• govardhana-adri-śirasi — on the summit of Govardhana Hill
  Compound: Govardhana (the cow-prospering hill) + adri (mountain) + śiras (head, summit). Govardhana is itself a recurring Vraja-pilgrimage site. Gauḍīyas hold Govardhana as Kṛṣṇa's own form — the hill from which the cows look down is also the Lord.
• vidūrāt — from a distance
  Ablative of vidūra (far). The cows see their calves from far away. Gauḍīyas note the visual mechanics: distance does not dim vātsalya; if anything, distance sharpens the vātsalya-eye.
• carataḥ — grazing
  Present participle of √car (to move). The calves are not stationary; the cows track movement. Vraja's economy is constant gentle motion.
• upavrajam — near Vrajabhūmi
  Compound: upa (near) + vraja. The calves are 'near Vraja' — at the foot of Govardhana, in the pasturage. Gauḍīyas pinpoint this as one of the standing cow-grazing sites of the Vraja-maṇḍala.
• tṛṇam — tender grass
  Same tṛṇa that lured the calves into the forest at verse 12. The chapter's framing word: grass is the small substance around which the whole cosmic līlā has rotated.

Like a herd of mares grazing on a hilltop that suddenly catches the scent of their foals across the valley — the cows look down from Govardhana and see their calves below, and time stops. The līlā that has been hidden in a year of substituted vātsalya is about to release itself through a single downward look.