced by tamo-guṇa and rajo-guṇa. tadā rajas-tamo-bhāvāḥ kāma-lobhādayaś ca ye ceta etair anāviddhaṁ sthitaṁ sattve prasīdati ( Bhāg. 1.2.19 ) The opportunity for this purification is the special feature of human life; in other lives, this is not possible. Such purification can be achieved very easily by rādhā-kṛṣṇa-bhajana, devotional service rendered to Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa, and therefore Narottama dāsa Ṭhākura sings, hari hari viphale janama goṅāinu, indicating that unless one worships Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa, one’s human form of life is wasted. Vāsudeve bhagavati bhakti-yogaḥ prayojitaḥ/ janayaty āśu vairāgyam ( Bhāg. 1.2.7 ). By engagement in the service of Vāsudeva, one very quickly renounces material life. The members of the Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement, for example, being engaged in vāsudeva-bhakti, very quickly come to the stage of being nice Vaiṣṇavas, so much so that people are surprised that mlecchas and yavanas are able to come to this stage. This is possible by vāsudeva-bhakti. But if we do not come to the stage of sattva-guṇa in this human life, then, as Narottama dāsa Ṭhākura sings, hari hari viphale janama goṅāinu — there is no profit in gaining this human form of life. Śrī Vīrarāghava Ācārya comments that each of the items mentioned in the first half of this verse is a cause for material entanglement. Kāla, or the time factor, agitates the modes of material nature, and svabhāva is the result of association with these modes. Therefore Narottama dāsa Ṭhākura says, bhakta-sane vāsa. If one associates with bhaktas, then one’s svabhāva, or nature, will change. Our Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement is meant to give people good association so that this change may take place, and we actually see that by this method people all over the world are gradually becoming devotees. As for saṁskāra, or reformation, this is possible by good association, for by good association one develops good habits, and habit becomes second nature. Therefore, bhakta-sane vāsa: let people have the chance to live with bhaktas. Then their habits will change. In the human form of life one has this chance, but as Narottama dāsa Ṭhākura sings, hari hari viphale janama goṅāinu: if one fails to take advantage of this opportunity, one’s human life is wasted. We are therefore trying to save human society from degradation and actually elevate people to the higher nature. As for kāma and karma — desires and activities — if one engages in devotional service, one develops a different nature than if one engages in activities of sense gratification, and of course the result is also different. According to the association of different natures, one receives a particular type of body. Kāraṇaṁ guṇa-saṅgo ’sya sad-asad-yoni janmasu ( Bg. 13.22 ). Therefore we should always seek good association, the association of devotees. Then our life will be successful. A man is known by his company. If one has the chance to live in the good association of devotees, one is able to cultivate knowledge, and naturally one’s character or nature will change for one’s eternal benefit.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Then Lord Brahmā saw that kāla (the time factor), svabhāva (one's own nature by association), saṁskāra (reformation), kāma (desire), karma (fruitive activity) and the guṇas (the three modes of material nature), their own independence being completely subordinate to the potency of the Lord, had all taken forms and were also worshiping those viṣṇu-mūrtis.
Commentary

They were worshipped by time and its assistants: svabhava, samskara, kama karma and guna, whose powers were made insignificant by the powers of the Lord (sva mahi dhvasta mahibhih). Time is the agitator of the gunas. Svabhava is the cause of transformation, the cause of an object changing from one state to another. Samskara is that which brings remembrance or revelation.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Guṇa refers to sattva, rajas and tamas. Ādi refers to names and species. The Lord’s powers made these other powers insignificant, since his powers (for instance becoming small) were unequalled, since his powers were the cause of the other powers (for instance the yogī’s power to become small), and since he was the cause of the elements in the universes.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Kritajnata (Gratitude)Guru Bhakti (Reverence for Teacher)Kartavya (Duty / Responsibility)Hrih (Modesty / Sense of Shame)Satya (Truthfulness)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Dana (Charity / Generosity)
Related verses
Concepts
BhavaGuna

Time itself, nature, karma, the modes, even desire — each takes form and joins the worship. The metaphysical categories that the Sāṅkhya schools treat as ultimate are here revealed as servants standing in line. Brahmā is being shown that no principle escapes Viṣṇu's circle.

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