Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.8.29
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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vatsān muñcan
—
releasing the calves
Vatsa (calf) + muñcan (releasing). His mischief targets the gopas' livelihood-arrangement — calves let out before milking. Gauḍīya reading: the same Lord who 'releases' bound souls from saṁsāra here practices on calves.
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krośa - sañjāta - hāsaḥ
—
(provoking) anger and laughing at it
Krośa (shout, scolding) + sañjāta (born from) + hāsa (laughter). His laughter is born of the householder's shouting — the more they protest, the more He smiles. Vraja-rasa unique inversion: scolding becomes uddīpana for hāsya.
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steyam
—
obtained by stealing
Neuter of stenya — 'that which has been stolen'. The Lord adopts the act normally forbidden by śāstra to deepen His intimacy with the gopīs; mādhurya breaks even ethical category. The Caitanya tradition celebrates this as the heart of mākhana-cora-līlā.
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dadhi - payaḥ
—
curd and milk (yogurt and milk)
Dadhi + payaḥ — Vraja's two staples. The very substances most beloved of the gopīs are what Kṛṣṇa takes. Gauḍīya: He takes from devotees only what they will most enjoy giving — bhakti-laundering by theft.
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markān
—
to the monkeys
Plural of marka (monkey). Vraja's monkeys are themselves devotees (later, in 10.11–13, they participate in Kṛṣṇa's pastimes). The verse: Kṛṣṇa shares the stolen butter with another tier of His Vraja-associates, refusing to consume in isolation.
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upakrośya
—
irritating (and pinching) the small children
Upa-√kruś — 'to scold mildly, to provoke, to nudge'. Gerund. Even the children become the field of His play; no one is exempt from being drawn into the līlā.
The narration of Kṛṣṇa’s naughty childhood activities would be presented to mother Yaśodā in the form of complaints. Sometimes Kṛṣṇa would enter the house of a neighbor, and if He found no one there, He would release the calves before the time for the cows to be milked. The calves are actually supposed to be released when their mothers are milked, but Kṛṣṇa would release them before that time, and naturally the calves would drink all the milk from their mothers. When the cowherd men saw this, they would chase Kṛṣṇa and try to catch Him, saying, “Here is Kṛṣṇa doing mischief,” but He would flee and enter another house, where He would again devise some means to steal butter and curd. Then the cowherd men would again try to capture Him, saying, “Here is the butter thief. Better capture Him!” And they would be angry. But Kṛṣṇa would simply smile, and they would forget everything. Sometimes, in their presence, He would begin eating the curd and butter. There was no need for Kṛṣṇa to eat butter, since His belly was always full, but He would try to eat it, or else He would break the pots and distribute the contents to the monkeys. In this way, Kṛṣṇa was always engaged in mischief-making. If in any house He could not find any butter or curd to steal, He would go into a room and agitate the small children sleeping there by pinching them, and when they cried He would go away.
"Listen, mother Yasoda, to your son’s stealing activities. One day, thinking to steal the yogurt from some empty house, he went around looking for an empty house. Before the milking time (asamaye) he let the calves loose to drink the cows milk. When everyone was running here and there to catch the loose calves, he entered the empty room, stole the yogurt and fled away. Another day when that yogurt thief came, we shouted "Beat him! Tie him up!" But he just smiled sweetly. Smitten by his intoxicating smile, we watched him do his dirty work, not able to do anything, while he ate the milk and yoghurt. He just sat there eating, not even running away, while we stood there bewildered." "In that case why didn’t you just let him eat till his belly was full?" "He is always being fed by you so he has no hunger. It is not a question of hunger. He has a taste for stealing. He likes to steal the yogurt and milk. He does not like it if we give it to him. Being skilful at releasing the calves and at smiling, he steals in two ways ---without our seeing and directly visible. Using his intelligence he finds different ways to steal. Later, one day even before eating himself, he distributed it to the monkeys. When all the monkeys had overeaten and none could eat more, He thought "Without you what is the purpose in my eating? I will not eat." In distress, he broke the pots. Sometimes when he enters an empty house and finding no yogurt, he becomes angry at the occupants (sagrha). "Stay there, and I will come tomorrow morning with a flaming coal in my hand. If you don’t give some yogurt, I will burn your house down along with the elders and children." Saying that he then makes the young children cry by scratching them with his nails."
They spoke in the following manner. Two and a half verses now describe Kṛṣṇa’s fickleness. The first half of the first verse may be taken as one statement, and is explained separately for relishing the topic. The gopīs speak of the first disturbance that Kṛṣṇa causes. He releases the calves. The plural (vatsān) is used to express their agitation. “But there is no fault on his part, since he cares for the calves.” But he does this when it is not milking time (asamaye). “The child has done this out of ignorance. Why worry? There are many people in the house. Can they not prevent it?” They cannot prevent it when they are busy in other household engagements. “Why don’t you frighten him?” When we shout at him he laughs. This describes his bewildering nature. “Why does he release the calves?” Laughing they imitate his answer. “I want to drink milk.” This means he releases the cows to make the people run here and there. “Oh, you are unkind. Give him some milk before he does this.” Slowing they say with smiling brows, “He wants stolen milk, not milk which we have given him. If we give him milk, he will not drink it.” “But what loss is there if he takes a little milk from your storehouse?” He takes the tastiest milk set aside for our husbands. He drinks it all. “It is not possible that an untaught boy can steal from you, for you are very clever.” He has invented methods unseen or unheard of previously by his intelligence. “This is the result of piety of your father and grandfather since he is enjoying what is not given by you misers. Why do you not accept this joyfully, after it is done?” He gives it to the monkeys. Let him eat it with his friends, but before he eats it he divides it up and gives it to the monkeys. And if even one monkey does not eat, since they have eaten enough fruits in the forest. He also does not eat it. He simply breaks the pot. He becomes angry when the gopīs do not follow his order to give butter to the monkeys which have come to the door. Or sometimes, since he has already eaten, he will not eat the stolen goods but still break the pot and blame others. “If you know this, why do you not hide the pots? By not doing so, you are making my playful child agitated.” The gopīs use the word saḥ to indicate that Kṛṣṇa is not present, even though they can see him in front of them since he is now like another person, very gentle in behavior. He becomes angry at all the people in the house. He makes the young children—Rādhā, Cāndrāvalī and their young brothers-- cry and then runs away. Sa can also be a compound: sa-gṛha-kūpitaḥ: he becomes angry at people in the house.
They speak to dispel the notion that they are being bold in speaking about his fickle childhood pastimes, or to create more attractiveness in relating his pastimes. At some time or in some place (kvacit), he releases the calves. This word is understood with all the actions described. While engaged in doing other activities, they cannot catch him. He releases the calves, and they must again tie them up. While the women are busy he leisurely enters their houses to eat the yogurt. He smiles when the babies cry. Or by making them cry, he announces his play to the people. He is very naughty. After releasing the calves he eats the butter with his friends. He devises new means of stealing the butter. Not only does he eat the butter with his friends, but makes the monkeys eat also. He makes newborn infants cry. Or if he does not eat the butter, he gives it to the monkeys, so that they will blame the monkeys.
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- Notice today where you cling to your possessions as 'mine' — and offer one of them, even mentally, to Kṛṣṇa as butter waiting to be stolen.
- When small annoyances strike (a neighbor's complaint, a child's mischief, a broken thing), refuse the reflex of irritation and recall that Vraja met Kṛṣṇa's pranks with smiles.
- Read or hear one Vraja-līlā passage aloud before bed and ask Kṛṣṇa to make your heart a house He would bother to break into.
A clever thief who steals butter and shares it with monkeys, then breaks the pot when the monkeys are full — the act looks like vandalism, but every gesture loosens the household's grip on 'mine' and binds the household closer to the thief. Kṛṣṇa is the only thief whose theft enriches the robbed.
My note
Source: vedabase.io