FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.30.42

ततोऽविशन्वनं चन्द्रज्योत्स्‍ना यावद् विभाव्यते । तम: प्रविष्टमालक्ष्य ततो निववृतु: स्त्रिय: ॥ ४२ ॥
tato ’viśan vanaṁ candra
[tato ’vishan vanam chandra]
jyotsnā yāvad vibhāvyate
[jyotsnaa yaavad vibhaavyate]
tamaḥ praviṣṭam ālakṣya
[tamah pravishtam aalakshya]
tato nivavṛtuḥ striyaḥ
[tato nivavrituh striyah]
tataḥ — then aviśan — they entered vanam — the forest candra — of the moon jyotsnā — the light yāvat — as far vibhāvyate — as was visible tamaḥ — darkness praviṣṭam — entered ālakṣya — noticing tataḥ — thereupon nivavṛtuḥ — they desisted striyaḥ — the women .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tato ’viśan vanaṁ candra
tataḥ
then
jyotsnā yāvad vibhāvyate
aviśan
they entered
vanam
the forest
candra
of the moon
jyotsnā
the light
yāvat
as far
tamaḥ praviṣṭam ālakṣya
vibhāvyate
as was visible
tamaḥ
darkness
praviṣṭam
entered
ālakṣya
noticing
tato nivavṛtuḥ striyaḥ
tataḥ
thereupon
nivavṛtuḥ
they desisted
striyaḥ
the women .
  • candra-jyotsnā — the light of the moon
    Compound: candra (moon) + jyotsnā (moonlight). The rāsa is moonlit; chapter 29 opens with the autumn full moon. Kṛṣṇa's līlā is staged in moonlight, never sunlight. Gauḍīyas read the moon as His own internal light, hlādinī's own glow.
  • tamaḥ-praviṣṭam — darkness entered
    Phrase: tamas (darkness) + praviṣṭa (entered). Darkness as agent — it enters, the gopīs notice. The cosmological tamas of Sāṅkhya is also the simple absence of moonlight; both apply. Without His light Vraja itself sinks into tamas.
  • nivavṛtuḥ — they desisted, turned back
    Perfect of ni-√vṛt (to turn back). The first turning-back in the chapter. The gopīs' anveṣaṇa has its limit not in their love but in the medium. Gauḍīya teaching: prema knows when to wait. Forcing the līlā would itself be ahaṅkāra.
  • vibhāvyate — as far as was visible
    Present passive of vi-√bhū. The grammar of conditional perception — what could be seen, no more. The verse's restraint matches the gopīs' restraint; they go to the visible edge and stop.
In search of Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs then entered the depths of the forest as far as the light of the moon shone. But when they found themselves engulfed in darkness, they decided to turn back.

The gopīs entered a part of the forest so dense that even the light of the full moon couldn’t penetrate it. This scene is also described in the Viṣṇu Purāṇa: praviṣṭo gahanaṁ kṛṣṇaḥ padam atra na lakṣyate nivartadhvaṁ śaśāṅkasya naitad dīdhiti-gocaraḥ “One gopī said, ‘Kṛṣṇa has entered such a dark part of the forest that we cannot possibly see His footprints. Therefore let us turn back from this area, which even the light of the moon cannot reach.’”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
In search of Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs then entered the depths of the forest as far as the light of the moon shone. But when they found themselves engulfed in darkness, they decided to turn back.
Commentary

When Radha regained consciousness through the loudly wailing of the gopis and their services of fanning, the gopis began questioning her. "What has happened to you?" Radha said, "Why did I become separated from you? I did not know my own foolish and helpless nature. But now I have understood slightly that the pride and offense I manifested is due to the hardhearted nature on both sides. It is Krsna’s hard heartedness that he left you all burning in thousands of fires of separation, while enjoying with me alone. Then I said in meanness to the mischievous son of a king, "I cannot move. Take me were you want." That was my hard heartedness, for in saying that I committed offense. Thus in two ways, my mind fell into the greatest sorrow. This was manifested as displeasure towards Krsna, humility before the gopis and misery for myself." When Sukadeva uses the word "dauratmya" he is simply repeating the words of Radha, like a parrot. The word duratma actually means one whose body is far away from Krsna, she from whom Krsna is far. One who possess this feeling is called dauratmya. In other words, one who feels separation from Krsna is dauratmya. The gopis were completely amazed. "O dear friend, in giving to you what should be given to you alone, it was not hard hearted on his part. And for you, independent in nature, and tired from pastimes, to give him an order is not hard hearted on your part. Rather this is favorable for increase of rasa. But for the favorable lover to ignore the order of the woman after enjoying her and bring her to such a miserable stats is certainly unfavorable to rasa and is dauratmya. How has the ocean of mercy, the possessor of the greatest prema, the pinnacle of the greatest rasa, done such a thing?" In this way they became completely astonished.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Supported by her sakhīs because of her completely agitated condition, she and the other gopīs again began searching for him. They went searching into the forest as far as the moon spread its light. Inferring from his foot prints that Kṛṣṇa had gone deep into the dense forest, they then left the forest. This is described in Viṣṇu Purāṇa: praviṣṭo gahanaṁ kṛṣṇaḥ padam atra na lakṣyate nivartadhvaṁ śaśāṅkasya naitad dīdhiti-gocaraḥ Kṛṣṇa has entered such a dark part of the forest that we cannot possibly see his footprints. Therefore let us turn back from this area, which even the light of the moon cannot reach. They turned back because it was not possible for women (striyaḥ) to enter the dark forest. Since they were deeply fearful by nature, they speculated that he had entered the deep forest because of receiving ill treatment from them. They were eager to get out that place since it was difficult to penetrate. Instead of tataḥ sometimes hareḥ is seen but this is not accepted by Śrīdhara Svāmī. Tataḥ is found twice in the verse. The second tataḥ with nivavṛtuḥ means “they gave up searching for Kṛṣṇa” since it has no meaning in combination with the previous phrase. And tataḥ meaning “from Hari” is also unsuitable since the meaning would be “they gave up Kṛṣṇa.”

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
The gopīs enter the depths of the forest seeking Him. When the moon's light fails, they keep going — devotion does not require visibility, only direction.
Reflection Questions
  • Am I willing to keep walking toward Kṛṣṇa even when the inner light dims?
  • What practice can sustain me when I cannot see the path clearly?

Searchers with lanterns can press into the forest only as far as the lamp will reach — past that they must turn back. The gopīs press into Vṛndāvana to the very edge of moonlight; where darkness begins, they stop, because love does not press into what cannot be seen. The night accepts a limit even prema cannot cross.

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