FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 9.20.15

श्रीदुष्मन्त उवाच उपपन्नमिदं सुभ्रु जाताया: कुशिकान्वये । स्वयं हि वृणुते राज्ञां कन्यका: सद‍ृशं वरम् ॥ १५ ॥
śrī-duṣmanta uvāca
[shree-dushmanta uvaacha]
upapannam idaṁ subhru
[upapannam idam subhru]
jātāyāḥ kuśikānvaye
[jaataayaah kushikaanvaye]
svayaṁ hi vṛṇute rājñāṁ
[svayam hi vrinute raajnaam]
kanyakāḥ sadṛśaṁ varam
[kanyakaah sadrisham varam]
śrī-duṣmantaḥ uvāca — King Duṣmanta replied upapannam — just befitting your position idam — this su-bhru — O Śakuntalā, with beautiful eyebrows jātāyāḥ — because of your birth kuśika-anvaye — in the family of Viśvāmitra svayam — personally hi — indeed vṛṇute — select rājñām — of a royal family kanyakāḥ — daughters sadṛśam — on an equal level varam — husbands.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-duṣmanta uvāca
śrī-duṣmantaḥ uvāca
King Duṣmanta replied
upapannam idaṁ subhru
upapannam
just befitting your position
idam
this
su-bhru
O Śakuntalā, with beautiful eyebrows
jātāyāḥ kuśikānvaye
jātāyāḥ
because of your birth
kuśika-anvaye
in the family of Viśvāmitra
svayaṁ hi vṛṇute rājñāṁ
svayam
personally
hi
indeed
vṛṇute
select
rājñām
of a royal family
kanyakāḥ sadṛśaṁ varam
kanyakāḥ
daughters
sadṛśam
on an equal level
varam
husbands.
King Duṣmanta replied: O Śakuntalā, with beautiful eyebrows, you have taken your birth in the family of the great saint Viśvāmitra, and your reception is quite worthy of your family. Aside from this, the daughters of a king generally select their own husbands.

In her reception of Mahārāja Duṣmanta, Śakuntalā clearly said, “Your Majesty may stay here, and you may accept whatever reception I can offer.” Thus she indicated that she wanted Mahārāja Duṣmanta as her husband. As far as Mahārāja Duṣmanta was concerned, he desired Śakuntalā as his wife from the very beginning, as soon as he saw her, so the agreement to unite as husband and wife was natural. To induce Śakuntalā to accept the marriage, Mahārāja Duṣmanta reminded her that as the daughter of a king she could select her husband in an open assembly. In the history of Āryan civilization there have been many instances in which famous princesses have selected their husbands in open competitions. For example, it was in such a competition that Sītādevī accepted Lord Rāmacandra as her husband and that Draupadī accepted Arjuna, and there are many other instances. So marriage by agreement or by selecting one’s own husband in an open competition is allowed. There are eight kinds of marriage, of which marriage by agreement is called gāndharva marriage. Generally the parents select the husband or wife for their daughter or son, but gāndharva marriage takes place by personal selection. Still, although marriage by personal selection or by agreement took place in the past, we find no such thing as divorce by disagreement. Of course, divorce by disagreement took place among low-class men, but marriage by agreement was found even in the very highest classes, especially in the royal kṣatriya families. Mahārāja Duṣmanta’s acceptance of Śakuntalā as his wife was sanctioned by Vedic culture. How the marriage took place is described in the next verse.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
King Duṣmanta replied: O woman with beautiful eyebrows! You have taken your birth in the family of Viśvāmitra, and your words are suitable to your family. Aside from this, the daughters of a king select husbands of equal status. Knowing from her words “What can I do for you?” that she was attracted to him, he says her words were suitable.
Duṣmanta points out that as Viśvāmitra's daughter she may select her own husband — and angles the conversation toward that conclusion. Conversations between potential partners are often more strategic than they appear; we should not pretend otherwise.
Reflection Questions
  • Where am I being strategic in a conversation while pretending I am not?
  • What honest naming of intent would clean up a current ambiguous relationship?
📝 My note

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