FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.65.16

सङ्कर्षणस्ता: कृष्णस्य सन्देशैर्हृदयंगमै: । सान्‍त्‍वयामास भगवान् नानानुनयकोविद: ॥ १६ ॥
saṅkarṣaṇas tāḥ kṛṣṇasya
[sankarshanas taah krishnasya]
sandeśair hṛdayaṁ-gamaiḥ
[sandeshair hridayam-gamaih]
sāntvayām āsa bhagavān
[saantvayaam aasa bhagavaan]
nānānunaya-kovidaḥ
[naanaanunaya-kovidah]
saṅkarṣaṇaḥ — Lord Balarāma, the supreme attractor tāḥ — them kṛṣṇasya — of Lord Kṛṣṇa sandeśaiḥ — by the confidential messages hṛdayam — the heart gamaiḥ — touching sāntvayām āsa — consoled bhagavān — the Supreme Lord nānā — of various kinds anunaya — in conciliation kovidaḥ — expert .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
saṅkarṣaṇas tāḥ kṛṣṇasya
saṅkarṣaṇaḥ
Lord Balarāma, the supreme attractor
tāḥ
them
kṛṣṇasya
of Lord Kṛṣṇa
sandeśair hṛdayaṁ-gamaiḥ
sandeśaiḥ
by the confidential messages
hṛdayam
the heart
gamaiḥ
touching
sāntvayām āsa bhagavān
sāntvayām āsa
consoled
bhagavān
the Supreme Lord
nānānunaya-kovidaḥ
nānā
of various kinds
anunaya
in conciliation
kovidaḥ
expert .
  • saṅkarṣaṇaḥ — Lord Balarāma, the supreme attractor
    Lit. 'one who pulls together' — from sam (together) + √kṛṣ (to drag, attract). The same root that names Kṛṣṇa (all-attractive) names Balarāma (one who drags together). Gauḍīyas read Saṅkarṣaṇa as the dragging-back to relationship — He gathers what has scattered.
  • sandeśaiḥ — by the confidential messages
    Sandeśa — message, dispatch. In Sanskrit literary tradition there is an entire genre of sandeśa-kāvya (Meghadūta etc.). The Bhāgavatam invokes the genre: Bhagavān composes love-messages to His abandoned beloveds.
  • hṛdayam — the heart
    Hṛdaya. The seat of bhāva. The messages 'reach' the heart — Gauḍīyas note that effective Kṛṣṇa-kathā always targets hṛdaya rather than buddhi.
  • gamaiḥ — touching
    From √gam (to go). 'Going-to' — i.e. reaching, penetrating. Compounded with hṛdaya: 'heart-reaching.' The words travel by their own internal force; this is mantra-śakti in conversational mode.
  • anunaya — in conciliation
    Anu (after) + naya (leading). Leading-back, conciliating. Bhagavān is here named expert at the art of winning the offended beloved — a craft Rūpa Gosvāmī catalogs under mānāpanaya.
  • kovidaḥ — expert
    Skilled, learned. Bhagavān's expertise is not in metaphysics here but in tenderness-management. Gauḍīyas treat this as a clue: omniscience puts itself in service of rasa.
The Supreme Lord Balarāma, the attractor of all, being expert at various kinds of conciliation, consoled the gopīs by relaying to them the confidential messages Lord Kṛṣṇa had sent with Him. These messages deeply touched the gopīs’ hearts.

Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī quotes the following verse from Śrī Viṣṇu Purāṇa (5.24.20), which describes the messages Lord Balarāma brought from Kṛṣṇa for the gopīs: sandeśaiḥ sāma-madhuraiḥ prema-garbhair agarvitaiḥ rāmeṇāśvāsitā gopyaḥ kṛṣṇasyāti-manoharaiḥ “Lord Balarāma consoled the gopīs by giving them Lord Kṛṣṇa’s most charming messages, which expressed sweet conciliation, which were inspired by His pure love for them, and which were without a tinge of pride.” Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī also comments that the use of the name Saṅkarṣaṇa here implies that Balarāma attracted Lord Kṛṣṇa to appear in His mind and in this way showed Śrī Kṛṣṇa to the gopīs. Thus Balarāma consoled Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s beloved girlfriends. Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī comments that Lord Kṛṣṇa sent various messages. Some instructed the gopīs in transcendental knowledge, others were conciliatory, and still others revealed the Lord’s power. Besides its given meaning, the word hṛdayaṁ-gamaiḥ also indicates that these messages were confidential.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The Supreme Lord Balarāma, the attractor of all, being expert at various kinds of conciliation, consoled the gopīs by relaying to them the confidential messages Lord Kṛṣṇa had sent with Him. These messages deeply touched the gopīs' hearts.
Commentary

It should be understood that Krsna sent Baladeva and Uddhava with messages because they were both his friends, without consideration of their other sentiments of servitude (uddhava) and parental love (Baladeva). Krsna sent many messages not one: some were philosophical, some were apologetic and sweet, and some were dignified. These messages were heart felt (hrdayam gamaih) which could not be revealed publicly because of their confidential nature. Balarama showed his boldness by saying "Dear gopis, I will go to Dvaraka and bring him here even by force. I am not completely dependent on him like Uddhava." In this way he was expert in conciliation (nananuaya kovidah).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Balarāma was completely capable (bhagavān) to console them by means of Kṛṣṇa’s messages. As his elder brother (saṅkarṣaṇaḥ) he was the object of respect. He was learned in methods of conciliation using various techniques. He began to console them with his conciliatory techniques. Since Kṛṣṇa attracts everyone’s heart by his nature, why would his messages not attract their hearts? He consoled them with Kṛṣṇa’s messages because they entered into those messages which melted their hearts. Though they were controlled by unmāda, in verse 9 they asked, “Is he happy with the city women:” They considered happiness to be the happiness of his well wishers and his happiness. In verse 10 they asked “Does he remember our service?” They felt themselves successful just his remembrance of their previous service. Now, they had given up mothers and fathers for him and showed their pure devotion for him by imploring his elder brother (verse 11). They revealed their unflinching friendship with him in verse 12. They proved their completely devotion to him by showing that any women would believe him. They then showed his unsteadiness and ungratefulness (verse 13) and confirmed their unwavering devotion to him. They then indicated that their hearts were stolen by showing how even the city women would be attracted to his smile and glance. In verse 14, because of intolerable grief, they decided to give up talking about him. But the Śukadeva explains that, by absorption in an ocean of affection for him, they then began crying. This is the significance of the word tāḥ in the verse. From the evening of killing of Dhenuka till they went to Kurukṣetra, they are described as being dedicated to Kṛṣṇa alone. Kṛṣṇa himself describes their great anurāga for him alone: rāmeṇa sārdhaṁ mathurāṁ praṇīte śvāphalkinā mayy anurakta-cittāḥ vigāḍha-bhāvena na me viyoga- tīvrādhayo ’nyaṁ dadṛśuḥ sukhāya The residents of Vṛndāvana, headed by the gopīs, were always completely attached to me with deepest love. Therefore, when my uncle Akrūra brought my brother Balarāma and me to the city of Mathurā, the residents of Vṛndāvana suffered extreme mental distress because of separation from me and could not find any other source of happiness. SB 11.12.10 It should be understood therefore that the gopīs mentioned in the next verse are different from the ones just described. According to Śrīdhara Svāmī, Balarāma first consoled them with scriptural teachings. Then he praised them to remove their despondency. Then he described Kṛṣṇa’s mercy directed to them. Then he described with regret various events which delayed Kṛṣṇa from returning. Then he promised to bring Kṛṣṇa back with a believable oath. Then he frightened them by saying that Kṛṣṇa, who held them dearer than a million of his lives, would suffer intense grief on hearing of their crying. Viṣṇu Purāṇa describes his heart-rending message: saṁdeśaiḥ sāma-madhuraiḥ prema-garbhair agarvitaiḥ / rāmeṇāśvāsitā gopyaḥ kṛṣṇasyātimanoharaiḥ // Balarāma appeased the gopīs with Kṛṣṇa’s sweet, consoling attractive messages filled with prema and devoid of pride. These sweet words of consolation (sāma) were praises of the gopīs. He gave praises such as “I cannot repay your debt.” He gave consolation such as “I will quickly return.” He spoke words of prema such as “But the actual reason why I, the beloved object of your sight, have stayed far away from you is that I wanted to intensify your meditation upon me and thus draw your minds closer to me.” SB 10.47.34 He spoke prideless words such as “Therefore please let your own glorious deeds be your compensation.” (SB 10.32.22) Lastly, the words were most attractive because they indicated that Kṛṣṇa was eternally united with them in his special manifestation. Saṅkarṣaṇa then consoled them by attracting Kṛṣṇa with his mind (karṣaṇa) and gave some of them realization of Kṛṣṇa’s presence. He consoled them completely. Thus it was suitable that he would then have pastimes with his own gopīs, as is described next. He could have pastimes with them because he was omniscient (bhagavān). He was endowed with all powers of happiness as well as knowledge of their eternal position as his consorts (other gopīs). Any other explanation would result in loss of respect for him in Dvārakā. Sending Balarāma with the messages was a manifestation of Kṛṣṇa’s friendship with Balarāma. That was proper since they were the same age and from infancy played together. Kṛṣṇa gently hinted at Balarāma’s separate pastimes. Gopyo ’ntareṇa bhujayor api yat-spṛhā śrīḥ: you have embraced the young cowherd women between your two arms. (SB 10.1.58) Balarāma also showed his nature as an elder brother when Śaṅkhacūḍa approached. Without trembling he stayed to protect the gopīs who almost died of fright.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Balarāma consoled the gopīs by heart-rending (hṛdayaṁ gamaiḥ) messages of Kṛṣṇa who attracts everyone’s heart. Kaccid bhītaṁ na bhajate: do not at all be afraid. (Uddhava-sandeśa) Viṣṇu Purāṇa describes his heart-rending message: saṁdeśaiḥ sāma-madhuraiḥ prema-garbhair agarvitaiḥ rāmeṇāśvāsitā gopyaḥ kṛṣṇasyātimanoharaiḥ Balarāma appeased the gopīs with Kṛṣṇa’s sweet, consoling attractive messages filled with prema and devoid of pride. This was because he was endowed with all powers (bhagavān). He was expert at various types of conciliation, making promises and wiping away there tears, such as “My brother will come very soon and please you. By hearing about your suffering and crying he will suffer greatly.” He could do this because he was non-different from Kṛṣṇa (saṅkarṣaṇaḥ).

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Udyama (Industriousness / Effort)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Balarāma comforts the gopīs with skillful words. The Lord's associates know how to console where He Himself is absent — the saints carry Kṛṣṇa's compassion when He seems silent.
Reflection Questions
  • Who has consoled me in Kṛṣṇa's name when He seemed far?
  • Whom can I console today on behalf of God when they cannot feel Him directly?

When a husband sends his elder brother as messenger to the wife he left behind, the brother arrives with words that the husband himself never said aloud — the most intimate sentences travel third-person because they are too heavy to send first-person. Balarāma is the carrier of what Kṛṣṇa cannot speak directly.

Uddhava-gītā as previous messenger

In SB 10.46–47, Kṛṣṇa had sent Uddhava on the same errand — and Uddhava came back transformed, declaring that the gopīs' bhāva exceeded anything his jñāna had prepared him for. Now Balarāma carries another set of sandeśas.

Gauḍīyas read these twin missions as the structure of guru-paramparā itself: the Lord's confidential messages always come through a senior carrier. Balarāma as ādi-guru and Uddhava as sambandha-ācārya are both functions of this same gesture.

📝 My note

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