FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.30.4

गायन्त्य उच्चैरमुमेव संहता विचिक्युरुन्मत्तकवद् वनाद् वनम् । पप्रच्छुराकाशवदन्तरं बहि- र्भूतेषु सन्तं पुरुषं वनस्पतीन् ॥ ४ ॥
gāyantya uccair amum eva saṁhatā
[gaayantya uchchair amum eva samhataa]
vicikyur unmattaka-vad vanād vanam
[vichikyur unmattaka-vad vanaad vanam]
papracchur ākāśa-vad antaraṁ bahir
[paprachchur aakaasha-vad antaram bahir]
bhūteṣu santaṁ puruṣaṁ vanaspatīn
[bhooteshu santam purusham vanaspateen]
gāyantyaḥ — singing uccaiḥ — loudly amum — about Him eva — indeed saṁhatāḥ — together in a group vicikyuḥ — they searched unmattaka - vat — like madwomen vanāt vanam — from one area of the forest to another papracchuḥ — they inquired ākāśa - vat — like the sky antaram — internally bahiḥ — and externally bhūteṣu — in all created beings santam — present puruṣam — the Supreme Person vanaspatīn — from the trees .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
gāyantya uccair amum eva saṁhatā
gāyantyaḥ
singing
uccaiḥ
loudly
amum
about Him
eva
indeed
saṁhatāḥ
together in a group
vicikyur unmattaka-vad vanād vanam
vicikyuḥ
they searched
unmattaka - vat
like madwomen
vanāt vanam
from one area of the forest to another
papracchur ākāśa-vad antaraṁ bahir
papracchuḥ
they inquired
ākāśa - vat
like the sky
antaram
internally
bahiḥ
and externally
bhūteṣu santaṁ puruṣaṁ vanaspatīn
bhūteṣu
in all created beings
santam
present
puruṣam
the Supreme Person
vanaspatīn
from the trees .
  • unmattaka-vat — like madwomen
    From unmatta (mad) + ka (diminutive) + vat (like). Gauḍīyas distinguish this divine unmāda from mundane derangement: it is the natural overflow of mahābhāva, the very state Caitanya Mahāprabhu manifested at Gambhīrā. Madness, not mistake.
  • ākāśa-vat — like the sky
    Comparison: as sky pervades all without being affected. A Paramātmā-image — Kṛṣṇa is antaryāmī, inside every tree and outside it too. The gopīs' question is therefore not naive; theologically the trees do know.
  • antaram-bahiḥ — internally and externally
    The classic antar-bahir formula for Kṛṣṇa's omnipresence — picked up in SB 11 and the Gītā (13.16). Gauḍīyas read it through Jīva Gosvāmī's Bhagavat-sandarbha: Bhagavān is both the all-pervading Paramātmā (here) and the localized Person of Vraja (the one being searched for).
  • puruṣam — the Supreme Person
    Not 'consciousness,' not 'principle' — puruṣa. The Bhāgavatam, even in this love-mad moment, insists on the personal frame. The One they are searching for is a Person; the trees they question contain that Person.
  • vanaspatīn — from the trees
    Compound: vana (forest) + pati (lord). The 'lords of the forest' — large fruit-bearing trees. The gopīs honor them as elder witnesses; this is also the literary opening of the long apostrophe to specific trees that follows in verses 5–9.
Singing loudly of Kṛṣṇa, they searched for Him throughout the Vṛndāvana forest like a band of madwomen. They even asked the trees about Him, who as the Supersoul is present inside and outside of all created things, just like the sky.

Lost in the madness of love for Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs inquired about Him from even the trees in Vṛndāvana. Of course, there is no actual separation from Lord Kṛṣṇa, since He is the all-pervading Supersoul.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Singing loudly of Kṛṣṇa, they searched for Him throughout the Vṛndāvana forest like a band of madwomen. They even asked the trees about Him, who as the Supersoul is present inside and outside of all created things, just like the sky.
Commentary

When unmada gave up its deep state and became somewhat stable, the gopis began to search for Krsna is a half conscious state. That is described in this verse. Grief stricken because of separation from their beloved, they thought, "we must search for him." Coming together in a group, they wandered from forest to forest as if half mad, searching. Asking the trees about Krsna’s whereabouts was one sign of their unmada state. "We know that Krsna was enjoying with Radha, the chief gopi at that time. But did he know of the questions that the gopis were asking in their state of unmada?" This is made clear in this verse by describing Krsna as pervading inside and outside of all entities like the akasa. Because Krsna is everywhere, certainly Krsna could hear the gopis’ questions in those places, though they could not see him.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Returning to normal state after a longtime, they then entered the state called unmāda. They sang loudly, so that he could hear from a great distance, about his killing Pūtanā in Gokula with the idea that he could give them protection as in the following example. viṣa-jalāpyayād vyāla-rākṣasād varṣa-mārutād vaidyutānalāt vṛṣa-mayātmajād viśvato bhayād ṛṣabha te vayaṁ rakṣitā muhuḥ O greatest of personalities, You have repeatedly saved us from all kinds of danger—from poisoned water, from the terrible man-eater Agha, from the great rains, from the wind demon, from the fiery thunderbolt of Indra, from the bull demon and from the son of Maya Dānava. SB 10.31.3 They also sang to attract him, since singing was dear to him and also because it was natural to do so when in great pain. He gave great suffering by giving them up but still they sang about him (amum). gaṇayati guṇa-grāmaṁ bhrāmaṁ bhrāmād api nehate: my mind only considers Kṛṣṇa's virtues, and completely discounts even one of his faults. (Gīta-govinda 2.10) They gathered together to search for him and to get relief from the pain by being with friends, since this is the natural action when in distress. They sang and searched at the same time and then began questioning the trees because they were almost insane (unmattaka-vat). The suffix ka indicates that the “madness applied to the self”. This indicates that their hair was unbound. They asked about him though he was antaryāmī spreading like the sky everywhere, inside and outside of all beings. They asked about him, considering him a human in these pastimes, out of their prema. Or it answers the question “Did they not uselessly cry in the forest?” No, Kṛṣṇa is pervasive like the sky. Later he will say: mayāparokṣaṁ bhajatā tirohitaṁ māsūyituṁ mārhatha tat priyaṁ priyāḥ Even when I removed myself from your sight by suddenly disappearing, I never stopped loving you. Therefore, my beloved gopīs, please do not harbor any bad feelings toward me, your beloved. SB 10.32.21 Or, they asked about their hero (puruṣam) who made his direct appearance inside and outside of all beings like the sky. Such an appearance (sphūṛti) arose from their prema. vana-latās tarava ātmani viṣṇuṁ vyañjayantya iva puṣpa-phalāḍhyāḥ praṇata-bhāra-viṭapā madhu-dhārāḥ prema-hṛṣṭa-tanavo vavṛṣuḥ sma Hearing the song of Mukunda’s flute, the rivers then stopped their currents, although the minds of the rivers could still be ascertained from the presence of whirlpools. With the arms of their waves the rivers seized the two lotus feet of Murāri, taking help from the lotus plants, and thus he became trapped in their embrace. SB 10.35.2 The external sphūrti is at a distance and the internal one is close up. In that state of madness it was quite suitable they inquired from the trees, even though the trees had no senses, since they saw Kṛṣṇa interacting with the trees.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Not only did they imitate his actions but disturbed by separation they searched for him there and there. They asked all beings whom they saw in front about him. They sang loudly so that he could hear of their pain or to attract him by singing songs he liked. Or they simple sang as a natural symptom of great pain. Though it is not proper to sing about him since he gave them up and gave them pain, they sang about him only, since he was their sole object of love or their quality was to sing about him. They gathered together (saṁhatāḥ) in order to search for him, or out of friendship they gathered to comfort each other or as a natural response to great pain. They asked the trees about him because they were almost insane (unmattaka-vat). The suffix ka indicates that the “madness applied to the self”. This indicates that their hair was unbound. They began searching and asking questions without discrimination. Thus they were not completely absorbed in these acts. Otherwise they would not ask trees. They wandered from forest to forest, for a long time. Just as ether is spread inside and outside so Kṛṣṇa is spread inside and outside all jivas as the puruṣa. They alsked the trees about him. Or they asked the trees out of madness about Kṛṣṇa who was in front of them, internally and externally in all the bowers (bhūteṣu). Or they asked about their master (puruṣa). That was their reason for searching and asking. Or they asked the trees out of pain in separation about Kṛṣṇa whom they knew was situated everywhere. They spoke out of great pain. This is the greatness of of lack of control because of pain in prema.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
When the beloved is hidden, the devotee searches everywhere, asking even trees and breezes. Madness in love for God is not failure of mind but its full surrender to the only thing worth knowing.
Reflection Questions
  • When I cannot find Kṛṣṇa, do I keep searching or quietly give up and move on?
  • What would it look like to let my love for God look slightly foolish in others' eyes?

A child whose mother has stepped out of the room will, in love, ask the curtains where she went, ask the wall, ask the empty chair — because love refuses the silence of dead objects. The gopīs ask the trees not in confusion but in faith: He is the Supersoul inside and outside everything, and the trees know.

Sītā's questioning the forest

Stolen by Rāvaṇa and dragged south, Sītā called out to the trees of Janasthāna, to the deer, to the river Godāvarī — please tell Rāma where I am, please tell Lakṣmaṇa I lived. The Rāmāyaṇa lingers on this scene because love speaks to whatever is in front of it.

The gopīs at SB 10.30 quote the same grammar of viraha. Sītā asks creation to carry word to her Lord; the gopīs ask creation where their Lord has gone. Different vector, identical mood — the prototype Vaiṣṇava bride speaking to the forest about an absent Beloved.

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