FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.82.39

श्रीशुक उवाच गोप्यश्च कृष्णमुपलभ्य चिरादभीष्टं यत्प्रेक्षणे द‍ृशिषु पक्ष्मकृतं शपन्ति । द‍ृग्भिर्हृदीकृतमलं परिरभ्य सर्वा- स्तद्भ‍ावमापुरपि नित्ययुजां दुरापम् ॥ ३९ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca
[shree-shuka uvaacha]
gopyaś ca kṛṣṇam upalabhya cirād abhīṣṭaṁ
[gopyash cha krishnam upalabhya chiraad abheeshtam]
yat-prekṣaṇe dṛśiṣu pakṣma-kṛtaṁ śapanti
[yat-prekshane drishishu pakshma-kritam shapanti]
dṛgbhir hṛdī-kṛtam alaṁ parirabhya sarvās
[drigbhir hridee-kritam alam parirabhya sarvaas]
tad-bhāvam āpur api nitya-yujāṁ durāpam
[tad-bhaavam aapur api nitya-yujaam duraapam]
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca — Śukadeva Gosvāmī said gopyaḥ — the young cowherd women ca — and kṛṣṇam — Kṛṣṇa upalabhya — sighting cirāt — after a long time abhīṣṭam — their object of desire yat — whom prekṣaṇe — while seeing dṛśiṣu — on their eyes pakṣma — of lids kṛtam — the maker śapanti — they would curse dṛgbhiḥ — with their eyes hṛdī - kṛtam — taken into their hearts alam — to their satisfaction parirabhya — embracing sarvāḥ — all of them tat — in Him bhāvam — ecstatic absorption āpuḥ — attained api — even though nitya — constantly yujām — for those who engage in yogic discipline durāpam — difficult to attain .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-śuka uvāca
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said
gopyaś ca kṛṣṇam upalabhya cirād abhīṣṭaṁ
gopyaḥ
the young cowherd women
ca
and
kṛṣṇam
Kṛṣṇa
upalabhya
sighting
cirāt
after a long time
abhīṣṭam
their object of desire
yat-prekṣaṇe dṛśiṣu pakṣma-kṛtaṁ śapanti
yat
whom
prekṣaṇe
while seeing
dṛśiṣu
on their eyes
pakṣma
of lids
kṛtam
the maker
śapanti
they would curse
dṛgbhir hṛdī-kṛtam alaṁ parirabhya sarvās
dṛgbhiḥ
with their eyes
hṛdī - kṛtam
taken into their hearts
alam
to their satisfaction
parirabhya
embracing
sarvāḥ
all of them
tad-bhāvam āpur api nitya-yujāṁ durāpam
tat
in Him
bhāvam
ecstatic absorption
āpuḥ
attained
api
even though
nitya
constantly
yujām
for those who engage in yogic discipline
durāpam
difficult to attain .
  • gopyaḥ — the young cowherd women
    Nominative plural of gopī. Gauḍīyas hold the gopīs as the topmost devotees — mādhurya-rasa personified. Rādhā is their queen; their love is the supreme form of bhakti the entire Bhāgavatam moves toward. Their entrance in this verse is the chapter's climax.
  • pakṣma-kṛtam śapanti — they would curse the maker of (eye)lids
    Phrase: pakṣma (eyelid) + kṛtam (maker) + śapanti (they curse). The famous gopī-complaint — Brahmā made eyelids that blink and break their darśana of Kṛṣṇa. Gauḍīyas read this as mādhurya's intensity: even a half-second's loss of sight is unbearable.
  • tat-bhāvam āpuḥ — they attained ecstatic absorption in Him
    Compound: tat (in Him) + bhāvam (ecstatic absorption) + āpuḥ (they attained, perfect of √āp). Bhāva is Rūpa Gosvāmī's technical term — the second stage above sādhana, the bud of prema. The gopīs reach it instantly upon contact.
  • nitya-yujām durāpam — difficult to attain for those constantly engaged in yoga
    Compound phrase: nitya (constant) + yujām (of yokers, yogīs) + durāpam (hard to attain). The verse's doctrinal claim: gopī-bhāva exceeds yogic samādhi. Gauḍīyas cite this against any view that mādhurya is a kind of mystic absorption — it is its own irreducible category.
  • abhīṣṭam — their object of desire
    Past participle of abhi-√iṣ — that which is desired toward. Kṛṣṇa as the gopīs' abhīṣṭa — not a means to anything else. Gauḍīyas: bhakti's prayojana is Him as Himself, not what He confers.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: While gazing at their beloved Kṛṣṇa, the young gopīs used to condemn the creator of their eyelids, [which would momentarily block their vision of Him]. Now, seeing Kṛṣṇa again after such a long separation, with their eyes they took Him into their hearts, and there they embraced Him to their full satisfaction. In this way they became totally absorbed in ecstatic meditation on Him, although those who constantly practice mystic yoga find such absorption difficult to achieve.

According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī, just then Lord Balarāma saw the gopīs standing a short distance away. Seeing them trembling with eagerness to meet Kṛṣṇa, and apparently ready to give up their lives if they could not, He tactfully decided to get up and involve Himself elsewhere. Then the gopīs attained the state described in the current verse. In referring to the gopīs’ intolerant disrespect of Lord Brahmā, “the creator of eyelids,” Śukadeva Gosvāmī is giving vent to his own subtle jealousy of the gopīs’ favored position. Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī offers an alternate understanding of the phrase nitya-yujām, which may mean “even of the Lord’s principal queens, who tend to be proud of their constant association with Him.” In Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Śrīla Prabhupāda writes: “Because they had been separated from Kṛṣṇa for so many years, the gopīs, having come along with Nanda Mahārāja and mother Yaśodā, felt intense ecstasy in seeing Kṛṣṇa. No one can even imagine how anxious the gopīs were to see Kṛṣṇa again. As soon as Kṛṣṇa became visible to them, they took Him inside their hearts through their eyes and embraced Him to their full satisfaction. Even though they were embracing Kṛṣṇa only mentally, they became so ecstatic and overwhelmed with joy that for the time being they completely forgot themselves. The ecstatic trance which they achieved simply by mentally embracing Kṛṣṇa is impossible to achieve even for great yogīs constantly engaged in meditation on the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Kṛṣṇa could understand that the gopīs were rapt in ecstasy by embracing Him in their minds, and therefore, since He is present in everyone’s heart, He also reciprocated the embracing from within.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: While gazing at their beloved Kṛṣṇa, the young gopīs used to condemn the creator of their eyelids, [which would momentarily block their vision of Him]. Now, seeing Kṛṣṇa again after such a long separation, with their eyes they took Him into their hearts, and there they embraced Him to their full satisfaction. In this way they became totally absorbed in ecstatic meditation on Him, although those who constantly practice mystic yoga find such absorption difficult to achieve.
Commentary

When Baladeva, crest jewel of cleverness, saw at a somewhat distant place obstructed from view, the gopis, their hearts bursting in longing, ready to give up their lives if they could not meet him,, he rose and left the room> The gopis then attained an ecstatic state described in this verse. In some text it seems it says rsir uvaca. By designating Sukadeva as rsi, there is indication that he will here reveal the highest truth. The word ca means tu, (but), to distinguish the special position of the gopis from all others. What gopis? Their extraordinary quality is then described: they cursed the creator for making eyelids which obstruct their vision of Krsna.. They could not tolerate the separation from seeing him caused by the moment the eyelid blinked. Though these women had the highest respect for all and any devata, they could curse the chief of all the devas. Such was their intolerance of their separation. This implies anger at Krsna for giving this separation to them (since he is the ultimate creator). Pulling him with their glances, with their eyes as doorways they made him enter their heart, embraced him, and attained rare mahabhava in relation to him (tad bhavam), with at sense of oneness with him "See, I am Krsna." (nityayujam) Or : They attained at state rare even for the best of atma ramas (nitya yujam), the great masters of yoga such as Siva. In this case, there is another hint of anger at Krsna: Krsna will now teach the gopis adhyatma jnana (as in the message sent through Uddhava). Or: they attained mahabhava, rare even to eternal wives (nitya yujam) such as Rukmini.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

With either meaning, Yaśodā did not answer Devakī’s statement. Rather, because she was absorbed in seeing her son after a long time, she did not hear at all and said nothing at all. After she did not speak, Śukadeva the sage endowed with all knowledge (śrī) spoke. He knew the bhāva of the gopīs and Kṛṣṇa. Thus one should firmly believe his words. It should of course be understood that even earlier, for a long time they were thin from experiencing separation from him and were burning up. Śukadeva now describes the arrival of the gopīs who had been brought to Kṛṣṇa’s private quarters by Uddhava. The word ca indicates “not only them but others, the gopīs, also.” Or ca can mean “but.” But more than the others, the gopīs now attained intimately (upa—labhya) Kṛṣṇa whom they desired to see for a long time with complete bhāva (abhi—iṣṭam). Or, they attained for a long period Kṛṣṇa who they held dearer than a thousand lives (abhīṣṭam). Their superior prema is then show. They cursed the creator of eyelids for their eyes because they desired to glance at him without break (pra—īksaṇe). The plural is used in dṛśiṣu to indicate many gopīs with many eyes. Why did the creator not remove the eyelid from the eye? Or because of extreme thirst in prema the plural refers to all the glances. Why were eyelids made for seeing? The long vowel in hṛdī is for metrical reasons. They placed him in their hearts and there embraced him fully (alam), by their free will. All of them (sarvāḥ), though of many different types, filled with pain from long separation, became one with him (tad-bhāvam), forgetting themselves because of an appearance of his clear manifestation. This was rare even for perfected yogīs. Or they had always kept him in their hearts but now they embraced him with their eyes (they gazed at him intensely with the greatest attachment). They then attained the highest limit of prema (tad-bhāvam). This means for a long time they fainted in bliss. This state was rarely attained even by Rukmiṇī and others who were constantly with him (nitya-yujām).

Related values
Brahmacharya (Self-discipline / Restraint)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Discriminative WisdomShanti (Peace / Tranquility)Abhaya (Fearlessness)Seva (Service / Selfless Action)
Related verses
Concepts
Yoga
The gopīs, who used to curse their eyelids for hiding Kṛṣṇa, now took Him through their eyes into their hearts and embraced Him in ecstatic meditation. Inner embrace can surpass outer reunion.
Reflection Questions
  • What inner embrace of Kṛṣṇa is available to me right now?
  • How does seeing as embracing reshape my darśana?

All these years the gopīs cursed the maker of eyelids because His one blink stole Kṛṣṇa from their eyes — now they receive Him not through eyes but past eyes, taking Him through the gaze into the heart where eyelids cannot reach. The mystics' samādhi, decades of practice; the gopīs' bhāva, one glance.

Caitanya Mahāprabhu's bhāva at Ratha-yātrā

When Lord Jagannātha's chariot rolled from the temple to the Guṇḍicā, Caitanya Mahāprabhu danced before it in the bhāva of Rādhārāṇī meeting Kṛṣṇa at Kurukṣetra — the very moment of this verse. He sang priyaḥ so 'yaṁ kṛṣṇaḥ... and yaḥ kaumāra-haraḥ sa eva hi varaḥ, the gopīs' lament that the Kṛṣṇa they meet is the same Kṛṣṇa they loved as girls, yet now He is here as the king of Dvārakā and they want their cowherd boy back.

Gauḍīyas regard this verse as the doctrinal seed of vipralambha-rasa's supremacy. Rūpa Gosvāmī in Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi systematises the rasa-theology that begins exactly here: meeting after long separation, where the gopīs' bhāva — durāpam api nitya-yujām — exceeds anything mystic yoga can earn.

Rādhā's longing in the Vraja chapters

Through Canto 10's middle chapters — the rāsa-līlā, then His departure with Akrūra — the gopīs' love took its final shape: irreducible to mokṣa or yogic discipline. SB 10.47, the bhramara-gītā, records their condition in His absence: bodies present in Vraja, hearts gone to Mathurā with Him.

Here at Kurukṣetra they see Him at last. The text's claim is exact: nitya-yujām durāpam — what they attained instantly is what mystics, even constantly engaged, find difficult. Gauḍīyas read this as gopī-prema's irreducibility — it is not a stage of yoga but a different kind of thing.

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