FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.9.19

एवं सन्दर्शिता ह्यङ्ग हरिणा भृत्यवश्यता । स्ववशेनापि कृष्णेन यस्येदं सेश्वरं वशे ॥ १९ ॥
evaṁ sandarśitā hy aṅga
[evam sandarshitaa hy anga]
hariṇā bhṛtya-vaśyatā
[harinaa bhritya-vashyataa]
sva-vaśenāpi kṛṣṇena
[sva-vashenaapi krishnena]
yasyedaṁ seśvaraṁ vaśe
[yasyedam seshvaram vashe]
evam — in this manner sandarśitā — was exhibited hi — indeed aṅga — O Mahārāja Parīkṣit hariṇā — by the Supreme Personality of Godhead bhṛtya - vaśyatā — His transcendental quality of becoming subordinate to His servitor or devotee sva - vaśena — who is within the control only of His own self api — indeed kṛṣṇena — by Kṛṣṇa yasya — of whom idam — the whole universe sa - īśvaram — with the powerful demigods like Lord Śiva and Lord Brahmā vaśe — under the control .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
evaṁ sandarśitā hy aṅga
evam
in this manner
sandarśitā
was exhibited
hi
indeed
aṅga
O Mahārāja Parīkṣit
hariṇā bhṛtya-vaśyatā
hariṇā
by the Supreme Personality of Godhead
bhṛtya - vaśyatā
His transcendental quality of becoming subordinate to His servitor or devotee
sva-vaśenāpi kṛṣṇena
sva - vaśena
who is within the control only of His own self
api
indeed
kṛṣṇena
by Kṛṣṇa
yasyedaṁ seśvaraṁ vaśe
yasya
of whom
idam
the whole universe
sa - īśvaram
with the powerful demigods like Lord Śiva and Lord Brahmā
vaśe
under the control .
  • bhṛtya-vaśyatā — the quality of becoming subordinate to His servant
    Compound: bhṛtya (servant) + vaśyatā (state of being controlled). The chapter's theological technical term, named here. Gauḍīya doctrine: this is not contradiction in the Lord but His most exalted attribute — He is so free that He can will Himself bound.
  • sva-vaśena — by His own will
    Compound: sva (own) + vaśa (control). The exact qualifier that prevents misreading: He is bound only as svayam-vaśya. No external power binds Him; His own freedom binds Him to the devotee.
  • hariṇā — by the Supreme Personality of Godhead
    Instrumental of Hari. The verse uses the name Hari — He who steals — for the One who has now Himself been 'caught.' The thief is captured by His own love.
  • sa-īśvaram — with the powerful demigods
    Compound: sa (with) + īśvara (controllers, demigods). Even the īśvaras — Brahmā, Śiva, Indra — are under Kṛṣṇa. Gauḍīya hierarchy: demigods are bhṛtyas; Bhagavān alone is svayam-īśvara.
  • aṅga — O Mahārāja Parīkṣit
    Affectionate vocative — 'dear one.' Śukadeva addresses Parīkṣit tenderly because the teaching that follows is sweet, not stern. The mode of transmission matches the rasa being transmitted.
O Mahārāja Parīkṣit, this entire universe, with its great, exalted demigods like Lord Śiva, Lord Brahmā and Lord Indra, is under the control of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Yet the Supreme Lord has one transcendental attribute: He comes under the control of His devotees. This was now exhibited by Kṛṣṇa in this pastime.

This pastime of Kṛṣṇa’s is very difficult to understand, but devotees can understand it. It is therefore said, darśayaṁs tad-vidāṁ loka ātmano bhakta-vaśyatām ( Bhāg. 10.11.9 ): the Lord displays the transcendental attribute of coming under the control of His devotees. As stated in the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.35) : eko ’py asau racayituṁ jagad-aṇḍa-koṭiṁ yac-chaktir asti jagad-aṇḍa-cayā yad-antaḥ aṇḍāntara-stha-paramāṇu-cayāntara-sthaṁ govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi By His one plenary portion as Paramātmā, the Lord controls innumerable universes, with all their demigods; yet He agrees to be controlled by a devotee. In the Upaniṣads it is said that the Supreme Personality of Godhead can run with more speed than the mind, but here we see that although Kṛṣṇa wanted to avoid being arrested by His mother, He was finally defeated, and mother Yaśodā captured Him. Lakṣmī-sahasra-śata-sambhrama-sevyamānam: Kṛṣṇa is served by hundreds and thousands of goddesses of fortune. Nonetheless, He steals butter like one who is poverty-stricken. Yamarāja, the controller of all living entities, fears the order of Kṛṣṇa, yet Kṛṣṇa is afraid of His mother’s stick. These contradictions cannot be understood by one who is not a devotee, but a devotee can understand how powerful is unalloyed devotional service to Kṛṣṇa; it is so powerful that Kṛṣṇa can be controlled by an unalloyed devotee. This bhṛtya-vaśyatā does not mean that He is under the control of the servant; rather, He is under the control of the servant’s pure love. In Bhagavad-gītā (1.21) it is said that Kṛṣṇa became the chariot driver of Arjuna. Arjuna ordered Him, senayor ubhayor madhye rathaṁ sthāpaya me ’cyuta: “My dear Kṛṣṇa, You have agreed to be my charioteer and to execute my orders. Place my chariot between the two armies of soldiers.” Kṛṣṇa immediately executed this order, and therefore one may argue that Kṛṣṇa also is not independent. But this is one’s ajñāna, ignorance. Kṛṣṇa is always fully independent; when He becomes subordinate to His devotees, this is a display of ānanda-cinmaya-rasa, the humor of transcendental qualities that increases His transcendental pleasure. Everyone worships Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and therefore He sometimes desires to be controlled by someone else. Such a controller can be no one else but a pure devotee.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
O Mahārāja Parīkṣit, this entire universe, with its great, exalted demigods like Lord Śiva, Lord Brahmā and Lord Indra, is under the control of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Yet the Supreme Lord has one transcendental attribute: He comes under the control of His devotees. This was now exhibited by Kṛṣṇa in this pastime.
Commentary

Though he possess all possible powers, the Lord, being controlled by prema, is bound up. This bondage, however, being the most astonishing aspect of the Lord, becomes his ornament, not his fault. The lord, by his very nature, though self-contented (atma rama), suffers from hunger. Though he is full in his desires, he becomes dissatisfied. Though he is the form of pure goodness, he becomes angry. Though he is the master of Laksmi in Vaikuntha, he steals. Though he instills fear through time and death, he flees in fear. Though he travels quickly on the vehicle of the mind, he is caught by the strong grasp of his mother. Though he is condensed bliss, he cries in sorrow. Though he is all pervading, without limit, he is limited by being tied up. In all these incidents, Krsna was revealing directly to Yasoda his innate quality of being controlled by the devotee. All of this cannot be explained as simply an act or imitation performed by Krsna. Such explanations have no proof to support them and arise from ignorance. Brahma, Siva and Sanat Kumara realized this and were truly astonished. In Bhagavatam 10.11.9 it is said, "Krsna in this universe shows his nature of dependence on the devotee to the devotees tainted with jnana, such as Lord Brahma." Though the lord is independent (sva vasena), where do we see his independence? In his control of the universe and the devas (yasya idam sesvaram vase) . It is through prema, the essence of the cit sakti, that being controlled by the devotee arises, and this gives rise to the Lord’s highest bliss. That has been explained previously.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

“It is concluded that Kṛṣṇa is complete and the supreme in powers as the Lord. He is without hunger and dissatisfaction. Yet it has been described that he was angry, theft-prone, and fearful, and he fled away, was forcibly grabbed by his mother and cried. These characteristics, being confidential, should be understood to be real by you, since they are a cause of rasa. But how can he also be called perfect and supreme?” True, by qualities, he is perfect and the Lord, but one must consider his mercy to his devotee. Without that mercy, none of the qualities will give happiness to anyone. A person cannot be pleasant if he has a hard heart. If there is no mercy, qualities diminish in value. Qualities which cause happiness in people are good qualities. Lack of mercy is naturally a fault. Such a fault cannot exist in the Lord for, by becoming an ordinary person with faults, he loses his status as the Lord full of good qualities. Ayam ātmāpahata-pāpmā: the Lord is devoid of sin. (Chāndogya Upaniṣad 8.1.5) Eṣa u eva vāmanīḥ vāmāni sarvāṇy abhiyanti: he is full of all auspicious qualities. All qualities come to the person who knows the Lord as such. (Chāndogya Upaniṣad 4.15.3) Mercy produces all other qualities and counters all faults. Therefore it is the chief quality. This is explained in relation to the puṁsavana ceremony described in the Sixth Canto: yathā tvaṁ kṛpayā bhūtyā tejasā mahimaujasā juṣṭa īśa guṇaiḥ sarvais tato 'si bhagavān prabhuḥ Just as you are endowed with mercy by which your powers are hidden, so you are situated as the Supreme Lord, worthy of worship, by being endowed with the śakti of Mahā-lakṣmī, the śakti of independence, the śakti of wealth, all strength and other qualities. SB 6.19.5 That mercy corresponds to the nature of bhakti and is proper since in its absence there is fault. If unconditional bhakti controls the Lord, it is proper that mercy also controls him. By this his powers do not decrease, since they manifest elsewhere. For instance, though Kṛṣṇa was bound up, he showed power to deliver Kuvera’s sons by pulling down the trees. Rather, but the quality of mercy, since it is all attractive, the powers of the Lord double in potency. It is necessary that he is controlled by the devotee. The Lord of Vaikuṇṭha said: ahaṁ bhakta-parādhīno hy asvatantra iva dvija sādhubhir grasta-hṛdayo bhaktair bhakta-jana-priyaḥ O brāhmaṇa! I am completely under the control of my devotees. I am not at all independent. My heart is controlled by the pure devotees. What to speak of my devotee, even those who are devotees of my devotee are very dear to me. SB 9.4.63 The reason the Lord’s heart is controlled by the devotee is because the devotee is sādhu—devoid of other desires. Therefore it is appropriate that the Lord has no other desire than to please the devotee. Being controlled by the devotee takes the form of internal and external actions favorable to the devotee. Because Kṛṣṇa takes on the mood of an infant in response to Yaśodā’s devotion, his assuming that mood is proper. Thinking of this real condition of Kṛṣṇa, Kuntī became bewildered with astonishment and bliss. gopy ādade tvayi kṛtāgasi dāma tāvad yā te daśāśru-kalilāñjana-sambhramākṣam | vaktraṁ ninīya bhaya-bhāvanayā sthitasya sā māṁ vimohayati bhīr api yad bibheti || My dear Kṛṣṇa, Yaśodā took up a rope to bind you when you committed an offense, and your perturbed eyes flooded with tears, which washed the mascara from your eyes. And you were afraid, though fear personified is afraid of you. This sight is bewildering to me. SB 1.8.31 With this intention, Śukadeva speaks this verse. In this way, being controlled by the devotee has been explicitly (san) shown, since elsewhere (outside of Vraja) pastimes with intensely possessive devotees to the extent of being bound up do not occur. Aṅga expresses Śukadeva’s prema for Parīkṣit and hi expresses certainty. Being controlled has been shown graphically by the Lord who attracts the devotees (hariṇā). Independently, because he is Svayam Bhagavān, Kṛṣṇa controls the universe.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

From the beginning of the chapter, or in the way stated (evam), it is clearly (hi) shown that the Lord is controlled by his devotee. Aṅga indicates prema. Though Kṛṣṇa is independent (sva-vaśena), since he is the supreme Lord (kṛṣṇena), and controls the universe, he is controlled by the devotees. This control by Yaśodā shows his being extremely controlled (saṁdarśitā), more than by Brahmā or previously devotees or more than by Yudhiṣṭhira and others, where he acts as the guard, the servant, and the charioteer. No one else could tie him up.

Related values
Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Seva (Service / Selfless Action)Prema (Divine Love)Ahimsa (Non-violence / Compassion)
Related verses
Concepts
Ananda
Kṛṣṇa, who controls Brahmā, Śiva, and Indra, willingly lets Himself be bound by a devotee's pure love — that is bhṛtya-vaśyatā.
Practical Applications
  • Today, name one relationship where you have been performing 'devotion' for results — and renew it as pure service to Kṛṣṇa, expecting nothing back.
  • When you chant or offer food this morning, speak to Kṛṣṇa as Yaśodā's child, not as a distant Absolute — let the personal mood shape the offering.
  • Refuse the impersonalist reflex that says 'God is too great to care'; remember He agreed to be tied with rope, and serve Him with that intimacy.

A general who controls every army of every empire can be 'controlled' only by his own infant daughter — and only because he has chosen this game and written its rules. Kṛṣṇa's bhṛtya-vaśyatā is not weakness or limitation; it is the highest exhibition of His freedom, the Lord choosing the leash precisely because no one could ever impose it.

Bhīṣma's arrow drawing Kṛṣṇa's cakra

On the battlefield of Kurukṣetra, Bhīṣma, devotee-warrior, pierced Kṛṣṇa with arrows knowing the Lord had vowed not to take up weapons. Kṛṣṇa broke His vow, took up His cakra, and rushed at Bhīṣma — because Bhīṣma's love had compelled Him (MBh, Bhīṣma-parva).

This is bhṛtya-vaśyatā at scale: the Lord who cannot be moved by all the demigods is moved by one devotee's arrow shot in love. Gauḍīyas pair the wood-mortar and the arrow as twin emblems.

Rāma binding Himself to Hanumān

When Hanumān returned from Laṅkā with news of Sītā, Rāma embraced him and said: 'I have nothing left to give you that equals what you have given Me.' The Lord placed Himself in eternal debt to His servant (Rāmāyaṇa, Yuddha-kāṇḍa).

Same phenomenon: the Lord who owes nothing accepts a debt to His bhṛtya. Gauḍīya tradition reads Yaśodā's rope, Bhīṣma's arrow, and Rāma's debt as three displays of one truth — bhṛtya-vaśyatā.

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