• brāhmaṇa-arthāya — for the benefit of brāhmaṇas
  Compound dative. Artha here is 'sake, benefit'. The kṣatriya body's highest expenditure is brāhmaṇa-arthe — for the support of the brahmaṇical order. Gauḍīya extension: ultimately for bhāgavata-arthe, for the Lord's devotees.
• kṣatra-bandhunā — with a fallen kṣatriya
  Compound instrumental. Kṣatra-bandhu — literally 'mere relative of a kṣatriya', a term of mild contempt for one born kṣatriya but failing the dharma. Jarāsandha sets up the term so he can disclaim it himself.
• patamānena — about to fall
  Present participle instrumental. The body is falling — present tense, perpetual. Use the falling thing to climb the unfallen.
• vipulam-yaśaḥ — extensive glory
  Compound. Vipula — broad, far-reaching. Yaśas earned for brāhmaṇa-artha spreads broadly across the worlds; yaśas earned for personal aggrandisement does not.

• What is the highest expression of my present role, and am I living it?
• Where have I shrunk from what my position actually demands?

A merchant who hoards gold but never builds a temple with it dies clutching coins he cannot take. A kṣatriya who keeps his body but never spends it for brāhmaṇa-artha is the same merchant in armour. The body is currency only if spent.