FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.45.35-36

सर्वं नरवरश्रेष्ठौ सर्वविद्याप्रवर्तकौ । सकृन्निगदमात्रेण तौ सञ्जगृहतुर्नृप ॥ ३५ ॥ अहोरात्रैश्चतु:षष्‍ट्या संयत्तौ तावती: कला: । गुरुदक्षिणयाचार्यं छन्दयामासतुर्नृप ॥ ३६ ॥
sarvaṁ nara-vara-śreṣṭhau
[sarvam nara-vara-shreshthau]
sarva-vidyā-pravartakau
[sarva-vidyaa-pravartakau]
sakṛn nigada-mātreṇa
[sakrin nigada-maatrena]
tau sañjagṛhatur nṛpa
[tau sanjagrihatur nripa]
aho-rātraiś catuḥ-ṣaṣṭyā
[aho-raatraish chatuh-shashtyaa]
saṁyattau tāvatīḥ kalāḥ
[samyattau taavateeh kalaah]
guru-dakṣiṇayācāryaṁ
[guru-dakshinayaachaaryam]
chandayām āsatur nṛpa
[chandayaam aasatur nripa]
sarvam — everything nara - vara — of first-class men śreṣṭhau — the best sarva — of all vidyā — branches of knowledge pravartakau — the initiators sakṛt — once nigada — being related mātreṇa — simply tau — They sañjagṛhatuḥ — fully assimilated nṛpa — O King (Parīkṣit) ahaḥ — in days rātraiḥ — and nights catuḥ - ṣaṣṭyā — sixty-four saṁyattau — fixed in concentration tāvatīḥ — that many kalāḥ — arts guru - dakṣiṇayā — with the traditional gift for the spiritual master before one leaves him ācāryam — Their teacher chandayām āsatuḥ — They satisfied nṛpa — O King .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
sarvaṁ nara-vara-śreṣṭhau
sarvam
everything
nara - vara
of first-class men
śreṣṭhau
the best
sarva-vidyā-pravartakau
sarva
of all
vidyā
branches of knowledge
pravartakau
the initiators
sakṛn nigada-mātreṇa
sakṛt
once
nigada
being related
mātreṇa
simply
tau sañjagṛhatur nṛpa
tau
They
sañjagṛhatuḥ
fully assimilated
nṛpa
O King (Parīkṣit)
aho-rātraiś catuḥ-ṣaṣṭyā
ahaḥ
in days
rātraiḥ
and nights
catuḥ - ṣaṣṭyā
sixty-four
saṁyattau
fixed in concentration
saṁyattau tāvatīḥ kalāḥ
tāvatīḥ
that many
kalāḥ
arts
guru-dakṣiṇayācāryaṁ
guru - dakṣiṇayā
with the traditional gift for the spiritual master before one leaves him
ācāryam
Their teacher
chandayām āsatur nṛpa
chandayām āsatuḥ
They satisfied
nṛpa
O King .
  • sarva - vidyā - pravartakau — initiators of all branches of knowledge
    Pravartaka = setter-in-motion, originator. The Lords are the ones who started the very vidyās They are now learning. Acintya-bhedābheda openly: source learning from a recipient, without contradiction.
  • sakṛt nigada - mātreṇa — merely by being told once
    Sakṛt = one time; nigada = utterance. They learn on first hearing — the absolute ekagra-grahaṇa-śakti, a sign of Bhagavān concealed inside student-form.
  • catuḥ - ṣaṣṭyā — sixty-four
    Catuḥ-ṣaṣṭi = sixty-four. The traditional kalā-count (varying by source). Listed in Kāma-sūtra and Bhāgavatam alike; Gauḍīyas correlate the sixty-four arts to Kṛṣṇa's intrinsic naipuṇya.
  • saṁyattau — fixed in concentration
    Past participle of sam + √yam — fully restrained, focused. The two Lords model ideal pāṭha-bhāva: full ekāgratā for study, even though They need no study.
  • guru - dakṣiṇayā — by the guru-gift
    Guru-dakṣiṇā — the ritual final offering at gurukula's completion. The bond is closed properly. Bhagavān honors the protocol that He Himself authored for all future ages of brahmacarya.
O King, those best of persons, Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma, being Themselves the original promulgators of all varieties of knowledge, could immediately assimilate each and every subject after hearing it explained just once. Thus with fixed concentration They learned the sixty-four arts and skills in as many days and nights. Thereafter, O King, They satisfied Their spiritual master by offering him guru-dakṣiṇā.

The following list comprises the sixty-four subjects mastered by Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Balarāma in sixty-four days. Additional information may be found in Śrīla Prabhupāda’s Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The Lords learned (1) gītam, singing; (2) vādyam, playing on musical instruments; (3) nṛtyam, dancing; (4) nāṭyam, drama; (5) ālekhyam, painting; (6) viśeṣaka-cchedyam, painting the face and body with colored unguents and cosmetics; (7) taṇḍula-kusuma-bali-vikārāḥ, preparing auspicious designs on the floor with rice and flowers; (8) puṣpāstaraṇam, making a bed of flowers; (9) daśana-vasanāṅga-rāgāḥ, coloring one’s teeth, clothes and limbs; (10) maṇi-bhūmikā-karma, inlaying a floor with jewels; (11) śayyā-racanam, covering a bed; (12) udaka-vādyam, ringing waterpots; (13) udaka-ghātaḥ, splashing with water; (14) citra-yogāḥ, mixing colors; (15) mālya-grathana-vikalpāḥ, preparing wreaths; (16) śekharāpīḍa-yojanam, setting a helmet on the head; (17) nepathya-yogāḥ, putting on apparel in a dressing room; (18) karṇa-patra-bhaṅgāḥ, decorating the earlobe; (19) sugandha-yuktiḥ, applying aromatics; (20) bhūṣaṇa-yojanam, decorating with jewelry; (21) aindrajālam, jugglery; (22) kaucumāra-yogaḥ, the art of disguise; (23) hasta-lāghavam, sleight of hand; (24) citra-śākāpūpa-bhakṣya-vikāra-kriyaḥ, preparing varieties of salad, bread, cake and other delicious food; (25) pānaka-rasa-rāgāsava-yojanam, preparing palatable drinks and tinging draughts with red color; (26) sūcī-vāya-karma, needlework and weaving; (27) sūtra-krīḍā, making puppets dance by manipulating thin threads; (28) vīṇā-ḍamarukavādyāni, playing on a lute and a small x-shaped drum; (29) prahelikā, making and solving riddles; (29a) pratimālā, capping verses, or reciting poems verse for verse as a trial of memory or skill; (30) durvacaka-yogāḥ, uttering statements difficult for others to answer; (31) pustaka-vācanam, reciting books; and (32) nāṭikākhyāyikā-darśanam, enacting short plays and writing anecdotes. Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma also learned (33) kāvya-samasyā-pūraṇam, solving enigmatic verses; (34) paṭṭikā-vetra-bāṇa-vikalpāḥ, making a bow from a strip of cloth and a stick; (35) tarku-karma, spinning with a spindle; (36) takṣaṇam, carpentry; (37) vāstu-vidyā, architecture; (38) raupya-ratna-parīkṣā, testing silver and jewels; (39) dhātu-vādaḥ, metallurgy; (40) maṇi-rāga-jñānam, tinging jewels with various colors; (41) ākara-jñānam, mineralogy; (42) vṛkṣāyur-veda-yogāḥ, herbal medicine; (43) meṣa-kukkuṭa-lāvaka-yuddha-vidhiḥ, the art of training and engaging rams, cocks and quails in fighting; (44) śuka-śārikā-pralāpanam, knowledge of how to train male and female parrots to speak and to answer the questions of human beings; (45) utsādanam, healing a person with ointments; (46) keśa-mārjana-kauśalam, hairdressing; (47) akṣara-muṣṭikā-kathanam, telling what is written in a book without seeing it, and telling what is hidden in another’s fist; (48) mlecchita-kutarka-vikalpāḥ, fabricating barbarous or foreign sophistry; (49) deśa-bhāṣā-jñānam, knowledge of provincial dialects; (50) puṣpa-śakaṭikā-nirmiti-jñānam, knowledge of how to build toy carts with flowers; (51) yantra-mātṛkā, composing magic squares, arrangements of numbers adding up to the same total in all directions; (52) dhāraṇa-mātṛkā, the use of amulets; (53) saṁvācyam, conversation; (54) mānasī-kāvya-kriyā, composing verses mentally; (55) kriyā-vikalpāḥ, designing a literary work or a medical remedy; (56) chalitaka-yogāḥ, building shrines; (57) abhidhāna-koṣa-cchando-jñānam, lexicography and the knowledge of poetic meters; (58) vastra-gopanam, disguising one kind of cloth to look like another; (59) dyūta-viśeṣam, knowledge of various forms of gambling; (so) ākarṣa-krīḍa, playing dice; (61) bālaka-krīḍanakam, playing with children’s toys; (62) vaināyikī vidyā, enforcing discipline by mystic power; (63) vaijayikī vidyā, gaining victory; and (64) vaitālikī vidyā, awakening one’s master with music at dawn.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
O King, those best of persons, Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma, being Themselves the original promulgators of all varieties of knowledge, could immediately assimilate each and every subject after hearing it explained just once. Thus with fixed concentration They learned the sixty-four arts and skills in as many days and nights. Thereafter, O King, They satisfied Their spiritual master by offering him guru-dakṣiṇā.
Commentary

For details of the sixty four arts one should consult the tantras. The two brothers made their guru take something (chandayam asatuh) saying "Please take as daksina something that you desire." According to the amara kosa, chanda means to have desire.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

These two verses and the second half of the previous verse should be read together. First they learned the words of the Veda. The meaning is learned by teaching mīmāṁsa. Along with learning the meaning, one must learn other aṅgas in order to chant purely: śikṣā (pronunciation), vyākaraṇa (grammar), kalpa (ritual), jyotiṣa (astrology), chhanda (meter) and nirukti (etymology). These are the aṅgas. Astrology is used to create purity of time. After learning the aṅgas one should learn the Upaniṣads which are secret, first by words alone. After that they learned Dhanur- veda, since it was necessary for kṣatriyas. The meaning of these works was also taught. They then learned dharma-śāstras, since they assist in all knowledge. Then for specialized knowledge they learned the process of discerning the meaning of the Vedas (nyāya). This consists of studying works based on logic which follow the Vedas: authors like Jaimini, Kapila, Patañjali, and Bādarāyaṇa who produced pūrva-mīmāṁsa and other philosophies. Then they studied anvīkṣikī, filled with independent logic in order to defeat those with material philosophies. They then studied political science, when they became qualified for ruling. Studying in this order gives perfection. Sāndīpani taught them the arts for special pleasure. They learned all these sixty-four arts in sixty-four days and nights. The arts are listed by Śrīdhara Svāmī. Their essence will be described. They are as follows. (1) gītam, singing: how to compose songs, using svārajati and rāgas, various rhythms, and perception of elements which nourish or destroy the music. (2) vādyam, playing on musical instruments of four types, using rāgas, tālas as with singing. This will apply to other arts as well. (3) nṛtyam, dancing; (4) nāṭyam, drama; (5) ālekhyam, painting; (6) viśeṣaka-cchedyam, painting the face and body with colored unguents and cosmetics; (7) taṇḍula-kusuma-bali-vikārāḥ, preparing auspicious designs on the floor with rice and flowers used in worship; (8) puṣpāstaraṇam, making a bed of flowers; (9) daśana-vasanāṅga-rāgāḥ, coloring one’s teeth, clothes and limbs; (10) maṇi-bhūmikā-karma, inlaying a floor with jewels, as in the hall made by Maya for the Pāṇḍavas; (11) śayyā-racanam, making beds; (12) udaka-vādyam, ringing waterpots or making music in vessels established in water bodies; (13) udaka-ghātaḥ, the art of solidifying water; (14) citra-yogāḥ, methods of displaying amazing feats; (15) mālya-grathana-vikalpāḥ, preparing garlands; (16) śekharāpīḍa-yojanam, setting a helmet on the head; (17) nepathya-yogāḥ, putting on apparel in a dressing room; (18) karṇa-patra-bhaṅgāḥ, decorating the earlobe; (19) sugandha-yuktiḥ, applying perfumes; (20) bhūṣaṇa-yojanam, decorating with jewelry; (21) aindrajālam, magic; (22) kaucumāra-yogaḥ, the art of disguise; (23) hasta-lāghavam, sleight of hand; (24) citra-śākāpūpa-bhakṣya-vikāra-kriyaḥ, preparing varieties of vegetables, cake and other delicious food; (25) pānaka-rasa-rāgāsava-yojanam, preparing palatable drinks of various colors and preparing liquors; (26) sūcī-vāya-karma, needlework and weaving; (27) sūtra-krīḍā, making puppets dance by manipulating thin threads; ( (28) prahelikā, making puzzles with hidden meanings; (29) pratimālā, creating imitations of articles; (30) durvacaka-yogāḥ, uttering statements difficult for others to express; (31) pustaka-vācanam, quickily producing and speaking descriptions that do not exist; (32) nāṭikākhyāyikā-darśanam, knowledge of the scriptures on dramatic performance and writing them as well; (33) kāvya-samasyā-pūraṇam, completing verses whose portions are abbreviated or enigmatic, difficult to complete immediately, by substituting portions of the verse with another portion; (34) paṭṭikā-vetra-bāṇa-vikalpāḥ, making arrows and whips from flattened threads; (35) tarku-karma, spinning with a spindle; (36) takṣaṇam, carpentry; (37) vāstu-vidyā, preparing the ground and building houses; (38) raupya-ratna-parīkṣā, understanding real and fake silver and jewels; (39) dhātu-vādaḥ, producing metals like gold; (40) maṇi-rāga-jñānam, changing the color of jewels; (41) ākara-jñānam, detecting presence of jewels by looking at the earth; (42) vṛkṣāyur-veda-yogāḥ, herbal medicine; (43) meṣa-kukkuṭa-lāvaka-yuddha-vidhiḥ, the art of training and engaging rams, cocks and quails in fighting; (44) śuka-śārikā-pralāpanam, knowledge of how to train male and female parrots to speak; (45) utsādanam, giving up attachment to another person by using mantra; (46) keśa-mārjana-kauśalam, hairdressing; (47) akṣara-muṣṭikā-kathanam, telling what is what is hidden in another’s fist; (48) mlecchita-kutarka-vikalpāḥ, knowledge of various foreign languages, their conditions and scriptures; (49) deśa-bhāṣā-jñānam, knowledge of provincial dialects; (50) puṣpa-śakaṭikā-nirmiti-jñānam, knowledge of how to build toy carts with flowers; (51) yantra-mātṛkā, composing magic squares, arrangements of numbers adding up to the same total in all directions; (52) dhāraṇa-mātṛkā, the use of amulets; (53) saṁpāṭyam, cutting diamonds and other gems; (54) mānasī-kāvya-kriyā, composing verses which read other’s thoughts; (55) kriyā-vikalpāḥ, accomplishing in various ways one particular act; (56) chalitaka-yogāḥ, methods of cheating others; (57) abhidhāna-koṣa-cchando-jñānam, lexicography and the knowledge of poetic meters; (58) vastra-gopanam, making cotton cloth appear to be silk; (59) dyūta-viśeṣam, knowledge of various forms of gambling; (6o) ākarṣa-krīḍa, bringing close objects of play situated far away; (61) bālaka-krīḍanakam, playing with children; (62) vaināyikī vidyā, training elephants and horses; (63) vaijayikī vidyā, various methods of foretelling victory; and (64) vaitālikī vidyā, art of praising. Some of these arts are mentioned in the Kalpa-saṁhitā. An intelligent person can learn of these topics in one day and night. Other siddhis are mentioned such as knowing others’ thoughts, seeing or hearing at a great distance, and making potions from gems. Another meaning is that they learned all the sixty-four arts and the Vedas in sixty-four days and nights. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: sarahasyaṁ dhanur-vedaṁ sa-saṁgraham adhīyatām / aho-rātraiś catuḥ-ṣaṣṭyā tad adbhutam abhūd dvūja // O brāhmaṇa! It is astonishing that in sixty-four days and nights they learned the Dhanur-veda and all other works. Hari-vaṁśa says: tau ca śrutidharau vīrau yathāvat pratipadyatām / ahorātraiś catuḥṣaṣṭyā sāṅgaṁ vedam adhīyatām // The two boys with full retention of memory, learned all the Vedas and their aṅgas in sixty-four days and nights.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Or they were the initiators of all knowledge. To teach others only they made an appearance of learning. O king! Śukadeva expresses joy because they learned quickly, and would serve their guru at completion of their studies. They studied even during the night. They learned the Vedas while following the rules with service to guru (saṁyattau) in sixty-four days and other subjects in several more days and nights. Or this verse explains the previous that they learned in a few days. Some kalās are kalpa-saṁhitās. One of them can be learned in one day and night, but in a general way only. Other kalās are more complex works. Or all the kalās were mastered in sixty-four days and nights. sarahasyaṁ dhanur-vedaṁ sa-saṁgraham adhīyatām / aho-rātraiś catuḥ-ṣaṣṭyā tad adbhutam abhūd dvūja // O brāhmaṇa! It is astonishing that in sixty-four days and nights they learned the Dhanur-veda and all other works. Viṣṇu Purāṇa tau ca śrutidharau vīrau yathāvat pratipadyatām / ahorātraiś catuḥṣaṣṭyā sāṅgaṁ vedam adhīyatām // The two boys with full retention of memory, learned all the Vedas and their aṅgas in sixty-four days and nights. Hari-vaṁśa They offered him a donation, though he did not want it. O king! Śukadeva exclaims in astonishment.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Concepts
Dharma
Being themselves originators of all knowledge, Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma assimilate each subject after a single explanation, mastering sixty-four arts in sixty-four days. Even instant capacity is exercised respectfully through the formal process.
Reflection Questions
  • Where do you rush past formal process because you 'get it quickly'?
  • How does respecting time-with-teacher honor the teaching itself?

The two Lords absorb the sixty-four arts in sixty-four days and nights — the way a skilled cook can list every ingredient of a dish after one taste. Then They satisfy the guru with guru-dakṣiṇā. Bhagavān insists on completing the transaction the human way, since the form must be honored even when the content is His own.

The sixty-four arts in Gauḍīya rasa-śāstra

Rūpa Gosvāmī in Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu lists Kṛṣṇa's qualities and notes He is naipuṇa-sthāna — the seat of skill in every art. The traditional sixty-four kalās (singing, instrumental music, dance, painting, archery, etc.) are mapped explicitly onto Kṛṣṇa's personality.

Gauḍīyas hold: He learned them at Sāndīpani's gurukula in human-līlā in sixty-four days because they are intrinsically His already; what was learned was the form of acquiring, not the content. The verse becomes scriptural ground for the rasa-tradition's catalog of Bhagavān's gunas as Himself the seat of all arts.

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