FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.38.1

श्रीशुक उवाच अक्रूरोऽपि च तां रात्रिं मधुपुर्यां महामति: । उषित्वा रथमास्थाय प्रययौ नन्दगोकुलम् ॥ १ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca
[shree-shuka uvaacha]
akrūro ’pi ca tāṁ rātriṁ
[akrooro ’pi cha taam raatrim]
madhu-puryāṁ mahā-matiḥ
[madhu-puryaam mahaa-matih]
uṣitvā ratham āsthāya
[ushitvaa ratham aasthaaya]
prayayau nanda-gokulam
[prayayau nanda-gokulam]
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca — Śukadeva Gosvāmī said akrūraḥ — Akrūra api ca — and tām — that rātrim — night madhu - puryām — in the city of Mathurā mahā - matiḥ — high-minded uṣitvā — remaining ratham — his chariot āsthāya — mounting prayayau — he set off nanda - gokulam — for the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
śrī-śuka uvāca
śrī - śukaḥ uvāca
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said
akrūro ’pi ca tāṁ rātriṁ
akrūraḥ
Akrūra
api ca
and
tām
that
rātrim
night
madhu-puryāṁ mahā-matiḥ
madhu - puryām
in the city of Mathurā
mahā - matiḥ
high-minded
uṣitvā ratham āsthāya
uṣitvā
remaining
ratham
his chariot
āsthāya
mounting
prayayau nanda-gokulam
prayayau
he set off
nanda - gokulam
for the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja .
  • akrūraḥ — Akrūra
    From a- (not) + krūra (cruel) — "the non-cruel one." Gauḍīyas note that the name itself prophesies his role: Kaṁsa's emissary, yet inwardly tender. The name belongs to the body of the verse before any action is described.
  • mahā - matiḥ — high-minded
    Compound: mahā (great) + matiḥ (mind, intelligence). Used in Bhāgavata specifically for one whose intelligence is fixed on Bhagavān. Śuka signals from the first line that Akrūra is not a political messenger but a sober bhakta carrying out a dangerous errand.
  • madhu - puryām — in the city of Mathurā
    Madhu-purī, the city of Madhu — Kṛṣṇa's birth-city, ruled at this moment by His enemy Kaṁsa. The city is named for sweetness but emptied of its sweetness while Kṛṣṇa lives in Vraja; Akrūra's chariot leaves the empty sweetness for the full.
  • nanda - gokulam — the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja
    Compound: nanda (Nanda's) + gokulam (the cow-village). Goal of the journey and goal of all journeys — the place where Bhagavān is small, available, and barefoot. Gauḍīyas read this destination as the secret destination of every soul's chariot.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After passing the night in the city of Mathurā, the high-minded Akrūra mounted his chariot and set off for the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.

King Kaṁsa ordered Akrūra to go to Vṛndāvana on the Ekādaśī of the dark fortnight of the Vedic month of Phālguna. After spending the night in Mathurā, Akrūra left early the next day. That morning Nārada offered his prayers to Kṛṣṇa in Vṛndāvana, and in the afternoon the demon Vyoma was killed there. At dusk Akrūra entered the Lord’s village.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After passing the night in the city of Mathurā, the high-minded Akrūra mounted his chariot and set off for the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.
Commentary

The thirty eighth chapter describes how Krsna fulfilled all the desires of Akrura. Krsna welcomed Akrura with proper reception. Ater consulting on the krsna ekadasi of phalguna month, Kamsa gave orders to Kesi and Akrura and sent them to Vraja. The next morning, Kesi was killed. Akrura departed for Vraja the same morning, and Narada praised Krsna. In the afternoon Vyomasura was killed. In the evening Akrura entered Vraja.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

I offer respects to Akrūra who served Kaṁsa on some pretext in order to see and serve his Lord. The word ca indicates that Kṛṣṇa became eager to go to Mathurā when he heard from Nārada that he would kill Kaṁsa. Thus Akrūra became eager to go to Vraja. Or api can indicate that though Kaṁsa had sent Keśī, he also sent Akrūra. He was instructed by Kaṁsa and then spent the night in Mathurā. Hari-vaṁśa says that Kaṁsa in the night called all the Yadus and Akrūra in the Mathurā and told Akrūra to go to Vraja. Then it says: tasminn eva muhūrte tu mathurāyāḥ sa niryayau / prītimān puṇḍarīkākṣaṁ draṣṭuṁ dānapatiḥ svayam // At that moment Akrūra, with full affection, left Mathurā to see lotus-eyed Kṛṣṇa. Previously in Bhāgavatam it was said that Kaṁsa entered his inner chambers after speaking to Akrūra and Akrūra went to his own house. The stories are from different kalpas. Or, Kaṁsa spent the whole night discussing with the Yādavas until morning and then sent Akrūra. Akrūra mind was filled with bhakti (mahā-matiḥ). Śukadeva did not want to relate how Kṛṣṇa would leave Vraja since it was a cause distress to the people of Vraja. Thus he simply dwells on the devotional qualities of Akrūra. He departed (prayayau). Though Gokula was well known as belonging to Nanda, Śukadeva specifically mentions his name because he had a sudden internal realization of its special nature.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Nārada, though the greatest devotee, had requested the Lord to go to Mathurā to kill Kaṁsa (api). Akrūra, though a great devotee (ca), departed for Vraja. Or ca can mean “but.” This indicates that though the Lord did not want to go, he went because of the insistence of two great devotees. He departed after passing the night during which Kaṁsa had given his instructions. Niśi stimita-mūkāyāṁ mathurāyāṁ janādhipa: he spent the still, quiet night in Mathurā. (Viṣṇu Purāṇa) Previously it was said that Kaṁsa had entered his house. Mathurā was famous as the place where the great demon Madhu had lived. Or it was the city of the Yādavas, coming from the Madhu dynasty. Akrūra spent the night there. He expected to see Kṛṣṇa in Gokula, after he came from the forest in the afternoon. Or it was not possible to go into the forest at night since he did not know the path. Hari-vaṁṣa says: tasminn eva muhūrte tu mathurāyāḥ sa niryayau prītimān puṇḍarīkākṣaṁ draṣṭuṁ dānapatiḥ svayam At that moment Akrūra (after getting instructions), with full affection, left Mathurā to see lotus-eyed Kṛṣṇa. This is from a different kalpa. Or Kaṁsa spent the whole night talking with the Yādavas, till morning arrived and then gave orders to Akrūra. Then Akrūra departed. Akrūra was highly intelligent, since he desired to see the Lord. He situated himself on the chariot supplied by Kaṁsa. When the Lord mounted the chariot, Akrūra would be only the driver. He departed with the expectation of fulfilling his desires (pra yayau), going to Vraja, the residence of all the cowherds (nanda). Or he went to the village of Nanda, to separate the cowherds from it, and to see Kṛṣṇa. Or Akrūra went to Gokula which gave Akrūra bliss. Though he was not cruel (akrūraḥ) and though he was intelligent (mahā-matiḥ), he intended to take Kṛṣṇa from Gokula. This expresses Śukadeva’s lamentation.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
After a night in Mathurā, the high-minded Akrūra mounts his chariot and sets off for Nanda's village. A devotee on a sacred mission rises early and travels with quiet purpose, letting the journey itself become preparation.
Reflection Questions
  • What sacred 'journey' have you been postponing for ideal conditions?
  • How could the road itself become part of your devotion today?

Akrūra's chariot at dawn is the outward sign of an inward turning — the wheels point to Vṛndāvana, but it is his mind that has already left Mathurā behind. A devotee on the road to Kṛṣṇa carries the city of the senses with him for only as long as he forgets where he is going.

📝 My note

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