FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.59.2-3

श्रीशुक उवाच इन्द्रेण हृतछत्रेण हृतकुण्डलबन्धुना । हृतामराद्रिस्थानेन ज्ञापितो भौमचेष्टितम् । सभार्यो गरुडारूढ: प्राग्ज्योतिषपुरं ययौ ॥ २ ॥ गिरिदुर्गै: शस्‍त्रदुर्गैर्जलाग्‍न्यनिलदुर्गमम् । मुरपाशायुतैर्घोरैर्द‍ृढै: सर्वत आवृतम् ॥ ३ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca
[shree-shuka uvaacha]
indreṇa hṛta-chatreṇa
[indrena hrita-chatrena]
hṛta-kuṇḍala-bandhunā
[hrita-kundala-bandhunaa]
hṛtāmarādri-sthānena
[hritaamaraadri-sthaanena]
jñāpito bhauma-ceṣṭitam
[jnaapito bhauma-cheshtitam]
sa-bhāryo garuḍārūḍhaḥ
[sa-bhaaryo garudaaroodhah]
prāg-jyotiṣa-puraṁ yayau
[praag-jyotisha-puram yayau]
giri-durgaiḥ śastra-durgair
[giri-durgaih shastra-durgair]
jalāgny-anila-durgamam
[jalaagny-anila-durgamam]
mura-pāśāyutair ghorair
[mura-paashaayutair ghorair]
dṛḍhaiḥ sarvata āvṛtam
[dridhaih sarvata aavritam]
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca — Śukadeva Gosvāmī said indreṇa — by Lord Indra hṛta - chatreṇa — who had suffered the theft of (Varuṇa’s) umbrella hṛta - kuṇḍala — the theft of the earrings bandhunā — of his relative (his mother, Aditi) hṛta — and the theft amara - adri — on the mountain of the demigods (Mandara) sthānena — of the special location (the recreational area at its peak, known as Maṇi-parvata) jñāpitaḥ — informed bhauma - ceṣṭitam — of the activities of Bhauma sa — together with bhāryaḥ — His wife (Satyabhāmā) garuḍa - ārūḍhaḥ — riding on the giant bird Garuḍa prāg - jyotiṣa - puram — to the city of Prāgjyotiṣa-pura, Bhauma’s capital (still existing today as Tejpur in Assam) yayau — He went giri — consisting of mountains durgaiḥ — by fortifications śastra — consisting of weapons durgaiḥ — by fortifications jala — of water agni — fire anila — and wind durgamam — made inaccessible by fortifications mura - pāśa — by a dangerous wall of cables ayutaiḥ — tens of thousands ghoraiḥ — fearsome dṛḍhaiḥ — and strong sarvataḥ — on all sides āvṛtam — surrounded .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-śuka uvāca
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said
indreṇa hṛta-chatreṇa
indreṇa
by Lord Indra
hṛta - chatreṇa
who had suffered the theft of (Varuṇa’s) umbrella
hṛta-kuṇḍala-bandhunā
hṛta - kuṇḍala
the theft of the earrings
bandhunā
of his relative (his mother, Aditi)
hṛtāmarādri-sthānena
hṛta
and the theft
amara - adri
on the mountain of the demigods (Mandara)
sthānena
of the special location (the recreational area at its peak, known as Maṇi-parvata)
jñāpito bhauma-ceṣṭitam
jñāpitaḥ
informed
bhauma - ceṣṭitam
of the activities of Bhauma
sa-bhāryo garuḍārūḍhaḥ
sa
together with
bhāryaḥ
His wife (Satyabhāmā)
garuḍa - ārūḍhaḥ
riding on the giant bird Garuḍa
prāg-jyotiṣa-puraṁ yayau
prāg - jyotiṣa - puram
to the city of Prāgjyotiṣa-pura, Bhauma’s capital (still existing today as Tejpur in Assam)
yayau
He went
giri-durgaiḥ śastra-durgair
giri
consisting of mountains
durgaiḥ
by fortifications
śastra
consisting of weapons
durgaiḥ
by fortifications
jalāgny-anila-durgamam
jala
of water
agni
fire
anila
and wind
durgamam
made inaccessible by fortifications
mura-pāśāyutair ghorair
mura - pāśa
by a dangerous wall of cables
ayutaiḥ
tens of thousands
ghoraiḥ
fearsome
dṛḍhaiḥ sarvata āvṛtam
dṛḍhaiḥ
and strong
sarvataḥ
on all sides
āvṛtam
surrounded .
  • bhāryaḥ — with His wife (Satyabhāmā)
    Sa-bhārya — Kṛṣṇa goes to war with His queen on the saddle. Gauḍīya commentators (Viśvanātha) read this as preparation for verse 41: Satyabhāmā must witness Bhūmi's prayer, since Satyabhāmā is herself an aṁśa of Bhūmi.
  • garuḍa - ārūḍhaḥ — mounted on Garuḍa
    Compound: Garuḍa + ārūḍha (mounted). Garuḍa appears only when Kṛṣṇa acts as Viṣṇu-aiśvarya; in Vraja He walks. The vehicle signals the rasa-register of the chapter — kṣatriya, not pastoral.
  • prāg - jyotiṣa - puram — the city Prāgjyotiṣa (Bhauma's capital)
    Compound: prāk (eastern) + jyotiṣa (light) + pura (city). Traditionally identified with the region of present-day Assam — a geographical anchor reminding readers that līlā touches actual earth.
  • mura - pāśa — the Mura noose (a barrier of wire)
    Compound: Mura (the five-headed demon) + pāśa (noose, snare). Bhauma's outermost fortification — set up by Mura — encloses the city the way māyā encloses the conditioned soul. Kṛṣṇa cuts both with the same ease.
  • jñāpitaḥ — informed
    Causative passive of √jñā. The Lord is 'made to know' by Indra — Gauḍīyas note Bhagavān's līlā of needing a report; He plays the role of one who is told, even though He is sarvajña.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After Bhauma had stolen the earrings belonging to Indra’s mother, along with Varuṇa’s umbrella and the demigods’ playground at the peak of Mandara mountain, Indra went to Lord Kṛṣṇa and informed Him of these misdeeds. The Lord, taking His wife Satyabhāmā with Him, then rode on Garuḍa to Prāgyotiṣa-pura, which was surrounded on all sides by fortifications consisting of hills, unmanned weapons, water, fire and wind, and by obstructions of mura-pāśa wire.

The ācāryas have explained in various plausible ways why Lord Kṛṣṇa took His wife Satyabhāmā with Him. Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī begins by saying that the Lord wanted to give His adventurous wife a novel experience and thus took her to the scene of this extraordinary battle. Also, Lord Kṛṣṇa had once granted the blessing to Bhūmi, the earth-goddess, that He would not kill her demoniac son without her permission. Since Bhūmi is an expansion of Satyabhāmā, the latter could authorize Kṛṣṇa to do the needful with the unusually nasty Bhaumāsura. Finally, Satyabhāmā had been miffed when Nārada Muni brought a celestial pārijāta flower to Queen Rukmiṇī. To pacify Satyabhāmā, Lord Kṛṣṇa had promised her, “I’ll give you a whole tree of these flowers,” and thus the Lord scheduled this procurement of a heavenly tree within His itinerary. Even nowadays devoted husbands take their wives shopping, and thus Lord Kṛṣṇa took Satyabhāmā to the heavenly planets to get a heavenly tree, as well as to retrieve the goods Bhaumāsura had stolen and return them to their rightful owners. Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī notes that in the heat of battle Queen Satyabhāmā would naturally become anxious for Lord Kṛṣṇa’s safety and pray for the battle to end. Thus she would readily give permission to Kṛṣṇa to kill the son of her expansion, Bhūmi.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After Bhauma had stolen the earrings belonging to Indra's mother, along with Varuṇa's umbrella and the demigods' playground at the peak of Mandara mountain, Indra went to Lord Kṛṣṇa and informed Him of these misdeeds. The Lord, taking His wife Satyabhāmā with Him, then rode on Garuḍa to Prāgyotiṣa-pura, which was surrounded on all sides by fortifications consisting of hills, unmanned weapons, water, fire and wind, and by obstructions of mura-pāśa wire.
Commentary

The umbrella acutally belonged to Varuna, but because of Indra’s superior position among the devatas, the verse mentioned that it was stolen from Indra. Being informed about the activities of Bhauma by Indra, whose umbrella, mother's earrings and jewel mountain were stolen, Krsna went to Bhanuma’ss city with his wife Satyabhama. Krsna had promised to Bhumi that he would not kill her son except with her permission. Satyabhama is non different from Bhumi since Bhumi is her expansion. During the fierce battle Satyabhama would give permission to kill Bhauma, not Bhumi. Krsna took Satyabhama to the battle for this purpose. Satyabhama became angry when Narada brought a parjiata flower for Rukmini. Krsna then promised her that he would bring her a whole tree of parijata. He therefore brought her along, to show her is capacity to take the tree from Indra.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

It should be understood that Indra went to Dvārakā and informed Kṛṣṇa. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: dvāravatyāṁ sthite kṛṣṇe śakras tri-bhuvaneśvaraḥ / ājagāmātha maitreya mattairāvata-pṛṣṭhagaḥ // Indra, lord of the three worlds, mounted on intoxicated Airāvata, came to Dvārakā where Kṛṣṇa was staying. Bhauma had also stolen the mountain playground of the devatās, Mandara mountain, with its jeweled peak. Stealing Varuṇa’s umbrella and other acts of Bhauma are also described in Viṣṇu Purāṇa. bhaumo 'yaṁ narako nāma prāgjyotiṣa-pureśvaraḥ / karoti sarva-bhūtānām upaghātam arindama // deva-sidda-surādīnāṁ nṛpāṇāṁ ca janārdana / hṛtvā tu so 'suraḥ kanyā rurudhe nijamandire // chatraṁ yat salila-srāvi ujjahāra pracetasaḥ / mandarasya tathā śṛṅgaṁ hṛtavān maṇi-parvatam // amṛta-srāviṇī divye man mātuḥ kṛṣṇa kuṇḍale / jahāra so 'suro ‘dityā vāñchaty airāvataṁ gajam // Bhauma, also called Naraka, the controller of Pragjyotiṣa, is disturbing all living beings, the devatās, Siddhas, sages, and kings, O lord. He has kidnapped young women and locked them in his palace. He has stolen Varuṇa’s umbrella which flows with water. He has stolen the jeweled peak of Mandara. The demon stole my mother Aditi’s shining earrings which flow with nectar. He desires my elephant Airāvata. He made his request while offering respects on the ground. That is understood from verse 41. Garuḍa arrived just by calling him in his mind or he was in the vicinity ready to serve. Kṛṣṇa mounted Garuḍa with his wife since she wanted to see the excitement of retrieving the goods, and he wanted to present her with the pārijāta tree. Having her accompany him also indicates disregard for Bhauma’s ferocity. ”She will go with me to the battle and then desire the pārijāta tree, which I will bring back. I will derive pleasure when Rukmiṇī desires it. It is not that I desire to fight with Bhauma.” This is how he felt in all the battles with demons. Indra returned to his city. āruhyairāvataṁ nāgaṁ śakro 'pi tridivaṁ yayau / tato jagāma kṛṣṇaś ca paśyatāṁ dvārakaukasām // Mounting Airāvata, Indra returned to Svarga. Kṛṣṇa went to Bhauma’s city while the people of Dvārakā watched. The wind defense was a strong wind whirling around like a potter’s wheel. The various obstacles are here described as the Lord came to them. The order in which he pierced them is described later. The fortress of weapons consists of weapons used as obstacles (not held by warriors) which on begin touched produced injuries on the body. They were terrible (ghoraiḥ) because they were sharp. Viṣṇu Purāṇa describes the city: prāgjyotiṣa-purasyāpi samantācchata-yojanam / ācitā mauravaiḥ pāśaiḥ kṣurāntair dvija-sattama // The city was a hundred yojanas in length and breadth, piled with sharp ropes of the Mura demon. The word mauravaiḥ comes from Mura just as saukara comes from sūkara. The ropes were difficult to cut (dṛḍhaiḥ).

Related values
Shraddha (Faith / Reverence)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Bhakti (Devotion)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Nyaya (Justice / Righteous Judgment)Apaishunam (Non-slander)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)
Related verses
After Bhauma stole Aditi's earrings, Varuṇa's umbrella, and the demigods' Mandara peak playground, Indra went to Kṛṣṇa and informed Him. Even demigods report grievances to the Lord; cosmic governance has its complaint system.
Reflection Questions
  • Whose stolen 'earrings' in your community deserve reporting to the appropriate authority?
  • Where do you stay silent when reporting is part of the system?

Indra runs to Kṛṣṇa the way a child runs to his elder brother after a bigger boy steals his toy — the king of heaven is not above complaint, and Kṛṣṇa is not above answering. Satyabhāmā riding alongside on Garuḍa is the chapter's secret hinge: the war is His, but the journey is also hers.

Indra and Govardhana

Earlier in Canto 10, Indra had tried to drown Vraja under seven days of rain after Kṛṣṇa stopped his sacrifice. Kṛṣṇa lifted Govardhana, and Indra came down to wash His feet with Surabhī's milk, named Him Govinda, and bowed.

Here in chapter 59, the same Indra comes again — this time as a petitioner. Gauḍīyas note the pattern: Indra alternately quarrels with and surrenders to Kṛṣṇa; verse 41 will close the chapter on exactly this note.

📝 My note

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